BIO EXAM 2019
A person with a genotype of HbSS has sickle cell disease. A person with a genotype of HbAS allele carries the sickle cell trait. A person with a genotype of HbAA does not have sickle cell disease and does not carry the trait. The Punnett square shows the genotype of two people carrying the sickle cell trait.
25%
Which statement describes a difference between a jellyfish and a frog?
A jellyfish lacks vertebrae, whereas a frog has a spinal cord.
A scientist has been tracking and studying a population of deer in Yellowstone National Park. He surveys the population every six months. Usually, the population is thriving and has a gene pool with a wide variety of traits. But during one six-month period, an event occurred that affected the population, and when the scientist returned, the amount of genetic variation had decreased significantly. Which of the following is most likely the event that occurred to change the population?
A population of wolves was introduced into Yellowstone National Park.
What is the main difference between adaptive radiation and other forms of speciation?
Adaptive radiation happens over a relatively short time.
Australopithecus is an ape that lived in trees, but could walk on two feet. How might fossils from Australopithecus provide evidence for evolution?
Australopithecus is a transitional form between apes and humans.
This table contains the characteristics of all major kingdoms. Characteristics of Each Kingdom Domain Kingdom Body type Cell type Bacteria Eubacteria Unicellular Prokaryote Archaea Archaebacteria Unicellular Prokaryote Eukarya Protista Most unicellular Eukaryote Fungi Both Eukaryote Plantae Multicellular Eukaryote Animalia Multicellular Eukaryote Based on the table, which domains contain only one cell type?
Bacteria and Archaea
Josiah says this is a phylogenetic tree of the dinosaurs. Maleek says it is a cladogram of the dinosaurs. Who is correct?
Both are correct.
Which graph represents selection that may lead to reduced variation in a population?
C
The species that is known as a robin in England has a yellow breast, and another species that is known as a robin in the United States has a red breast. Which statement about common names does this fact best exemplify?
Different species can share the same common name.
An organism has the following characteristics: cell wall, heterotrophic, unicellular, and prokaryote. What kingdom does it belong in?
Eubacteria
A population of snakes that eat small rodents enters a new habitat. In the new habitat, there are many species of rodents, and their populations are high because there are few natural predators. What will most likely be the effect on the genetic variation of the snake population?
Genetic variation will increase because of a new habitat and food source.
Why is reproductive isolation required for speciation to occur?
If populations can interbreed, they are considered one species.
Consider the classification levels of a honey bee. Eukarya Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Apis mellifera To which class do honey bees belong?
Insecta
Lactobacillus acidophilus (below) is a probiotic microorganism typically found in the human small intestine. It has a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. It aids in the process of digestion and can commonly be obtained through sources such as acidophilus yogurt. mc019-1.jpg Which characteristic proves Lactobacillus acidophilus is from the specific kingdom Eubacteria?
It has peptidoglycan.
Which best describes traditional classification?
It is based on shared characteristics.
Which statement describes natural selection?
It is the primary mechanism for evolution.
Why are some of Carl Linnaeus's classifications of organisms incorrect?
Linnaeus primarily used physical characteristics.
A teacher says she has identified an organism with these characteristics: eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, and a cell wall made of cellulose. Which kingdom is the teacher describing?
Plantae
Which kingdom is made up of mostly, but not exclusively, unicellular organisms?
Protista
Which kingdom(s) include organisms that are autotrophic or heterotrophic?
Protista and Eubacteria
Why was modern classification invented?
Scientists understood that species share a common ancestor.
Siblings have similar traits because they inherit those traits from a common ancestor. How is this similar to some evidence for evolution?
Similarities can be seen among related organisms, which shows common ancestry.
A student argues that being separated geographically is the only way for speciation to occur. Why is he wrong?
Speciation can occur from biological forces as well.
Why is taxonomy important?
Taxonomy allows a better understanding of relationships among species.
A population of white rabbits and brown rabbits both live in a temperate deciduous forest where the summers are mild and average about 50°F. The winters are often below freezing. If warmer temperatures last longer into the fall and the average temperature in the winter is getting warmer, what do you expect to happen to the population of each color of rabbit?
The brown rabbit population will thrive and reproduce, and the white rabbit population will slowly die out.
In Wisconsin, a very large population of lake trout, in which individuals mate at random, experiences no migration, mutations, nor selective pressure for a number of years. Which of these is most likely to occur in the population?
The gene pool of the population will remain relatively constant.
Which statement best explains why invertebrates often have outer skeletons but vertebrates do not?
The outer skeleton provides protection, since invertebrates do not have backbones.
Julia is trying to place a duckbilled platypus, lizard, bear, and monkey on a phylogenetic tree. She learns that the duckbilled playpus, bear, and monkey are classified as mammals. She also learns that mammals share a common ancestor with reptiles. Which additional piece of information will be most helpful to Julia to properly build her phylogenetic tree?
The platypus lays eggs like a reptile.
What do scientists need to look at before developing an argument?
The validity of data, claims, hypotheses, and observations.
Which two characteristics do all animals have?
Their cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What do gradualism and punctuated equilibrium have in common?
They are both explanations of the rate of evolutionary change.
If two organisms are in the same clade, what can you predict about their relationship?
They share a common ancestor.
What is the value of a transitional fossil?
Transitional forms show the evolutionary steps between species.
Which statement best explains the relationship between HbS allele frequency and malaria endemicity in Africa?
When an area is malaria free, the HbS allele frequency is between 0 and 2.02.
Which is the best definition of a phylogenetic tree?
a branching chart that depicts evolutionary relationship among organisms
population
a group of organisms of the same species that live in an area
species
a group of organisms that breed and produce offspring that can breed
stabilizing selection
a process by which average individuals in a population are favored
disruptive selection
a process by which individuals with either extreme of a trait are favored
Which is the best definition of directional selection?
a process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored
directional selection
a process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored
natural selection
a process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive, reproduce, increase in number, and pass on traits to succeeding generations
What is natural selection?
a process that selects variations that help with survival and that spreads the variations to more offspring
What is a binomial nomenclature?
a two word system for naming organisms by using the genus and species
Stick insects, also called walking sticks, are typically found in tropical and subtropical forests and grasslands. The insects are able to camouflage themselves by living among twigs in their environment.
adaptation
Marsupials, such as kangaroos, koalas, and wombats, are mammals that care for their newborn young in a pouch. All marsupials that are found in Australia are thought to have evolved from a single species that migrated to the island and then adapted to the various niches. What does this example illustrate?
adaptive radiation
Which environmental factor could lead to a decrease in genetic variation in a population of tuna?
an increase in pollution
adaptation
an inherited or learned trait that increases an organism's chance of survival in its environment
adaptation
an inherited or learned trait that increases an organism`s chance of survival in its environment
Which type of anatomic structure are bird wings and butterfly wings when compared to each other?
analogous
Which structures are similar in function, but do not guarantee that the organisms are related?
analogous structures
Which of the following best defines gene flow?
any movement of genes from one population to another
migration
any movement of organisms from one environment to another
Which describes the modern classification system?
based on evolutionary relationships
Biology shows us the fossil record and comparative anatomies. Chemistry shows us that organic molecules can come from inorganic matter. Geology shows us that organisms that used to live together are found on separate continents due to continental drift. Which fields of science provide evidence for evolution?
biology, chemistry, and geology
Which characteristics are used to differentiate between the six kingdoms?
body type, cell type, cell structure, nutrition
Which of the gazelle's naturally selected traits is shown in this picture to be an evolutionary advantage?
coat color for blending in with dry grass
Charles Darwin observed a unique beak size and shape in the finch population of each of the Galapagos Islands that he visited. Which is the most likely cause of the observed variation?
competition among individuals for available food sources
Genetic drift in a population affects the gene pool in which of the following ways?
decrease in genetic variation
A population that is becoming less diverse because of its individuals tending to be larger is most likely experiencing ____ selection.
directional
A population of pigs lives on an island together with burrowing termites. Pigs that have the longest snouts tend to survive better. Over time, most of the pig population is made up of individuals that have very long snouts. This is an example of which type of selection?
directional selection
Which level of classification contains all the others?
domain
Scientists group organisms into kingdoms by looking at specific characteristics. Which is a characteristic of a carrot plant?
eukaryotic
Which scientific area is a major force in shaping modern classification methods?
evolution
Which would least likely be a cause of natural selection?
evolution
Changes in the gene pool can occur due to various mechanisms. From 1892 to 1954, millions of individuals emigrated (moved out) from countries across the Atlantic Ocean to the United States. Many of these individuals entered through Ellis Island, a federal immigration station in New York. Which mechanism affected the gene pool of the immigrants that entered the United States through Ellis Island?
gene flow
Which change in a gene pool is occurring in the image below?
genetic drift
Which term best describes the difference in colors of the birds below?
genetic variation
What is the smallest taxonomic group that contains organisms of different species?
genus
Cardueline finches can be found in many areas of the world, including North America and Asia. Hawaiian honeycreepers, which are found only in Hawaii, have been found to have DNA commonalities with this group of finches that indicate they have a common ancestor. Which mechanism might have led to the appearance of the Hawaiian honeycreeper?
geographical isolation
Animals produce a substance called insulin, which helps them maintain healthy levels of glucose in their blood. Insulin is most directly related to which function?
homeostasis
The ability of an animal to maintain a stable internal environment is called .
homeostasis
Your teacher describes a population of fish that live in a coral reef. Some fish are dark orange (the same color as the coral); other fish are nearly white. Human activity has led to the bleaching of the coral reefs, making them very pale in color. Over time, the population of fish will be affected. Which graph represents the type of selection that you expect to occur?
https://media.edgenuity.com/evresources/3209-09-07/mc023-1.jpg
Which function allows animals to find mates?
movement
Which process drives Darwin's theory of evolution?
natural selection
Which organisms are most likely to survive in a population in which disruptive selection is occurring?
organisms that have extreme traits
Which evidence did Carl Linnaeus use to classify organisms?
physical characteristics
Which type of evidence is least likely to result in changes to a phylogenetic tree?
physical characteristics
Veronica wrote Charles Darwin's main points on the board, but she made a mistake in one point. 1. Since more offspring are produced than an environment can support, organisms within a population must compete for resources to survive. 2. Due to variations within the population, some competitors will be better equipped for survival than others. 3. The best-equipped organisms will survive and will produce well-equipped offspring. 4. Variations that help with survival will be passed on to future generations and will rapidly change the whole population. Which point is flawed as written above?
point 4
Which of the following must occur for speciation to happen?
reproductive isolation
Horses and donkeys can mate, but they produce a mule, which is always a sterile animal. This means that they cannot produce viable offspring and are ____ isolated.
reproductivity
Which group of organisms has the derived characteristics of true tissues, bilateral symmetry, and a pseudocoelom?
roundworms
Dr. Digger, a paleontologist, finds a fossil that he describes in his journal. The creature was approximately 1 meter long, with its backbone fused into a large shell covering the body cavity. It had a beaklike mouth, without teeth, and all four limbs were in the form of flippers. Based on anatomical similarities, to which modern animal is Dr. Digger's creature most closely related?
sea turtle
A scientist is trying to determine how closely related a moth species is to four other moth species. He examined the DNA of each species and compared it to the study subject. He then created this table. Species # of genetic differences Species A 12 Species B 3 Species C 14 Species D 28 Which species is most closely related to the original moth species?
species B
Natural selection is a process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to
survive.
The northern red-legged frog, or Rana aurora, is found along the western coast from British Columbia to Northern California. Their typical breeding season lasts from January to March. The foothill yellow-legged frog, or Rana boylii, is found along the western coast from northern Oregon to central California. Their typical breeding season lasts from April to July. What mechanism might keep Rana aurora and Rana boylii from mating?
temporal isolation
Environmental factors can influence natural selection because they can increase or decrease
the amount of genetic variation in a population.
A scientist discovers a new organism that is related to clownfish. What can the scientist discover by using molecular clocks?
the amount of time that the two species have been evolving apart
Which of the following is the definition for speciation?
the evolutionary process through which new species emerge
speciation
the evolutionary process through which new species emerge
Which of the following could result in speciation from biogeographic isolation?
the isolation of two populations of the same species
genetic drift
the random change in the frequency of an allele in a population
Which of the following is the best definition of biogeographic isolation?
the separation of members of a species through geographical or biological forces
gene pool
the sum of all genetic traits in a population's individuals at any given time
biodiversity
the total variety of organisms that live in the biosphere
gene flow
the transfer of genes from one population to another
Why is it important to classify the millions of species on Earth?
to organize them and speak about them accurately
Wisdom teeth are the third and final set of human molars that come in during the late teens or early twenties. In some cases, these teeth come in without problems, but they often have to be removed due to misalignment in the jaw, as shown below. Removal of the teeth does not cause any long-term complications in regard to eating.
vestigial
Dogs have a reduced nonfunctional digit on their paws known as a dewclaw. What is this an example of?
vestigial structure
