Bio final
All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed pea and an orange-eyed pea have black eyes. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between two orange-eyed peas?
0 black-eyed: 4 orange-eyed
The recessive allele of a gene causes cystic fibrosis. For this gene among Caucasians P= 0.98. If a Caucasian population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to this gene, what proportion of babies is born homozygous recessive, and therefore surfers suffers cystic fibrosis?
0.02^2= 0.0004
How many types of amino acids are there
20
The atmosphere is made up of about____oxygen
20-22%
The instructions for each amino acid in a polypeptide are indicated by a codon that consists of____nucleotide(s)
3
A food label indicates that the content of a product contains 12 g of total carbohydrates per serving, 7 g of sugar per serving (simple carbohydrates), and 2 g of fiber per serving. How many grams of digestible carbohydrates are there per serving?
3 grams
A teenage male this is regularly exercising might need about____calories a day
3,000
A DNA molecule that consists of 20% Adenine will consist of:
30% Guanine
A section of a 15-nucleotide sequence will direct the production of...
5 amino acids
What is the chance that a two hybrid brown eyed parents have a child with hybrid brown eyes
50%
What is the probability that a heterozygous male and a heterozygous female will have male child
50%
How many essential nutrients does the body require
6
How many amino acids is a human body need from food
8
A what time period is an embryo now called a fetus
9 weeks
What occurs during gastrulation
A blastula is changed into an embryo that has three tissue layers
A monohybrid cross is
A breeding experiment in which the parental varieties differ in only one character
A population is...
A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed
Which is an example of a population?
A group of termites living in a person's house
A test cross is
A mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait of interest
Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called
A mutation
Which of the following statements about ribosomes is false
A ribosome can be found in the cytoplasm or on the smooth ER
An alimentary canal is best defined as
A tube-shaped compartment for the transport, digestion, and absorption of food
The shape of a DNA molecule is most like
A twisted rope ladder
What is the septum?
A wall that seperates the heart into a left and right side
What disorder is caused by the dominant allele
Achondroplasia
Which is not a part of systemic circulation
Alveoil capillaries
Which of the following options correctly lists the directions of the carbon dioxide travels as it leaves the body?
Alvoil, bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx
Which of the following statements regarding genotypes are phenotypes is false
An organism with two different alleles for a single trait is said to be homozygous for that trait
Which statement about anemia is false
Anemia is a buildup if carbon dioxide in the blood
Corn, peppers, tomatoes, ans cucumbers all contain seeds and are derived from the ovary of a flowering plant. Therefore, in botanical terms, they are____
Angiosperms
The majority of plant species today are
Angiosperms
In angiosperms, pollen grains develop in the____and land on the____
Anther..stigma
From the left ventricle, blood flows through the
Aorta
What is the largest artery in the body
Aorta
If the age of the Earth os reoresented by 1 year (Jan 1-Dec31-) what staement would be correct?
Apes would show up a few days before humans
Research since Mendel's time has established that the law of segregation of genes during gamete formation
Applies to all sexually reproducing organisms
Reproductive systems with external fertilization are most common in
Aquatic animals
The female structure that produces eggs in ferns is called the:
Archegonium
Plants that rely on nocturnal pollinators most likely have flowers that
Are large, light-colored, and highly scented
A person has a bacterial infection which causes a mutation in some of their cells. This is caused by a:
Bio mutagen
Which of the following disciplines has found evidence for evolution based on the native distribution (locations) of living species?
Biogeography
Which is true about blood circulation in fish?
Blood flow through closed vessels
Digestion is
Breaking down food into molecules for the body to absorb
What part of the respiratory system is most affected by asthma?
Bronchioles
What structures has cartilage rings to help support it?
Bronchus
Which is true about the essential amino acid
Can be found in animals and plants products
What gas does the brain measure to cause the diaphragm to move?
Carbon dioxide
The function of a sperm cell's acrosome is to
Carry enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg
Which of the following is a function of the tRNA molecule
Carrying one specific type of amino acid
What part of the female reproductive tract is measured during dilation
Cervix
Which of the following events occurs first during embryonic development
Cleavage
A person with AB blood illustrates the principle of
Codominance
The expression of both alleles for a trait in a heterozygous individual illustrates
Codominance
Which blood vessel has the thickest walls
Coronary artery
Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component
DNA --> RNA --> protein
What did not contribute to Darwins idea of all evolution when he wrote his book?
DNA comparison of animals
Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false
DNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil
Dr. Smith's parents have normal hearing. However, Dr. Smith has an inherited form of deafness. Deafness is a recessive trait that is associated with the abnormal allele d. The normal allele at this locus, associated with normal hearing, is D. Dr. Smith's parents could have which of the following genotypes.
Dd and Dd
A rabbit population consists of animals that are either very dark on top or very late on top. The color pattern is not related to sex. No rabbit shows intermediate correlation (medium darkness). This pattern might result from...
Disruptive selection
Which of the following statements would Darwin have disagreed with?
Dissent with modification occurs through mutations only
What level of classification was not created by Linneaus
Domain
All the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed pea and an orange-eyed pea have black eyes. This means the allele for black eyes is____the allele for orange eyes.
Dominant to
What is the first part of the small intestines
Duodenum
Mendel's law of independent assortment states that
Each pair of alleles segregated independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation
Liles book "principles of geology", argued in favor over to the following concepts?
Earths surface is shaped natural forces that act gradually and are still acting.
The embryo implants in the____of the uterus
Endometrium
After being produced in the testes, sperm mature further in a structure called the
Epididymis
Which is not a function of the ciculatory system?
Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoil
Which of the following statements about eukaryotic RNA is true
Exons are spliced together
Which of the following hormones simulates the growth of an ovarian follicle
FSH
Which of the following nutrients would lipase break down
Fats
Someone brings you a plant and you see that it produces spores ans has vascular tissue. It most likely is a:
Fern
Which of the following statements regarding ferns is true
Ferns have well developed vascualr tissue, roots, and stems
Blood clots are formed by platelets amd the plasma protein
Fibrin
Which is not part of fern plant
Filament
What part of the ovary are the eggs released from
Follicle
What makes up chyme
Food mixed with pepsin and hydrochloric acid
If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, then DNA polymerase would add____during replication
GCCATG
The dominant stage of the moss life cycle is the
Gametophyte
Hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and mucus makes up____
Gastric juice
Two populations of the cc are separated by 1000 miles. What would cause a gene pools of these population to become more similar over time?
Gene flow
What type of cell from the pollen grain will develop into sperm
Generative cell
The individual features of all organisms are the result of
Genetics and the environment
Which of the following options list taxonomic category in the correct order from most specific (smallest) and most general
Genus, family, order, class, phylum, domain
Which group of plants can grow to be the tallest
Gymnosperms
Which produces seeds
Gymnosperms and angiosperms
Ferns and mosses are similar because both
Have sperm with flagella
Two plants with the genotype TT and Tt
Have the same phenotype
The oxygen-carrying component in red blood cells is
Hemoglobin
Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages
Hershey and chase
A carrier of a genetic disorder who does not show symptoms is most likely to be____to transmit it to offspring
Heterozygous for the trait and able
Which two parents could not biologically produce a child that is recessive for a particular trait
Homozygous dominant and hybrid
Where do transcription amd translation occur in prokaryotic cells
In the cytoplasm
Imagine that the beak color in a finch species is controlled by a single gene. You mate a finch homozygous for orange (pigmented) beak with a finch homozygous for ivory (unpigmented) beak and get numerous offspring, all of which have a light orange beak. This pattern of color expression is most likely to be an example of
Incomplete dominance
All the offspring of a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant have pink flowers. This means that the allele for the red flowers is____to the allele for white flowers
Incompletely dominant
What hormone does the pancreas release that helps glucose enter the cell
Insulin
Menstruation____
Involves the breakdown of the endometrium
Any gene located on a sex chromosome
Is called a sex-linked gene
Which of the following would prevent an organism from becoming part of the fossil record when it dies?
It is fully decompose by bacteria and fungi
What level of classification would contain the highest amount of different species?
Kingdom
Absorption of water is a major function of the
Large intestines
Where would your vocal cords be found
Larynx
What chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?
Left ventricle
What are white blood cells also known as?
Leukocytes
What enzyme seals up the sugar-phosphate back bone during replication
Ligase
Which of the following nutrients is digested only after reaches the small intestine
Lipid
What nutrient is used for the components of hormones needed made in our bodies
Lipids
The mucus-producing cells that line the stomach
Lubricate and protect the stomach lining
What part of the menstrual cycle is progesterone the highest
Luteal phase
Which part of the life cycle does a pollen grain represent
Male gametophye
Sex-linked conditions are more common in men than in women because
Men need to inherit only one copy of the recessive allele for the condition to be fully expressed
Which of the following statements comparing spermatogenesis and oogenesis is true
Men, but not women, can produce gametes from puberty and continue throughout their lives
The stage in live in which a female stops releasing egg each month is referred to as:
Menopause
Which would be caused by a gene flow between population?
Migration
Sickle cell anemia is a disorder caused by a substitution mutation called:
Missense mutation
Which is not a domain?
Monera
Which of the following structures develops from the mesoderm
Muscles and organs
Which of the following will tend to produce adaptive changes in population?
Natural selection
Which of the following is produced in the pancreas
Nucleases
The monomers of DNA and RNA are
Nucleotides
What happens to nutrient macromolecules (large molecules) in an animals digestive tract
Nutrient macromolecules are digested into monomers before absorption
When a virus infects bacteria, which parts of the virus enters the cytoplasm
Only the DNA
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
Oral cavity
Which of the following correctly list the order of the parts of the human digestive system, from first to last contact with food matter?
Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
How do bryophytes get water to their cells
Osmosis
The____is the protective chamber that houses the ovuke and later matures to become the fruit
Ovary
Fertilization in the female reproductive tract typically occurs in the
Oviduct
Contractions in uterine smooth muscle during labor are initiated by
Oxytocin
The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in a population that is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is equal to
P^2
What which represents the correct way to write a scientific name?
Panthera leo
Which product is not made in the pancreas
Pepsin
Every spring roses appear on a bush in the park. These angiosperms are:
Perennials
Smooth muscle move food through the alimentary canal by process called
Peristalsis
In plants, the vascuaor tissue that consists of living cells that distribute food/ sugars throughout the plant is called
Phloem
Which represents a nucleotide of RNA
Phosphate, ribose, uracil
Which of the following plants has a dominant sporophyte generation and a seed, but no fruit
Pine tree
What part of the body is responsible for producing LH and FSH
Pituitary gland
Which is not a part of the plasma component in blood?
Platelets
What type of cone is found lower on the gymnosperms and is smaller in size
Pollen cone
Which of the following terms refers to a situation where a single phenotypic character is determined by the additive effects of two or more genes
Polygenic inheritance
Another term for gestation is
Pregnancy
Which of the following characteristics prevents bryophytes and seedless vascular plants to succed in dry habbitats
Presence of flagellated sperm
Which of the following describes apoptosis
Programmed cell death
Which of the following statements is false
Prokaryotes do not go through DNA replication because they do not have a nucleus
Where does polymerase attach during transcription
Promoter
What vessel does blow flow through to get from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmomary artery
What structure would contain blood without oxygen in it
Pulmonary artery
Which of the following processes dominates the third trimester of human development
Rapid growth
What color is blood that does not have oxygen
Red
DNA replication
Results in identical strands, each with an original parent stand and a new strand
A moss plant stays anchored to the ground due to:
Rhizoids
When do LH levels shoot up during a female's menstrual cycle
Right before ovulation
Blood is pumped from the heart to lungs by the
Right ventricle
The tongue does all the following except
Secrete saliva
What structures add fluid and nutrients to sperm
Seminal vesicle and prostate gland
What disorder is an example of pleiotropy
Sickle cell disease
Whee does trypsin break down nutrients
Small intestines
Human testes are positioned in an external sac rather than in the abdominal cavity
So the testes can be kept cooler than the body's interior
What does the last word in a scientific name represent?
Species
Which structure is found in angiosperms but not gymnosperms
Spores
And elk herd is observed over many generations. most of the full grown bull elk have antlers of nearky the same size, although few have antlers that are significantly larger or smaller than the average size. The average antler size remains constant over generations. which of the following accounts for the situation?
Stabilizing selection
To cross-fertilize flowers A and B, one would first removoe flower A's immature____and later transfer pollen from flower B to flower A's____
Stamens...stigma
What sections make up the pistil
Stigma, style, ovary
What is the stem of the fern referred to as
Stipe
Gas exchange is im most land plants occurs through structures called
Stomata
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Store extra bile produced by the liver
Competition between organisms also referred to as:
Struggle for existence
In humans, blood returning from the hand will pass through the____just before entering the right atrium
Superior vena cava
The science of classifying organisms into groups is called:
Taxonomy
What are the male gonads
Testes
Which of the following regarding a DNA double helix is always true?
The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is eqaul to the amount of cytosine
Which of the following would not have valves throughout it
The aorta
What is between the left atrium and the left ventricle
The bicuspid valve
Which statement regarding veins is false
The blood in veins usually contains oxygen
Genetic drift resulting from a disaster that drastically reduces population size is called
The bottleneck effect
In a popularion of red wildflowers, and white wildflowers thenfrequency of the allele for red flowers is 0.8. Using this information what cannot be determined?
The color that represents the dominant allele
Which of the following takes place during translation
The conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins
Which of the following statements about the reproductive system of human females is true
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which helps maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy
Consider the following sentence: "The dog did not eat." Which of the following variations of this sentence is most like a base substitution mutation
The doe did not eat
The incomplete decay of dead plants during the carboniferous period led to
The formation of coal
What would be true about the genotype X^nY
The mother of this individual has at least one recessive allele
What is the heart muscle called
The myocardium
What does a dihybrid cross show
The possible outcomes between 2 different characters
Which of the following represents a pair of homolygous structures?
The wing of a bat and the flipper of a whale
Which statement about capillaries is false
They contain valves
Which is not an example of a bryophyte
Toadworts
What type of respiratory exchange surface would be found in insects such as grasshoppers
Tracheal
The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called
Transcription
Which of the following statements regarding the flow of genetic information is false
Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
The esophagus is a
Tube that food passes through to get from the pharynx to the stomach
What example would have organisms the most closely related?
Two organisms in the same genus
Which statement is FALSE regarding the male reproductive system
Urine and sperm travel through the vas deferens to the urethra
What tube would only sperm travel through
Vas deferens
A nutrient with the chemical formula C17H20N4O6 is needed in small amounts. This is a:
Vitamin
What would urine pass through in a female
Vulva
Who developed a theory of evolution almost identical to Darwins?
Wallace
What nutrient makes up the majority of our blood and lymph vessels
Water
What nutrients do not need to be digested
Water and vitamins
What type of vitamins cannot be stored in the body
Water soluble vitamins
In plants, the vascualr tissue made of dead cells that transport water and minerals from the roots is called
Xylem
Which of the following options correctly represents the sequence in which animals develop
Zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, organ formation
What contains the information for the amino acids needed to build a protein
mRNA
Imagine you are studying a very large population of moths that is isolated from all other moths in the world. A single gene controls wing color. Half of the moths have white-spotted wings (genotype Ww or WW) and half of the moths have plain brown wings (ww). There are no new mutations, individuals mate randomly, amd rhere is no natural selection on wing color. How will p, the frequency of the dominant allele, change over time?
p aill noether increase nor decrease; it will remain more or less constant under the conditions described.