Unit 5 Exam APWH Part 2

Which of the following was an important long-term demographic impact of the spread of new rice varieties in East Asia during the period circa 600 C.E. to 1200 C.E.?

A rapid increase of East Asian populations

Which of the following accurately describes the effect of the spread of Christianity among most Amerindian societies after 1500 C.E.?

Amerindians maintained local customs by combining indigenous beliefs with elements of Christianity.

Which of the following is a similarity between the Ottoman and Chinese governments during the period 1450-1750 ?

An extensive governmental bureaucracy

Americans today . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products which are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity, and the barriers between American provinces, designed to prevent all exchange of trade, traffic, and understanding." Simón Bolívar, Jamaica Letter, 1815 The quotation above best supports which of the following conclusions about the author's motives for resistance to Spanish colonial rule in Latin America?

Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America.

Which of the following describes an accurate similarity between the Qing and Russian empires in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

Both had vast territories with peoples of various ethnicities and languages.

Total war was no longer a rational option for enemies armed with nuclear weapons. If they were to fight each other, they could only do so in limited wars or through nonnuclear client states. Ironically, then, weapons of total destruction may have rendered total war between major powers obsolete in the late twentieth century." Merry Wiesner-Hanks, world historian, 2004 Which of the following occurrences during the Cold War best supports the main contention of the passage above?

Both the United States and the Soviet Union armed and supported rival countries and factions in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

After the abdication of the last Qing emperor in China in 1912, the new republican government adopted a new national flag (the so-called five-races-together-in-harmony flag) in which five stripes represented the five main ethnic groups: the Han Chinese, the Manchus, the Tibetans, the Uighurs, and the Mongols. The adoption of the new flag is an example of which of the following processes?

Governmental efforts of multinational states to promote a new nationalist identity that would help prevent the emergence of ethnic separatism

Which of the following scientific concepts had the greatest role in providing a justification for imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution

Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic shared by Afro-Eurasian urban centers before 600 C.E.?

Cities served as centers of commercial activity.

The image from Japan during the Meji Restoration best exemplifies which of the following process?

Cultural changes accompanying greater contact with the United STates

A historian researching factors that contributed to the rise of industrial production in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would find which of the following types of sources most helpful?

Data on migration of rural populations to urban areas

Which of the following was the most immediate cause of global economic integration in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century?

Decreases in the cost of long-distance communication and transportation

Adoption of which of the following power sources has contributed the most to increasing the energy available to humans?

Fossil fuels

Letters written by Franciscan friars Pictorial records of the Mexica Statues produced by local artists in New Spain Histories written in Spanish and Nahuatl A historian examining Mesoamerica in the sixteenth century would best utilize the sources above to analyze which of the following topics?

How Christian ideas were communicated to and understood by Amerindians

Which of the following factors contributed most to women gaining the right to vote in industrialized countries between 1914 and 1950 ?

In the First and Second World Wars, women made highly visible contributions to the war effort.

Japan's industrialization during the Meiji period and the Soviet Union's industrialization during the 1920s and 1930s had which of the following characteristics in common?

Industrialization in both countries was achieved largely through state direction rather than through private initiative.

Which of the following was a major long-term effect of Vasco da Gama's voyage to India in the late 1490s?

It led to the integration of European merchants into the Indian Ocean economy.

Which of the following was an important continuity in the social structure of states and empires in the period 600 B.C.E to 1450 C.E.?

Landholding aristocracies tended to be the dominant class.

Which of the following characterized the trans-Saharan trade by 1250 C.E.?

Muslim merchants dominated the trade.

Which of the following regions was LEAST affected by the expansion of European trade networks in the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.?

Oceania

"The evil-disposed in these districts [of England] began to rise, saying, they were too severely oppressed; that at the beginning of the world there were no slaves, and that no one ought to be treated as such. . . . This they would not longer bear, but had determined to be free, and if they labored for their lords, they wanted to be paid for it. A crazy priest in the county of Kent, called John Ball, who for his absurd preaching, had been thrice confined in prison, inflamed those ideas. He would say: 'Are we not all descended from the same parents, Adam and Eve? and what can the lords show, or what reasons give, why they should be more the masters than ourselves?' " Jean Froissart, account of a peasant revolt in England, 1381 The description of the peasant revolt best supports which of the following conclusions?

Peasants used religious beliefs to justify their resistance.

Which of the following was a major effect of the globalization of the world economy during the last decade of the twentieth and the first decade of the twenty-first century?

Rapid economic growth in many countries that lowered trade barriers and increased their participation in global trade

"The immense majority of Mexico's villages and citizens own only the ground on which they stand. They suffer the horrors of poverty without being able to better their social status . . . or without being able to dedicate themselves to industry or agriculture due to the fact that the lands, woods, and water are monopolized by the few." Emiliano Zapata, Plan of Ayala, 1911. The opinion expressed in the passage above is most consistent with which of the following?

Redistributing one-third of the land controlled by large landholders to landless peasants

Which of the following was an important continuity in the history of the Mediterranean region between 400 and 1000 C.E.?

The Byzantine Empire remained a centralized Christian empire in the Mediterranean.

Which of the following contributed the most to the Ottoman Empire's successful expansion in Europe and the Middle East in the period from 1450 to 1600 ?

The Ottomans' adoption of the latest gunpowder and artillery technology

Which of the following contributed the most to the growth of the movement to abolish slavery in the Atlantic world?

The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies

Which of the following was the most immediate effect of the Portuguese establishment of a school for navigation in the 1400s?

The development of overseas trade between West Africa and Europe

Recent years have seen a dramatic shift to the left in the politics of Latin America. This shift . . . has given rise to renewed interest in Che Guevara's ideals of Pan-American unity, anti-imperialism, and humanist socialism. The rather remarkable change in direction of the region's politics has occurred largely in response to the [unpopularity] of the neoliberal agenda of 'free-market' and 'free-trade' capitalism pursued by the United States Government, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and most of the governments of the region." Richard L. Harris, Death of a Revolutionary: Che Guevara's Last Mission, 2000 Which of the following best describes the main argument that Harris is making in the passage above?

The failure of the international community to provide effective economic assistance to Latin America has fueled interest in Guevara's ideas.

In the period 1500 to 1750, the population of the Portuguese colony of Brazil grew rapidly and became predominantly African. Which of the following best explains these demographic changes?

The increase in global demand for cash crops such as sugar

"In countries where there is a great scarcity of money, all other saleable goods, and even the labor of men, are given for less money than [in countries] where money is abundant. Thus we see by experience that in France (where money is scarcer than in Spain) bread, wine, cloth, and labor, are worth much less. And even in Spain, in [recent] times when money was scarcer than it is now, saleable goods and labor were given for much less." Martín de Azpilcueta Navarro, Spanish scholar, treatise, 1556 Navarro's economic observations expressed in the passage above are best understood in the context of which of the following?

The influx of silver from the Americas into the Spanish economy

By 1830 revolutions in the Atlantic world resulted in which of the following changes?

The political independence of colonies in both North and South America

"If anyone steals from a temple or the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death. "If anyone buys from the son or the slave of another man, without witnesses or a contract, silver or gold, . . . he is considered a thief and shall be put to death." Code of Hammurabi, Babylon, circa 1780 B.C.E. The laws cited above are evidence of which of the following in Babylonian society?

The protection of property

Some historians have argued that the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) marks the beginning of the process of decolonization that culminated in the dissolution of European colonial empires after the Second World War. Historians who take this position are likely to place the greatest emphasis on the importance of which of the following in the decolonization process?

The role of the desire for natural rights in independence movements

Which of the following was a significant effect of the Polynesian migrations in the Pacific in the period from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.?

The transfer of domesticated plant and animal species to new islands in the Pacific

The photograph above of German East Africa troops best illustrates which of the following processes during the first World War?

The undermining of European claims to moral superiority as a result of the destructiveness of the first world war

In the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E., merchant diaspora communities, such as those of Muslims in India, Chinese in Southeast Asia, and Jews in the Mediterranean, had which of the following in common?

They generally introduced their own cultural practices into the local cultures

The proletariat [working class] grows together with the growth of capitalism. But the day when power goes over into the hands of the proletariat depends immediately not on the level of the productive forces, but on a series of subjective factors: tradition, initiative, readiness for struggle. In a country which is economically more backward, the proletariat can come to power sooner than in an advanced capitalist country." Leon Trotsky, Russian communist leader, article, 1906 Which of the following best represents the purpose of Trotsky's statement in the passage above?

To argue that Russia is ripe for a socialist revolution, despite being less industrialized than other European countries

"Spirits of Moctezuma, Cuauhtémoc and other Aztec heroes, as once you celebrated that feast before being slaughtered by the treacherous sword of the Spanish conquistadors, so now celebrate this happy moment in which your sons have united to avenge the crimes and outrages committed against you, and to free themselves from the claws of [Spanish] tyranny and fanaticism. To the 12th of August 1521—the day that the chains of our serfdom were fastened—there now succeeds the 14th of September 1813—when these chains are broken forever." José María Morelos, Mexican revolutionary, speech, 1813 Judging from the excerpt above, which of the following was the main purpose of Morelos' speech?

To offer a vision of Mexican history that could be used as a basis for nation building

Which of the following was a major environmental effect of the European establishment of plantation agriculture in the Americas during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

Widespread deforestation and depletion of soil nutrients

"Romantic glorifications of Greece create the impression that the Greeks sought rational solutions . . . actually, far from being devoted to the risks of rationality, the vast majority of the Greeks sought always the safe haven of superstition and the comfort of magic charms." Finley Hooper, historian of ancient Greece, 1967 "I do not believe that the 'Sacred Disease' [epilepsy] is any more divine or sacred than any other disease, but, on the contrary, I believe it has specific demonstrable characteristics and a definite cause." Hippocrates of Kos, Greek physician, circa 350 B.C.E. The passage by Hippocrates weakens Hooper's claim in the first passage by

expressing a mistrust for supernatural causes of medical conditions

The point of view of the author can best be described as

hostile to the peasants

Some world historians have argued that the growth of European influence in the period 1450-1750 was due in large part to non-European inventions. The history of which of the following technological developments best supports this contention?

the compass