BIO chapters 7-9
chloroplast
an organelle that specializes in photosynthesis in plants and a few protistans
triglycerides
are tapped as alternatives to glucose between meals or during exercise
light independent reactions
assemble sugars and other organic molecules using ATP, NADPH, and C02.
thylakoid discs
continuous and are filled with H+ needed during ATP synthesis.
mitosis
diploid, somatic cells, body growth, tissue repair
which of the following is not associated with meiosis
diploid, somatic cells, body growth, tissue repair
Aerobic respiration reaction
glycolysis and krebs cycle
chromosomes exists as pairs aka
homologous chromosomes
human chromosomes
humans have 46 (23 pairs) chromosomes
excess carbs
intake is stored as glycogen in liver and muscle for future use
thyladkoid membrane
internal membrane of the chloroplast
centromere
is the constricted region of a duplicated chromosome, with attachment sites for microtubules.
aerobic respiration
is the main pathway for energy release from carbohydrate to ATP
ATP
is the prime energy carrier for all cells. Produced by all organisms
cell cycle
mitosis's only stage and a recurring sequence of events that extend from time of a cells formation until its division is completed
biosynthetic pathway
where most of the carbon enters the web of life
series of reactions in aerobic respiration
C6 H12O6 + 602 ---> 6C02 + 6H20
a eukaryotic chromosome consists of
DNA
NADPH
Provides ATP
anaerobic pathway
operate when oxygen is absent
plant cells vs animal cells
plant cell is brought about by cell plate formation. Animal cells divide by pinching in to a mechanism called cleavage.
water and carbondioxide
plants need this to carry out photosynthesis
daughter cells
produce additional organelles when a eukaryotic cell divides
stroma
semifluid area that surrounds the grana and where light independent reactions occur
yeasts
single celled organisms use this pathway
electron transport systems
systems are organized sequences of enzymes and other proteins bound in a cell membrane
photosynthesis
the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy followed by synthesis of sugar phosphates that become converted to sucrose, cellulose, starch and other end products
ATP, NADH, pryuvates
the end product of glycolysis
carbohydrate
the main source of energy in the human diet
carbon dioxide production
the minimum evidence of anything being alive
why do plants manufacture glucose?
to function as the beginning of more complex molecules
light trapping pigments
trap light energy and give up electrons
pigment
traps light energy, gives up electrons, reflects and absorbs molecules and sunlight
The sun
ultimate source of energy for living things
mitosis
used by multi celled organisms in growth by repeated divsion of somatic cells
cytoplasm
where glycolysis reactions occur
photons
where light energy is packaged and vary in energy as a function of wavelength
