Bio final (3-4)
Viroids are known to infect all types of cells (plant and animal) because they lack a protein coat. True or false?
False
Viruses have to enter eukaryotic cells by endocytosis or if enveloped by fusion with the cells membrane. Virus dna is too unstable to enter a cell naked. True or false?
False
Viroids infect plant cells. True or false?
True
Fungal cell walls are made of _____
chitin
Order the steps of viral infection A. DNA enters host cell "naked" or by endocytosis, or if enveloped, by fusion B. Receptors on the surface of the host cell bind to virus capsid proteins or virus envelope glycoproteins C.Lysis and apoptosis D.Viral genes direct the assembly of the new proteins and genomes
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C
Sections of the lichen algal zone, medulla, lower cortex, upper cortex, rhizinae
1. Upper 2. Algal zone 3. Medulla 4. Lower 5. Rhizinae
Bacterial and archaea differ fundamentally in these areas A. Plasma membrane B. Cell walls C. DNA replication D. Homeostais E. Gene expression
A. Plasma membrane B. Cell walls C. DNA replication E. Gene expression
Vaccines______ A. Stimulate an immune response B. are similar to viroids C. Kill viruses D. are only needed once ever
A. Stimulate an immune response
Which statement is true? A. The nucleoid is an accumulation of prokaryotic DNA B. None of these statements are true C. The nuceloid is newly formed bacterial cell D. The nucleoid is the site of a protien synthesis in prokaryotes
A. The nucleoid is an accumulation of prokaryotic DNA
Bioremediation includes ______ A. The use of prokaryotes to clean up pollutants B. The use of prokaryotes to fix nitrogen C. the use of prokaryotes as natural fertilizers D. all of these
A. The use of prokaryotes to clean up pollutants
Which statement is true? A. Viruses are acellular B. most viruses are easily visualized with a light microscope C. Viruses replicate outside the cell D. a virion contains DNA and RNA
A. Viruses are acellular
Match the protist to it's method of transportation A. Paramecium B. Amoeba C. Euglena cilia, flagellum, pseudopodia
A. cilia (hairs) B. pseudopodia C. flagellum (tail)
The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of________ A. eukaryotic cells B. viruses C. all cells D. prokaryotic cells
A. eukaryotic cells
Complexity and diversity of protists makes them difficult to classify. Match the reason why protists can't be classified as plants, animals. or fungi A. Can't be classified as plants because.... B. Can't be classified as animals because.... C. Can't be classified as fungi because ..... - do not have chitin in their walls - gametes and zygotes are not protected from drying out -do not undergo embryonic development
A. gametes and zygotes are not protected from drying out B. do not undergo embryonic development C. do not have chitin in their walls
Match the symbionts to it's type of symbiotic relationship. A. Dinoflagellate B. African Sleeping Sickness C. Mycorrhizae D. Lichen E. Ringworm parasitic, competitive, mutualistic, commensalistic, predation
A. mutualistic B. parasitic C. mutualistic D. mutualistic E. parasitic
Dinoflagellates_______ A. possess two flagella B. include species that cause malaria C. lack mitochondria D. all are autotrophic
A. possess two flagella
All protists are A) unicellular. B) eukaryotic. C) symbionts. D) mixotrophic.
B) eukaryotic.
Mycorrhizae provided plants (multiple) A. A root system to colonize B. A greater absorptive surface C. Increased a question of mineral nutrients D. Carbohydrates
B. A greater absorptive surface C. Increased a question of mineral nutrients
Bacterial cell walls contain which compound that helps strengthen the structure? A. ATP B. Peptidoglycan C. Amino acids D. RNA
B. Peptidoglycan
Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that most animals derive their nutrition by _____. A. preying on animals B. ingesting it C. consuming living, rather dead, prey D. using enzymes to digest their food
B. ingesting it
What are hyphae used for regarding fungal life? A. None of these answers B. Reproduction C. Absorption D. Parasitism
C. Absorption
These organisms feed like fungi, make spores, and have flagellated cells, but they lack a cell wall A. Chlorophyta B. Smile mold C. Slime mold D. Amoeboids E. Lichen F. Ciliates
C. Slime mold
Which process in Paramecium results in genetic recombination (i.e. genetic variation) but no increase in population size? A. budding B. meiotic division C. conjugation D. binary fission
C. conjugation
Ameoboids use phagolysosomes to... A. engulf food B. expluse excess food C. digest food D. find food
C. digest food
Prokaryotes divide by binary fission and no not reproduce sexually. Therefore, genetic variation is not important. True or false?
False
Protist contain only microscopic, single-celled organisms. True or false?
False
In general, extremophiles belong to which domain life A. Eukarya B. None of these answers C. Bacteria D. Archaea
D. Archaea
What is the main method of prokaryotic reproduction? A. none of these answers B. Both sex and binary fission C. Sexual Reproduction D. Binary Fission
D. Binary Fission
Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between which two organisms? A. None of these answers B. Fungus and plants C. Fungus and birds D. Fungus and photosynthetic mircooragnisms
D. Fungus and photosynthetic mircooragnisms
How did viruses evolve? A. Nucleic acid molecules "escaped" from cells B. They "devolved" from free-living cells C. They begin as self-replicating molecules D. It is still unclear
D. It is still unclear
Which statement is true? A. The process of karyogamy is the first step in fungal sexual reproduction, when two haploid cells fuse with paired nuclei B. The process of meiosis is the first step in fungal sexual reproduction, when two haploid cells fuse with paired nuclei C. The process of germination is the first step in fungal sexual reproduction, when two haploid cells fuse with paired nuclei D. the process of plasmogamy is the first step in fungal sexual reproduction, when two haploid cells fuse with paired nuclei
D. the process of plasmogamy is the first step in fungal sexual reproduction, when two haploid cells fuse with paired nuclei
Prokaryotes stain as Gram-positive or Gram-negative because of the differences in the cell____ A. cytoplasm B. nucleus C. chromosome D. wall
D. wall
Symbiosis refers to the ecological relationship between different species that live in direct contract with each other. Some example(s) of these relationships include .... A. Mutualism B. Commensalism C. Parasitism D. A and B E. B and C F. A and B and C
F. A and B and C
All bacteria are harmful for humans. True or false?
False
______ are unique in that they contain no nucleic acids
Prions
______ reproduction is useful if a protist's environment changes because it allows protists to recombine genes and produce new variations of progeny
Sexual
Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either is to plants. True or false?
True
Fungi are heterotrophs that feed via absorption. True or false?
True
Lichens can look leaf-like. True or false?
True
Prokaryotic metabolism allows for the acquisition of carbon. There are two main forms of acquisition strategies. _____[a]____ get the carbon from inorganic CO2 and ____[b]____ get the carbon from organic molecules
a: autotroph b: heterotroph
In the video called Flu AttackVirus Your Body receptors on the surface of the host bind to virus caped or envelope glycoproteins. To help remember the limitations the virus proteins were called ___a___ and the receptors on the host cell's surface were called ____b_____. Think about houses and cars. How do these inanimated objects make sure no one random can enter?
a: key b: lock
This picture shows a release of _______ from a sporangium at the end of a hypha called sporangiophore
spores
