Bio Exam 1 (Ch1-4)

Which types of chemical bonds are easily broken in water?

Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds

What determines the types of species found in a community?

The environment, Interactions among different species

A Na+ ion forms when

a sodium atom loses an electron

A scientific manuscript submitted for publication may be

accepted for publication, rejected for publication, or conditionally accepted pending revisions

A substance that releases hydrogen ions into solution is called a(n)

acid

Arrange the following terms in order of pH :acidic, alkaline, neutral

acidic->neutral->alkaline

the process of water molecules being attracted to non-neutral surfaces is known as

adhesion

The hydrogen bonds between water molecules form between:

an oxygen atom on one water molecule and a hydrogen atom on a second water molecule

In taxonomy, species are grouped together if they have a recent common

ancestor

Organisms in the domain Eukarya were once subdivided into which of the following kindgoms?

animalia, plantae, fungi, protista

Van der Waals interactions can form between:

any atoms

Which of the following describes the smallest functional unit of matter?

atoms

Arrange the levels of biological organization according to size

atoms, molecules, macromolecules, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Select the domains that contain prokaryotic microorganisms

bacteria, archaea

A substance that absorbs hydrogen ions in solution is called a(n)

base

ionic bond

bond between a cation and anion

The types of species found in a community are influenced by

both the environment and interactions among the species.

What type of compound minimizes pH fluctuations in the fluids of living organisms?

buffer

Living organisms minimize changes in their internal pH using compounds called:

buffers

In order to maintain an organized body structure, all organisms need an input of which of the following?

energy

The unity of common traits is rooted in the phenomenon of

evolution from pre-existing ancestors.

All species, both past and present, are related to one another through a(n) ______ history.

evolutionary

One of the principles exhibited by all forms of life is that structure determines ______, which applies to small molecules, macromolecules, and multicellular tissues and features

function

The ____ _, which refers to the complete genetic composition of an organism, provides continuity from one generation to the next.

genome

The information necessary to produce an organism's proteome is contained in its _________which is the complete genetic composition of an organism or species.

genome

All members of the domain Eukarya:

have cells with a nucleus and internal compartments

Hydrochloric acid is considered an acid because it releases ______ ions into solution.

hydrogen

When two water molecules are near each other, a hydrogen bond will form between the more positive _______ and the more negative _________ atoms of neighboring water molecules.

hydrogen, oxygen

When a cation binds to an anion, a(n) _____ bond forms.

ionic

A covalent bond is one in which a pair of electrons:

is shared between two atoms

What determines the function of a biological molecule?

its structure

Water has a high heat of fusion. This means that:

much energy must be withdrawn to cause water to change from a liquid state to solid

An organism that consists of many cells is called a(n) _____________organism

multicellular

state all the characteristics of a scientific hypothesis

must make predictions, should be falsifiable (if incorrect)

Changes in the frequency of beneficial mutations over generations is called

natural selection

Consider a mutation that alters an organism's traits so that it increases the likelihood of survival and reproduction of the organism. Such a mutation may become more common in the population over time due to a process called

natural selection

pH is defined as the __________ __________ to the base 10 of the ________ ion concentration.

negative logarithm H+

Isotopes of the same element differ in their number of:

neutrons

what kind of covalent bond is C-H

nonpolar

Organisms in the domain eukarya are composed of cells that have a cell _______in which the genetic material is housed.

nucleus

Arrange the following steps of the scientific method in the correct order

observation, hypothesis, testing, data, theory

Ideally, control and experimental groups should differ in how many variables?

one

Unicellular organisms are composed of ______, while multicellular organisms are composed of ______.

one cell; many cells

iving things are also called ______, and a group of organisms with the same form and set of attributes is called a(n) ____

organisms, species

In a water molecule (H2O), the _______ atom has a partial negative charge, and the _______ atom has a partial positive charge.

oxygen, hydrogen

When NaCl dissolves in water, Na+ becomes surrounded by the partially negatively charged _______ atoms of water molecules, and Cl- becomes surrounded by the partially positively charged _______ atoms of water molecules.

oxygen, hydrogen

The ______ of a solution is the negative base 10 logarithm of the H+ concentration of the solution.

pH

As acidity increases

pH decreases

is the amino group polar or nonpolar?

polar

is the carbonyl group polar or nonpolar?

polar

is the hydroxyl group polar or nonpolar?

polar

in a water molecule (H2O), each hydrogen atom has a partial ______ charge, and the oxygen atom has a partial _____ charge

positive, negative

While DNA encodes the information for traits of organisms and cells, proteins _____________ are the macromolecules that are directly responsible for the structure and function of cells.

proteins

Van der Waals forces arise when:

random electron movement creates short-lived attractions

The observation, identification, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomenon can be defined as

science

A solution is composed of ______ dissolved in a(n) ______.

solutes; solvent

Solutes dissolved in a solvent form a(n):

solution

Hydrochloric acid is called a(n) _____ acid because it almost completely dissociates into H+ and Cl- when added to water

strong

What carries the information to produce a proteome?

the genome

What happens to the pH of a solution when H+ ions are added to it?

the pH decreases

When a chemical reaction has reached equilibrium,

the rate of the formation of products equals the rate of the formation of reactants

Categorization of species is based on

their relationship to common ancestors

What is a broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is supported by a large body of evidence?

theory

Which of the following statements describe hydrophilic molecules?

they are soluble in water

A molecule is composed of:

two or more atoms bonded together

Most of the chemical reactions that occur in nature involve molecules that are dissolved in _________ , including reactions that occur inside and outside cells.

water

Carbonic acid is called a(n) ______ acid because some of it remains in the H2CO3 state when dissolved in water.

weak

Nitrogen has three unpaired electrons in its outer shell. What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that a nitrogen atom can form with other atoms while still remaining uncharged?

3

A new element found on earth has four unpaired electrons in its outer shell. Predict the maximum number of bonds in which the new element can participate.

4

An oxygen molecule (O2) contains a double bond, in which a total of ______ electrons are shared.

4

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form with other atoms?

4

in biology, a theory is best described as which of the following?

A general principle that is supported by a vast amount of data

What is a population?

A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same place

What is a species?

A group of related organisms that share a distinctive form and set of attributes

What contributes to water's stability in a liquid state?

A high heat of vaporization A high heat of fusion

hydrogen bond

Bond between atoms with partial positive and partial negative charges

nonpolar covalent bond

Bond in which two atoms share electrons equally

polar covalent bond

Bond in which two atoms share electrons unequally

Genes govern the characteristics of an organism. Each gene is a short segment of a(n)

DNA molecule

Which domain of life includes organisms that have large cells with internal compartments specialized for particular functions?

Eukarya

What are the functions of the genome?

Evolutionary change Storage of information Providing continuity from one generation to the next

Why does ice float in liquid water?

Ice is less dense than liquid water.

What is the proper way to represent the scientific name of a mouse

Mus musculus (italicized)

A base will release _______ ions when dissolved in water

OH

What is the smallest unit of life?

cell

Similar ______make up a tissue, and two or more types of tissue make up a(n) ________

cells, organ

What is biological evolution?

change in a population of organisms over time

The phenomenon of water molecules attracting one another is known as

cohesion

Water does not break up when an insect lands on its surface, a property known as surface tension. What property of water best explains surface tension?

cohesion

NaCl is considered a(n) ______ because it is a molecule composed of two atoms of different elements bonded together.

compound

Ice floats in liquid water because ice has a lower ______ than liquid water.

density

what describes molecules that only have hydrophobic regions.

dissolve well in nonpolar solvents relatively insoluble in water contain many nonpolar covalent bonds

All living organisms contain genetic material that is composed of

dna

Arrange the levels of classification in order. Begin with the largest level

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

A biological community and the physical environment within which it lives together constitute a(n)

ecosystem

What level of organization is formed by interactions of a community of organisms with their physical environment?

ecosystem

If an atom gains or loses a(n) ______, it acquires a net electrical charge and becomes an ion.

electron