Bio Final
Salt and water would have a pH of
7
Something which neutralizes Hydrogen ions in a solution is
A base
Proteins are made of building blocks called
Amino acids
A substance with a pH of 6.4 is
An acid
Towards the front
Anterior
Where would you find a condyloid joint
At the base of the fingers
Which of these has a pH greater than 7
Bile
Which best describes cardiac muscle
Branched
Which of the following need energy to accomplish
Bulk transport
Inorganic chemicals would not contain
Carbon and Hydrogen
Carrier proteins are used in which of the following
Diffusion
-System containing esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas -Primarily responsible for getting nutrients into the bloodstream
Digestive system
Far away from the point of origin
Distal
Area along the backbone
Dorsal
The particle with the negative charge is the
Electron
-System that contains pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, thymus....etc. -Produce hormones to control homoeostasis of the body levels
Endocrine system
Bulk movement of large molecules into the cell is called ________________
Endocytosis
Which part of the skin has sweat glands in it
Epidermis
Which part of the skin has the melanocytes
Epidermis
Which of the following statements about epithelial tissue is true
Epithelial tissues are tightly packed together
Increasing the angle of a joint
Extension
T or F: An adult who has all of their teeth has (16) molars
False; 12
T or F: There are (7) thoracic vertebrae
False; 12
T or F: Movement of the body part in a complete circle is called (rotation)
False; circumduction
T or F: The long shaft of long bones is called the (epiphysis)
False; diaphysis
T or F: Most digestion is completed in the (ileum)
False; duodenum
T or F: The most stretchy connective tissue fiber is a(n) (collagenous) fiber
False; elastin
T or F: A cut which has no bleeding would have penetrated the (dermis)
False; epidermis
T or F: The fastest dividing off all tissues is (connective tissue)
False; epithelial
T or F: The liver stores extra energy as a carbohydrate called (glucose)
False; glycogen
T or F: Teeth that grind up food are the bicuspids
False; molars
T or F: Bone eating cells are called (osteoblast)
False; osteoclasts
T or F: Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach which begins digestion of (fats)
False; proteins
T or F: Simple columnar tissue has cilia on its surface
False; pseudostratified
T or F: Tissue which makes red blood cells is called (yellow) marrow
False; red
T or F: Acne results from a clogged (sweat) gland
False; sebaceous
T or F: Muscle tissue with long parallel fibers is (cardiac) muscle
False; skeletal
T or F: The epidermis is made of (simple cuboidal) epithelium
False; stratified squamous
T or F: Turning the palm of the hand upward is called (pronation)
False; supination
T or F: The fluid which lubricates joints is called (serous) fluid
False; synovial
T or F: (Skeletal) muscles have no striations
Fasle; visceral
A person who has their gallbladder removed would have to watch their intake of
Fats
The largest single bone is the body is the
Femur
The tissue you would find in the vertebral discs of the backbone is
Fibrocartilage
Separating the body into anterior and posterior portions
Frontal
A molecule that cells use for energy is
Glucose
Enzymes that need to be secreted outside the cell would be packaged by the
Golgi apparatus
The roof of the mouth that has ridges on it is called the
Hard palate
Articular cartilage is
Hyaline cartilage
The type of bond where Hydrogen atoms are attracted to an Oxygen or Nitrogen in another compound is
Hydrogen bond
A solution which causes water to leave the cell is called
Hypertonic
Muscles increasing in size due to excessive use is called
Hypertrophy
Which layer insulates the body from loss of heat
Hypodermis
Which part of the skin has adipose tissue
Hypodermis
Which part of the skin is the most vascular (blood supply)
Hypodermis
Teeth that bite through things
Incisors
Below, farther down
Inferior
The end of the muscle attached to a moveable part of the skeleton is called
Insertion
-Includes the skin, nails, hair, and membranes -Protects the body from drying out, infections, and uv radiation -Plays a key role in regulating body temperature
Integumentary System
Turing the sole of the foot towards the medial plane is called
Inversion
RNA is different from DNA, because RNA
Is single stranded
When the concentration of solutes is equal to that of the cells, the solution is called ____________
Isotonic
Most of the absorption of nutrients takes place in the
Jejunum
Which of the following make skin waterproof
Keratin
Tiny holes in the cartilage where the living cells reside are caled
Lacunae
Towards the sides; away from the middle
Lateral
What tissue connects bone to bone
Ligaments
Fats belong to the group
Lipids
Smooth ER makes
Lipids
Bile is produced by the
Liver
Which of the following is not a function of HCl in the stomach
Lubricating food
-Contains vessels, nodes, and organs like the tonsils and spleen -Responsible for cleaning the blood of dead cells and debris -Fights infecting organisms
Lymphatic system
"Little packets of digestive enzymes" would best describe
Lysosomes
Towards the middle
Medial
Which of the following makes hair dark
Melanin
The source of ATP for the cell is the
Mitochondria
The alimentary (digestive) canal is lined with __________ to protect and lubricate
Mucus
Which type of membrane has the thickest, stickiest fluid secreted from it
Mucus
Which type of membrane is found on body cavities with openings to the outside
Mucus
-Includes muscles attached to bones (biceps, triceps, ...etc.) -Responsible for movement of the body -Creates most of the body's heat
Muscular system
When an atom gains an electron is becomes a(n)
Negative ion
-Contains the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves -Influences that homeostatic levels of all the other systems -Sends info to and from parts of the body
Nervous system
Which is a component of all nucleic acids
Nitrogenous bases
Any cut that isn't the other three, ex: diagonal
Oblique
Why are skin cells, hair cells, and fingernail cells dead
Once they grow out of the root, they are dead
The process of bone building is called
Ossification
Bone building cells are called
Osteoblasts
Which molecule would be able to pass directly between the units of the cell membrane
Oxygen
Towards the feet
Pedal
Bones are covered with a thin membrane called
Periosteum
Around the edges
Peripheral
The cell membrane is made mostly of
Phospholipid
Describe origin
Point of attachment to the skeleton that WILL NOT move when muscles contract
Describe insertion
Point of attachment to the skeleton that WILL move when muscles contracts
_______________ fats are thin liquid at room temp. and are considered to be the healthiest of all fats
Polyunsaturated
Towards the back
Posterior
Describe the main digestive function of the large intestine
Produce enzymes and store energy from the food we eat
Describe the main digestive function of the small intestine
Produce enzymes to help in the chemical digestion of food
Near the point of reference
Proximal
-Contains ovaries, testes, uterus, etc. -Responsible for producing gametes
Reproductive system
-System containing the larynx, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm -Responsible for getting oxygen to the bloodstream -Responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the blood
Respiratory system
The part of the cell involved in making proteins
Rough ER
Separating the body into left and right portions
Sagittal
Better known as the "groin muscle" is the
Sartorius
If a fatty acid chain that has no double bonds, it is said to be
Saturated
Describe the main digestive function of the stomach
Secrete gastric juices to help chemically alter food also to mix and mash food into the paste called chyme
A membrane that allows some thins to pass through, but not others is said to be
Selectively permeable
Which type of membrane is found on body cavities with no openings to the outside
Serous
The stomach is lined with
Simple columnar tissue
The glandular portion of salivary glands would be made of
Simple cuboidal tissue
Air sacs of the lungs and walls of the capillaries are lined with
Simple squamous tissue
The simplest of all the carbohydrates are called
Simple sugars
Which type of muscle has multiple nuclei
Skeletal
Which type of muscle is voluntary
Skeletal muscle
-System controlling all of the bones -Protects softer parts of the body -Produces the body's blood cells
Skeletal system
What type of muscle would you find in the blood vessels
Smooth
Which type of muscle has no striations
Smooth
Red marrow is found in the
Spongy bone
Saliva contains enzymes to begin digestion of
Starches
The epidermis of the skin is made of
Stratified squamous tissue
The simplest of the carbohydrates is
Sugars
On the surface, shallow
Superficial
Above, higher up
Superior
Which type of membrane surrounds the joints
Synovial
What tissue connects muscle to bone
Tendons
Where would you find elastic cartilage
The external portions of the ear
Describe a hypotonic solution and describe its water movement and what will happen when a cell is placed into it
The salt concentration in the cell is greater than the surrounding water -Water goes into cells -Cells expand and burst as a result
What is the main function of a lysosome
-"Cleaners of the cell" -Contains enzymes to break up unwanted materials
Villi
-Are found in the small intestine -Increase surface area for absorption -Are filled with blood vessels **********All of these********
Describe osteoblasts
-Bone builders -Secrete mineral salts that harden to form new bone, called ossification
Describe osteoclasts
-Bone removers -Secrete acids to dissolve bony matrix -Useful for keeping Ca+ ions levels stable
Describe connective tissue and describe its structure, cell division rate, and functions
-Cells are very far away from each other, intercellular space is filled with non-living material called matrix -Slow cell division rate -Bind structures together, provide support and protection, store materials, repair damage
A muscle is
-Contractible -Flexible -Elastic ***************All of these***************
Which part of the skin has keratin
-Epidermis -Dermis -Hypodermis *************All of these****************
Explain synovial membrane and list where it is found, what type of fluids they produce, and what type of tissue they are made of
-Form inner lining of joints between the bones (ex: knee elbow) -Made of cuboidal epithelium and dense connective tissue -Produce synovial fluid to lubricate joints between bones
Epiphyseal discs are
-Found in the ends of long bones -Made of cartilage -The area where secondary growth occurs *************All of these******************
What is the main function of the rough ER
-Has ribosomes attached, creates proteins
Explain serous membrane and list where it is found, what type of fluids they produce, and what type of tissue they are made of
-Line body cavities with no openings to the outside (ex: thoracic cavity) -Made of simple squamous epithelium and loose connective tissue -Produce a thin watery fluid to keep organs moist and pliable
Explain mucus membrane and list where it is found, what type of fluids they produce, and what type of tissue they are made of
-Line cavities with openings to the outside (ex: nasal, oral) -Made of columnar epithelial and loose connective tissue -Produce mucus to lubricate and catch germs and debris
Describe muscular tissue and describe its structure, cell division rate, and functions
-Made up of long cells called muscle fibers -Slow cell division rate -Main function is creation of movement of body parts -Produce body heat
Describe nervous tissue and describe its structure, cell division rate, and functions
-Made up of two types of cells - neurons and neurological cells -Slow or no cell division - tissue damage could be permanent -Communicate with other tissues to regulate body functions
What is the main function of the smooth ER
-No ribosomes, creates lipids
Describe epithelial tissue and describe its structure, cell division rate, and functions
-Packed tightly together -Rapid cell division (fastest) -Involved in protection, absorption, excretion, and secretion
What is the main function of the golgi apparatus
-Packing and shipping materials out of the cell
What is the main function of the mitochondria
-Power house of the cell -Site of cellular respiration where glucose is combined with oxygen to make ATP
Which type of muscles creates movement
-Skeletal -Smooth -Cardiac *************All of these**************
Which type of muscle is involuntary
-Smooth -Cardiac -Visceral *************All of these************
Explain what the body uses proteins for
1. Antibodies - fight off infections 2. Growth and repair of tissues
Explain what the body uses carbohydrates for
1. Primary source of energy 2. There are two types: simple carbs and complex carbs -simple are for short bursts of energy -complex are for longer bursts of energy
Explain what the body uses fats for
1. insulation 2. Secondary source of energy
Atoms of two elements bonded together form
A compound
A cell that creates mucus is called
A goblet cell
Water has the ability to retain its temperature because is has
A high specific heat
The elbow is an example of
A hinge joint
A large nerve cells which sends messages is called
A neuron
Moving a body part away from the center of the body is called
Abduction
Substances which release H+ ions in a solution are called
Acids
__________ transport causes molecules to move against the concentration gradient
Active
-Contains the heart and blood vessels of the body -Responsible for transportation of materials to and from cells of the body
Cardiovascular system
Towards the tail/tailbone area
Caudal
In the center
Central
What is the proper name for cartilage cells
Chondrocytes
The most common protein in the body
Collagen
_____________ is a carbohydrate made up of a long chain of sugars that can provide long term energy
Complex carbs
The bond between two non-metals where electrons are shared
Covalent bond
The function of the epithelial cells is to
Cover body surfaces
Near the head, towards
Cranial/cephalic
The enzyme renin
Curdles the protein casein found in milk
Teeth that are for tearing meat off of a bone are called
Cuspids
Which membrane is better known as skin
Cutaneous
Inside/internal, away from the surface
Deep
What type of connective tissue is a ligament made of
Dense connective tissue
Describe a isotonic solution and describe its water movement and what will happen when a cell is places into them
The salt concentration is equal inside and outside the cell -Cells remain unchanged
Describe a hypertonic solution and describe its water movement and what will happen when a cell is places into them
The salt concentration outside is greater than the salt concentration inside the cell -Water leaves the cell -Cells shrink and die as a result
Slight muscle contraction for posture and balance is called
Tonus
The urinary bladder is made of
Transitional tissue
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions
Transverse
T or F: (Cuboidal) epithelium is usually found in glands
True
T or F: (Smooth) muscle can remain contracted for the longest time without fatiguing
True
T or F: A circular muscle which prevent food from moving farther in the digestive system is called a sphincter
True
T or F: Adults have (206) total bones in the body
True
T or F: Food in the stomach is turned into a liquid called chyme
True
T or F: Food moves through the digestive system with rhythmic contractions called (peristalsis)
True
T or F: Sutures in the cranium are examples of (fixed) joints
True
T or F: Sweat contains water, salts, and (nitrogen) waste
True
T or F: The fluid found in the joints is called (synovial) fluid
True
T or F: The matrix of blood is called (plasma)
True
T or F: The proper name for a bone cell is a(n) (osteocyte)
True
T or F: The region of the fingernail where most growth takes place is called the (lunula)
True
T or F: The region of the hair shaft which contains living cells is called the hair (root)
True
T or F: The strongest contractions come from (skeletal) muscle
True
T or F: The thicker muscle fibers are made of the protein (myosin)
True
T or F: There are (10) pairs of attached ribs
True
-Contains kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra -Filters and removes nitrogen containing wastes from the blood -Regulates water and salt levels
Urinary system
Near the vent (belly button)
Ventral
By mass, the compound that makes up the largest % of the human body is
Water
Describe the main digestive function of the mouth
Where digestion starts and it helps break the food into smaller pieces that are easier for digestion
The ____________ is an example of a gliding joint
Wrist
