BIO FINAL

We are "homo sapiens. The first part of our specific name is Homo, what part of the binomial name is this?

genus

Referring to the question above; If the long-haired tamarins are mating more often and fathering more offspring then compared to the non-long-haired tamarins then they are

more biologically fit

Using the binomial system for naming; what is the meaning of "sativa in the binomial name "Cannabis sativa"

specific epithet

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was incorrect about what in evolutiom

1. He thought evolution evolved towards human perfection. 2. Stated that individuals change (due to acclimation), these acquired traits are passed onto their offspring

a population is

A group of individuals that live in the same area and regularly interbreed

Which man has the highest evolutionary fitness?

A man who dies at age 20 after fathering six healthy children.

Still referring to the Phylogeny of Chordata animals; for the clade Primates and Rodents and Rabbits, what is the ancestral trait (symplesiomorphy)?

Amniotic egg

Which time interval was dominated by anaerobic prokaryotic organisms?

Archaeon Era

Which scientist is responsible for bringing uniformity to how we communicate about organisms by proposing the use of the binomial system and rules for the process of naming organisms?

Carolus Linneaus

Over time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by

Evolution

what does the phylogenetic species concept use as the primary criterion for determining species boundaries?

Evolutionary History

Evolution by natural selection means organisms are improved or better over time

False

How many Kingdoms were recognized in 1970s?

Five

Which of the following factors may have influenced the Cambrian explosions

HOX genes

What is the shared derived trait for the clade Primates and Rodents and Rabits?

Hair

What impact did Woese have in the study of biology

He was the first to start using molecular techniques to elucidate relationships (systematic)

Which common misconception about Natural Selection is apparent by the statement "I adapted to the cold temperature in the classroom."

Natural selection does not change individuals

Which time internal is referred to as "the age of fishes and age of mosses and ferns?

Paleozoic era

Earth's history is marked by five mass extinctions. The largest was ___ and was most likely caused by

Permian; climate change

Monophyletic group

Shared trait with no points cut out

We discussed Model 1 in class and in readings, what does it show?

Speciation (genetic isolation and divergence)

Importance to the construction of phylogenetic trees are the traits found in two or more taxa that are present in their most recent common ancestor , but missing in more distant ancestors. What are these derived traits?

Synapomorphy

What was the Cambrian explosion?

The rapid diversification resulting in evolution of all major phyla 541 MYA

modern definition of evolution

change in allele frequencies in a population over time

Which of the following events best illustrates adaptive radiation

a fishless lake is colonized by a single fish species, which over a few thousand years gives rise to several species, each with a series of unique feeding adaptations

Which of the following scenarios involving mutation may cause evolutionary change?

a mutation confers antibiotic resistance in bacteria

A change that an individual may go through over their lifetime that is both a modification of their phenotype (not genotype) and comes about due to changing environmental conditions called

acclimation

A dairy farmer chooses to mate a male bull only with the female heifers that always make the greatest amount of milk, rather than heifers that produce a small amount of milk. What process is the dairy farmer employing when producing the next generation of calves?

artificial selection

Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While studying these creatures, you notice that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. To test the hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males, you should _____.

determine if hair length is heritable

Similar gill pouches in embryos of a chick, human, and cat are an example of _____.

developmental homology

Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution by natural selection was revolutionary because it _____.

dismissed the idea that species are constant and emphasized the importance of variation and change in populations.

When using fossils to study past life, what type of fossils are typically more common

fossils from more recent life forms

What does the biological species concept use as the primary criterion for determining species boundaries?

gene flow

in a population, which of the following terms refers to the hypothetical grouping of all of the alleles from the gametes produced in each generation by the group

gene pool

Dog breeders maintain the purity of breeds by keeping dogs of different breeds apart when they are fertile. This kind of isolation is most similar to which of the following reproductive isolating mechanisms?

habitat isolation

When several lineages share a common trait due to a common ancestry; we refer to this as

homology

Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was terrestrial. Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming. What term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what term best describes the flippers of penguins and seals?

homology; homoplasy

Mutation is the only evolutionary mechanism that _____.

is the ultimate source of variation in natural populations

Under what conditions does the Hardy-Weinberg principle describe the relationship between allele and genotype frequencies

when none of the four evolutionary forces is acting on a population