Bio Exam 1 (Ch1-4)
Which types of chemical bonds are easily broken in water?
Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds
What determines the types of species found in a community?
The environment, Interactions among different species
A Na+ ion forms when
a sodium atom loses an electron
A scientific manuscript submitted for publication may be
accepted for publication, rejected for publication, or conditionally accepted pending revisions
A substance that releases hydrogen ions into solution is called a(n)
acid
Arrange the following terms in order of pH :acidic, alkaline, neutral
acidic->neutral->alkaline
the process of water molecules being attracted to non-neutral surfaces is known as
adhesion
The hydrogen bonds between water molecules form between:
an oxygen atom on one water molecule and a hydrogen atom on a second water molecule
In taxonomy, species are grouped together if they have a recent common
ancestor
Organisms in the domain Eukarya were once subdivided into which of the following kindgoms?
animalia, plantae, fungi, protista
Van der Waals interactions can form between:
any atoms
Which of the following describes the smallest functional unit of matter?
atoms
Arrange the levels of biological organization according to size
atoms, molecules, macromolecules, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
Select the domains that contain prokaryotic microorganisms
bacteria, archaea
A substance that absorbs hydrogen ions in solution is called a(n)
base
ionic bond
bond between a cation and anion
The types of species found in a community are influenced by
both the environment and interactions among the species.
What type of compound minimizes pH fluctuations in the fluids of living organisms?
buffer
Living organisms minimize changes in their internal pH using compounds called:
buffers
In order to maintain an organized body structure, all organisms need an input of which of the following?
energy
The unity of common traits is rooted in the phenomenon of
evolution from pre-existing ancestors.
All species, both past and present, are related to one another through a(n) ______ history.
evolutionary
One of the principles exhibited by all forms of life is that structure determines ______, which applies to small molecules, macromolecules, and multicellular tissues and features
function
The ____ _, which refers to the complete genetic composition of an organism, provides continuity from one generation to the next.
genome
The information necessary to produce an organism's proteome is contained in its _________which is the complete genetic composition of an organism or species.
genome
All members of the domain Eukarya:
have cells with a nucleus and internal compartments
Hydrochloric acid is considered an acid because it releases ______ ions into solution.
hydrogen
When two water molecules are near each other, a hydrogen bond will form between the more positive _______ and the more negative _________ atoms of neighboring water molecules.
hydrogen, oxygen
When a cation binds to an anion, a(n) _____ bond forms.
ionic
A covalent bond is one in which a pair of electrons:
is shared between two atoms
What determines the function of a biological molecule?
its structure
Water has a high heat of fusion. This means that:
much energy must be withdrawn to cause water to change from a liquid state to solid
An organism that consists of many cells is called a(n) _____________organism
multicellular
state all the characteristics of a scientific hypothesis
must make predictions, should be falsifiable (if incorrect)
Changes in the frequency of beneficial mutations over generations is called
natural selection
Consider a mutation that alters an organism's traits so that it increases the likelihood of survival and reproduction of the organism. Such a mutation may become more common in the population over time due to a process called
natural selection
pH is defined as the __________ __________ to the base 10 of the ________ ion concentration.
negative logarithm H+
Isotopes of the same element differ in their number of:
neutrons
what kind of covalent bond is C-H
nonpolar
Organisms in the domain eukarya are composed of cells that have a cell _______in which the genetic material is housed.
nucleus
Arrange the following steps of the scientific method in the correct order
observation, hypothesis, testing, data, theory
Ideally, control and experimental groups should differ in how many variables?
one
Unicellular organisms are composed of ______, while multicellular organisms are composed of ______.
one cell; many cells
iving things are also called ______, and a group of organisms with the same form and set of attributes is called a(n) ____
organisms, species
In a water molecule (H2O), the _______ atom has a partial negative charge, and the _______ atom has a partial positive charge.
oxygen, hydrogen
When NaCl dissolves in water, Na+ becomes surrounded by the partially negatively charged _______ atoms of water molecules, and Cl- becomes surrounded by the partially positively charged _______ atoms of water molecules.
oxygen, hydrogen
The ______ of a solution is the negative base 10 logarithm of the H+ concentration of the solution.
pH
As acidity increases
pH decreases
is the amino group polar or nonpolar?
polar
is the carbonyl group polar or nonpolar?
polar
is the hydroxyl group polar or nonpolar?
polar
in a water molecule (H2O), each hydrogen atom has a partial ______ charge, and the oxygen atom has a partial _____ charge
positive, negative
While DNA encodes the information for traits of organisms and cells, proteins _____________ are the macromolecules that are directly responsible for the structure and function of cells.
proteins
Van der Waals forces arise when:
random electron movement creates short-lived attractions
The observation, identification, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomenon can be defined as
science
A solution is composed of ______ dissolved in a(n) ______.
solutes; solvent
Solutes dissolved in a solvent form a(n):
solution
Hydrochloric acid is called a(n) _____ acid because it almost completely dissociates into H+ and Cl- when added to water
strong
What carries the information to produce a proteome?
the genome
What happens to the pH of a solution when H+ ions are added to it?
the pH decreases
When a chemical reaction has reached equilibrium,
the rate of the formation of products equals the rate of the formation of reactants
Categorization of species is based on
their relationship to common ancestors
What is a broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is supported by a large body of evidence?
theory
Which of the following statements describe hydrophilic molecules?
they are soluble in water
A molecule is composed of:
two or more atoms bonded together
Most of the chemical reactions that occur in nature involve molecules that are dissolved in _________ , including reactions that occur inside and outside cells.
water
Carbonic acid is called a(n) ______ acid because some of it remains in the H2CO3 state when dissolved in water.
weak
Nitrogen has three unpaired electrons in its outer shell. What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that a nitrogen atom can form with other atoms while still remaining uncharged?
3
A new element found on earth has four unpaired electrons in its outer shell. Predict the maximum number of bonds in which the new element can participate.
4
An oxygen molecule (O2) contains a double bond, in which a total of ______ electrons are shared.
4
How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form with other atoms?
4
in biology, a theory is best described as which of the following?
A general principle that is supported by a vast amount of data
What is a population?
A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same place
What is a species?
A group of related organisms that share a distinctive form and set of attributes
What contributes to water's stability in a liquid state?
A high heat of vaporization A high heat of fusion
hydrogen bond
Bond between atoms with partial positive and partial negative charges
nonpolar covalent bond
Bond in which two atoms share electrons equally
polar covalent bond
Bond in which two atoms share electrons unequally
Genes govern the characteristics of an organism. Each gene is a short segment of a(n)
DNA molecule
Which domain of life includes organisms that have large cells with internal compartments specialized for particular functions?
Eukarya
What are the functions of the genome?
Evolutionary change Storage of information Providing continuity from one generation to the next
Why does ice float in liquid water?
Ice is less dense than liquid water.
What is the proper way to represent the scientific name of a mouse
Mus musculus (italicized)
A base will release _______ ions when dissolved in water
OH
What is the smallest unit of life?
cell
Similar ______make up a tissue, and two or more types of tissue make up a(n) ________
cells, organ
What is biological evolution?
change in a population of organisms over time
The phenomenon of water molecules attracting one another is known as
cohesion
Water does not break up when an insect lands on its surface, a property known as surface tension. What property of water best explains surface tension?
cohesion
NaCl is considered a(n) ______ because it is a molecule composed of two atoms of different elements bonded together.
compound
Ice floats in liquid water because ice has a lower ______ than liquid water.
density
what describes molecules that only have hydrophobic regions.
dissolve well in nonpolar solvents relatively insoluble in water contain many nonpolar covalent bonds
All living organisms contain genetic material that is composed of
dna
Arrange the levels of classification in order. Begin with the largest level
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
A biological community and the physical environment within which it lives together constitute a(n)
ecosystem
What level of organization is formed by interactions of a community of organisms with their physical environment?
ecosystem
If an atom gains or loses a(n) ______, it acquires a net electrical charge and becomes an ion.
electron