BIO chapters 7-9

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chloroplast

an organelle that specializes in photosynthesis in plants and a few protistans

triglycerides

are tapped as alternatives to glucose between meals or during exercise

light independent reactions

assemble sugars and other organic molecules using ATP, NADPH, and C02.

thylakoid discs

continuous and are filled with H+ needed during ATP synthesis.

mitosis

diploid, somatic cells, body growth, tissue repair

which of the following is not associated with meiosis

diploid, somatic cells, body growth, tissue repair

Aerobic respiration reaction

glycolysis and krebs cycle

chromosomes exists as pairs aka

homologous chromosomes

human chromosomes

humans have 46 (23 pairs) chromosomes

excess carbs

intake is stored as glycogen in liver and muscle for future use

thyladkoid membrane

internal membrane of the chloroplast

centromere

is the constricted region of a duplicated chromosome, with attachment sites for microtubules.

aerobic respiration

is the main pathway for energy release from carbohydrate to ATP

ATP

is the prime energy carrier for all cells. Produced by all organisms

cell cycle

mitosis's only stage and a recurring sequence of events that extend from time of a cells formation until its division is completed

biosynthetic pathway

where most of the carbon enters the web of life

series of reactions in aerobic respiration

C6 H12O6 + 602 ---> 6C02 + 6H20

a eukaryotic chromosome consists of

DNA

NADPH

Provides ATP

anaerobic pathway

operate when oxygen is absent

plant cells vs animal cells

plant cell is brought about by cell plate formation. Animal cells divide by pinching in to a mechanism called cleavage.

water and carbondioxide

plants need this to carry out photosynthesis

daughter cells

produce additional organelles when a eukaryotic cell divides

stroma

semifluid area that surrounds the grana and where light independent reactions occur

yeasts

single celled organisms use this pathway

electron transport systems

systems are organized sequences of enzymes and other proteins bound in a cell membrane

photosynthesis

the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy followed by synthesis of sugar phosphates that become converted to sucrose, cellulose, starch and other end products

ATP, NADH, pryuvates

the end product of glycolysis

carbohydrate

the main source of energy in the human diet

carbon dioxide production

the minimum evidence of anything being alive

why do plants manufacture glucose?

to function as the beginning of more complex molecules

light trapping pigments

trap light energy and give up electrons

pigment

traps light energy, gives up electrons, reflects and absorbs molecules and sunlight

The sun

ultimate source of energy for living things

mitosis

used by multi celled organisms in growth by repeated divsion of somatic cells

cytoplasm

where glycolysis reactions occur

photons

where light energy is packaged and vary in energy as a function of wavelength


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