bio final

The graph shows how the rate of CO2 assimilation in an CAM plant varies over a 24 hour. At which time would you expect to observe a high rate of Calvin cycle enzyme activity

12:00 noon

which two labeled structures participate in a phosphodiester bond

A and B

suppose atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rise dramatically in the future how do you predict this will affect competition between C3 and C4 plants

C3 plants will outcompete C4 plants since C4 plants must use more energy in the carbon fixation phase of photosynthesis then C3 plants

the protein insulin, which plays a role in blood glucose regulation, is first synthesized... in the figure, ____ represents the process that modified proinsulin to yield insulin

E

which is an example of a nucleotide

O-P-O-P-O-P-O

Gap junctions are specialize component of cells that

Permit coordination between adjacent cells

The central dogma of molecular biology stated that DNA is transcribed into ________, which is translated into protein

RNA

According to the information given, the energy supplied fir this reaction is stored in the chemical ______ of the products

bonds

the anticodon 3-UGI-5 can pair with

both 5-ACC-3 and 5-ACU-3

the activity of oncogenes

both a and c

information will be sent to the brain because of changes in ion concentrations within the neuron. what specific event is most directly responsible for the change in intracellular ion concentrations?

cAMP binding to its gated channel

which represents the order Of the outer layers in some prokaryotes starting at the interior and moving to the exterior

cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, polysaccharide rich phospholipid membrane, capsule

a mutation in ____ can lead to aneuploidy

cohesin

the DNA, the bonding of A with T and bonding of C with G are examples of

complementary bae pairing

mitochondria and plastids are believed to have once been independent organisms because they

contain their own DNA

which treatment of a mouse protein has the potential to cause wither a drastic change or very little change in its tertiary structure

covalent modification of one amino acid

allosteric regulation of an enzyme means that the enzyme may

decrease its activity in the presence of a product of the same or different pathway

which structure makes up part of a plasmodesma

desmotubule

during carbon fixation and corn oxaloacetate is converted to malate, which then moves by _____ from the mesophyll cell to the bundle sheath cell

diffusion

lipids are able to preform all of the following functions except

dissolve polar substances

The ______ theory proposes that some organelles originated when one cell ingested another cell, creating a mutually beneficial relationship

endosymbiosis

The diagram illustrated the early steps in the evolution of eukaryotes according to the theory of

endosymbiosis

This cell uses _______ to move this substance against its concentration gradient

energy

When ADP gains a phosphate to form ATP,

energy is absorbed

the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. the binding of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to the enzyme creates a(n)

enzyme-substrate complex

which human activities do not rely on biodiversity

farming

which sequence of metabolic paths could a carbon atom take to go from a molecule of glucose to a molecule of DNA

glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, amino acid biosynthesis, purine biosynthesis

The ability of living organisms to maintain a constant internal environment is known as

homeostasis

A fish swimming in a shallow pool of water on a hot summer day has a certain amount of protection from becoming too warm. This happens because a large amount of heat energy goes into breaking the _________ between water molecules before additional energy goes into raising the water temperature.

hydrogen bonds

Initiation of translation of an mRNA has begun, then suddenly ceases after about 20 _______ amino acids are detected at the N terminus. When the entire complex- mRNA and ribosome- binds to a specific signal recognition particle on the RER, translation resumes

hydrophobic

The Hershey and Chase blender experiment was designed to

identify the genetic material in the bacteriophage T2

epinephrine stimulates a G protein-mediated cascade within liver cells, resulting in phosporylation of two enzymes: glycogen synthase, which is _______, and glycogen phosphorylase, which is _______. This results in _______ glucose being released to the blood and _______ glycogen being stored

inactivated; activated; more; less

the cell membrane is said to _____ as it folds inward to form a pocket around materials in the environment during phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis

invaginate

The figure illustrates how a __________ responds to an external chemical signal

ion channel

once a phylogenetic tree has been constructed,

it can be modified or enlarged as new evidence warrants

the figure shows a relay signal transduction pathway in a cell. how does adenylyl cyclase become activated so that it can relay the signal during a signal transduction event in this particular pathway

it changes conformation

if the nucleus evolved via a mechanism such as that is shown in the figure, which statement would be true of the nuclear envelope

it consists of two membrane layers

which physical feature of DNA is affected by the pairing of purines with pyrimidines

its width

the ferementation process in vertebrae muscle cells produces

lactic acid

in may eukaryotes, there are repetitive sequences called telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. after successive rounds of DNA replication, the ___ strand becomes shorter. in some cells, an enzyme called ___ repairs the shortened strand

lagging; telomerase

the membrane components that enable a biological membrane to have fluidity are

lipids

The phase this cell is in is most likely

metaphase

The phase this cell is in is most likely (2)

metaphase 1

A cross between two parents that differs by a single trait is called a _________ cross

monohybrid

which statement about chlorophyll is false

most of the chlorophyll in a plant participates in an oxidation-reduction reaction

a nucleotide contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a(n)

nitrogen-containing base

The tendency of atoms in stable molecules to have eight electrons in their outermost shells is known as the

octet rule

which statement corrects an inaccuracy present in the table

only noncyclic photophosphorylation uses water as an electron donor

The study of cellular metabolism in the bacterium escherichia coli has allowed scientists to understand many cellular reactions that take place in human cells as well. This is an example of how biologists use model systems to extend their findings to many different types of

organisms

which is a correct pairing of a substance and the process by which it is transported across cell membranes

pancreatic digestive enzyme by exocytosis

if a protein is placed in urea, it will retain only its

peptide bonds

what is attached to the 5' carbon of deoxyribose in DNA

phosphate

An mRNA molecule with several ribosomes attached to hit is called a _________

polysome

the major drawback of asexual reproduction, as compared with sexual reproduction, is that it

produces less variation among offspring

organisms in archea and bacteria do not typically have cells with membrane enclosed internal compartments; therefore, these organisms are knows as

prokaryotes

The simple device that ensures that we consider all possible combinations of gametes when calculating expected genotype frequencies is known as a ______ square

punnett

Adenine and guanine are bases classified as _______

purines

If a cross is made and a train disappears in the F1 generation, only to reappear in the F2, the trait is probably

recessive

some kinases can affect the activity of an enzyme by the addition of phosphate groups, which can then be removed, much like an "on/off" switch. these modifications are an example of

reversible phosphorylation

what structure or molecules bring(s) tRNA and mRNA together

ribosomes

all of the following are macromolecules except

salt

a mechanism for increasing the generating diversity of offspring is

sexual reproduction

which statement about statistical analysis in science is false

statistical methods are applied to data to definitely prove a hypothesis

which is a difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

the DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not enclosed in a membrane bound nucleus

protein movement within a membrane may be restricted by

the cytoskeleton

cells are characterized by

the enclosure of biological molecules by a membrane

if a mutation changes a G to an A on one strand of a DNA molecule, with a corresponding change in it complement, which attribute of DNA will most likely be affected

the nature of protein-DNA interaction

in a species of mice, short hair is dominant to long hair. if a short haired individual is crossed with a long-haired individual and both short and long hair offspring result, one can conclude,

the short haired individual is heterozygous

which statement best evaluates the accuracy of information presented in the table

the structural descriptions of purines and pyrimidines are reversed

Information transfer in a cell begins with DNA and proceeds to RNA through process A. RNA then proceeds through process B to produce polypeptides. Process A is called

transcription

The process b which an RNA molecule is synthesized from a FNA template is called

transcription

The process by which and RNA nucleotide sequence is read to make a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called

translation

choose the correct order of the following four events in the excision repair of DNA

2, 4, 3, 1

mendel preformed a cross between two individuals, each heterozygous for 3 different traits... of 64 offspring, how many have wrinkled ,purple flowers, and dwarf stems?

27

a species of fish has a diploid chromosome number of 36. haw many different types of gametes can be produced from meiosis in a diploid individual with just independent assortment (no crossing over)

2^18

six complete cycles of PCR should result in a _____-fold increase in the amount of DNA

64

This table is summarizing inputs and outputs of the Calvin Cycle is missing an input. The missing molecule is

NADPH

organisms regulate certain metabolic enzymes in cells in order to maintain

a balance between catabolism and anabolism

which molecule(s) shuttle(s) between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells in C4 plants during carbon fixation

a four-carbon molecule and a three-carbon molecule

a species consists of

a group of individuals of the same type of organism that share a common genome

cellulose is

a structural organic compund

which is not a characteristic of most living organisms

ability to change traits according to need

all of the following can result in the misfolding of a protein except

addition of chaperones

As shown in box B, the process of cell _________ results from the strong linkage of two membrane-embedded molecules from two diff cells

adhesion

which statement is one of the tenets of cell theory

all cells come from preexisting cells