Bio Chapter 2

phospholipids

Cell membranes are characterized by the presence of

solute

a mix of glucose and water is called a

because oxygen pulls the shared electrons a bit more than either hydrogen

a water molecule is polar

an attractive force that involves a hydrogen atom and an oxygen or a nitrogen atom that are either in two different molecules or within the same molecule.

A hydrogen bond is

monomers

A larger biological molecule is composed of smaller units called

solute

A substance that is dissolved by a liquid is called a

ionic bond

A(n) ____ is a type of chemical bond in which a strong mutual attraction forms between ions of opposite charge.

hydrogen ions

Acids are substances that dissolve in water to release:

is electrically neutral

An atom

ion

An atom that carries a charge is called a(n)

8

Atoms react with one another in order to achieve ____ electrons in their outer shell.

the actions of enzymes

Condensation and hydrolysis are accomplished in cells by

covalent bonds ionic bonds polar bonds non-polar bonds

Electrons are shared in bonds called

protons

For a given element, all atoms of that element have the same number of

~ring forms. ~structurally different. ~monosaccharides. ~simple sugars.

Glucose and fructose are

repelled by

Hydrophobic molecules are ____ water.

nonpolar covalent

In ____ bonds, atoms share electrons equally.

cohesion

____ is the tendency of water molecules to stay attached to one another.

nucleic acids

Nucleotides are monomers of

5 carbon

Nucleotides contain what kind of sugars?

starch

Plants store their excess carbohydrates in the form of

~structural units. ~ hormones. ~storage molecules. ~transport molecules.

Proteins may function as

ionic

The bond in table salt (NaCl) is

hydrolysis

The breakdown of large molecules by the enzymatic addition of water is an example of what kind of reaction?

the electron.

The negative subatomic particle is

the neutron

The neutral subatomic particle is

protons and neutrons

The nucleus of an atom is constituted of

the proton.

The positive subatomic particle is

~A molecule may contain atoms of more than one element. ~ Chemical bonds hold atoms together in a molecule. ~Molecules form compounds.

These are all True

have fewer hydrogens than saturated fatty acids.

Unsaturated fatty acids

covalent bonding in the molecule

Water in known as a polar molecule due to the

protons; neutrons; electrons

____, ____, and ____ are subatomic particles.

atom

What is the smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element?

peptide

What kind of bond exists between two amino acids in a protein?

hydrogen

Which chemical bonds are found between water molecules?

starch: riboses

Which molecule is INCORRECTLY matched with its component parts?

~sterols ~triglycerides ~oils ~waxes

Which of the following are lipids?

amino acids

Which of the following is a monomer of protein?

heat pH detergents

Which of the following parameters could affect the shape of a protein?

hydrogen ions

Which of the following represents H+?

deoxyribose

Which of the following sugars is found in DNA and NOT in RNA?

ribose

Which of the following sugars is found in RNA and NOT in DNA?

cohesion

Which property of water molecules is responsible for movement of water from roots to leaves in a plant?

hydrogen

____ bonds hold molecules of DNA in their characteristic shape.

Radioactive isotopes

have an excess number of neutrons.

electrons

in an atom, ____ spin around the nucleus.

carbohydrates

which of the following is composed of a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?