bio midterm 3
If you add radioactively labelled DNA nucleotides to cells in G1, what would you expect to be radioactively labelled in G2?
1 strand of labelled DNA and 1 strand of unlabelled DNA per DNA molecule
A newly discovered diploid species of bird has a diploid number of 58. How many DNA molecules does it have in G2?
116
A newly discovered diploid insect species has a total of 24 chromosomes in its somatic (body) cells. What is the insect's haploid number? What is the insect's diploid number? How many DNA molecules are present in a body cell in G1? How many DNA molecules are present in a body cell in G2?
12 24 24 48
A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. How many picograms would be found at the end of S and the end of G2?
16; 16
one molecule of NADH is reduced in pyruvate processing per pyruvate molecule. How many molecules of NADH are reduced in pyruvate processing per glucose molecule
2
If the haploid number of an organism is 18, then what is it's diploid number?
36
If one strand of DNA has the following sequence: 5' ATTGC 3' what is the other complementary strand sequence
5' GCAAT 3'
A newly discovered diploid species of fish has a haploid number of 13. How many DNA molecules does it have in G2?
52
Which of the following is the formula for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Which of the following is the formula for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy ---> C6H12O6 +6O2
how many nucleotides make up the molecule of DNA pictured below ? (labeled 1-10, called cytosine)
8
What is the difference between a cell in G2 just before mitosis and a cell just after cytokinesis of mitosis?
A cell after cytokinesis has half the amount of DNA as a cell in G2
Which of the following is associated with cancer? (Select all that apply.)
A single copy of an oncogene Two copies of a mutant tumor suppressor gene Two copies of an oncogene
Three of the same species of plant are each grown under a different colored light for the same amount of time. Plant A is grown under blue light, Plant B is grown under green light, and Plant C is grown under orange light. Assuming the plants use only chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b for photosynthesis, what would be the predicted order of the plants from most growth to least growth?
A, C, B
match each lettered image with what event is being depicted (MAKE SURE SAME IMAGE)
A- cytokinesis B- spindle starts to form C- chromosomes decondense further after cytokinesis D- spindle breaks down and nucleus E- in prometaphase in the nuclear F- sister chromatids separate G- centrosomes duplicate during H- chromosomes align in the middle
Put the 8 images below in correct order (1-8) (look at image MAKE SURE SAME IMAGE)
A-7 B-2 C-8 D-6 E-3 F-5 G-1 H-4
Which of the following structures is not a component of a photosystem?
ATP synthase
How long are human chromosomes?
About 50-250 million bases long
What are similarities between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? (Select all that apply)
Both involve electron transport chains Both make use of nucleic acids as high energy electron carriers Both involve series of redox reactions Both generate ATP through chemiosmosis
Reactant or product in photosynthesis
C6H12O6 product CO2 reactant H2O reactant O2 product
Which best describes photosynthesis?
CO2 is reduced and water is oxidized.
Where does most of the light energy captured in photosynthesis end up?
Chemical energy in organic molecules
If pheophytin is unable to accept electrons from the reaction center chlorophyll in photosystem II (PSII) which of the following would happen? Select all that apply.
Chlorophyll in the reaction center of PSI will be oxidized ATP production will decrease
How is photosynthesis is best described?
Endergonic
Which of the following molecules are outputs of the citric acid (Kreb's) cycle? (select all that apply)
FADH2 CO2 NADH
ATP produced in the light reactions during photosynthesis can be used by plant cells to do their cellular work. True or false?
False
There are two molecules of DNA is an unreplicated chromosome.
False
most of our body cells that are not actively divided are stopped at what stage of the cell cycle
G1 or G0
Which pathway is shared between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
What holds the two strands of DNA together in its secondary structure?
Hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases
Which of the following statements is true?
In photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide are reactants. G3P and oxygen are products.
Where does pyruvate processing occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix
What is the role of O2 in oxidative phosphorylation?
It is the terminal electron acceptor in the ETC
As electrons pass through the system of electron carriers associated with photosystem II they lose energy. What happens to this energy?
It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient.
Which of the following is true of oxygen in photosynthesis?
It's a waste product of the light reactions.
Who performed classic experiments that supported the semiconservative model of DNA replication?
Meselson and Stahl (UO Biology!)
Which of the following transitions are checkpoints within the cell cycle? (Select all that apply.)
Metaphase to Anaphase G2 to M G1 to S
Which is the fastest stage of the cell cycle?
Mitosis
Beta-carotene is an orange pigment that gives carrots and autumn leaves their color. In leaves, it can help absorb light of different wavelengths of light than the green chlorophyll pigments. What colors would you expect beta-carotene to absorb?
Mostly blue and green light
Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)?
NAD+ and FAD
what are the source of electrons acceptors for photosynthesis? (terminal electron acceptor)
NADP+
Which of the following are outputs of the Calvin cycle? (select all that apply)
NADP+ ADP G3P
if a drug interferes with the function of Photosystem I, what is the impact on NADP+ levels
NADP+ levels increase
Which of the following are both outputs of the light-dependent reactions and inputs of the Calvin cycle? (select all that apply)
NADPH ATP
What would you expect if you deprived a plant of CO2
NADPH levels increase
What would you expect if you deprived a plant of CO2?
NADPH levels increase
Imagine you label DNA monomers so that you can detect their incorporation during DNA replication. What does a DNA molecule after DNA replication consist of?
One new labelled DNA strand and one old unlabelled DNA strand
What is the difference between a cell in G2 just before mitosis and a cell just after cytokinesis of mitosis?
Only the G2 cell has two-chromatid chromosomes
What are the major subunits (parts) of the monomers that make up DNA & RNA
Phosphate Nitrogenous Base Ribose or deoxyribose
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules; respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules.
What best explains the impact of plants on oxygen levels in a closed flask?
Photosynthesizing plants produce more oxygen than they use.
Put the following steps of cellular respiration in order.
Pyruvate - 2 Regeneration of NAD+ and FAD - 4 Production of 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, - 3 Glucose - 1 Chemiosmosis - 5
Which of the following is true of reduction? (Select all that apply.)
Reducation is endergonic. Reduction is gain of electrons.
What stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur in?
S
put the following events of mitosis in the correct order (1-5)
Sister chromatids are pulled to poles of the spindle - 4 Nuclear envelope breaks down - 2 Centrosomes duplicate - 1 Chromosomes move to the metaphase plate - 3 Cleavage furrow forms - 5
Which of the following is true of photosynthetic cells?
They have both chloroplasts and mitochondria.
What is the function of a proto-oncogene?
To promote cell growth or progression through the cell cycle
in the figure below that shows DNA replication, which direction is the replication fork moving? (ensure same image )
To the right
There are two molecules of DNA is a replicated chromosome
True
Which of the following statements are TRUE? (Select all that apply.)
Water is split in photosynthesis and made in cellular respiration. The outputs of photosynthesis are the same as the inputs of cellular respiration. The O2 produced by photosynthesis can be used by the plant cell for cellular respiration.
How does the rate of product formation change with increasing substrate concentration?
With increasing substrate concentration the rate of product formation will increase but this increase will slow as enzymes become saturated
What event accompanies energy absorption by chlorophyll (or other pigment molecules of the antenna complex)?
an electron is excited
During DNA replication
both strands serve as templates for new strand synthesis
Which of the following are phases of the Calvin cycle (select all that apply)
carbon fixation, RuBP regeneration, reduction of organic molecule intermediates
glycogen functions in
cell energy storage
where does most of the light energy captured in photosynthesis end up
chemical energy in organic molecules
Where in eukaryotic cells does the Calvin cycle take place?
chloroplast stroma
Where do the reactions of photosynthesis take place in plants?
chloroplasts
Vinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer. Because it interferes with the assembly of microtubules, its effectiveness must be related to
disruption of mitotic spindle formation
What is the secondary structure of DNA
double helix
during which process or processes is NADH directly oxidized to NAD+ in humans
electron transport chain, and regeneration step of fermentation
how is photosynthesis best described
endergonic
Which of the following are true of chromosomes (select all that apply)
genes are segments of DNA along a chromosome they are DNA molecules wrapped around proteins they are not always condensed replicated chromosomes contain 2 identical DNA molecules
Which process or processes directly produce ATP (or GTP, an ATP substitute) in humans?
glycolysis citric acid (Kreb's) cycle chemiosmosis via ATP synthase
Water happens to water as a reactant in photosynthesis
it is split by photosystem II into H+ and O2
What happens to the energy from electrons flowing through the ETC
it is stored as potential energy in the proton gradient across the inner mitochondria membrane
Which of the following is true of oxygen in photosynthesis
it's a waste product of the light reactions
the majority of actual weight (dry biomass) gained by plants as they progress from seed to adult plant comes from which of the following substances
molecules in the air that enter through holes int he plant leaves
how many DNA molecules are in a chromosome
one before DNA replication, or two after DNA replication
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration
photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules
What best explains the impact of plants on oxygen levels in a closed flask
photosynthesizing plants produce more oxygen than they use
why is the reaction center chlorophyll different than other chlorophyll molecules in a photosystem?
reaction center chlorophyll is oxidized and reduced
Which of the following is true of reduction (select all that apply)
reduction is endergonic reduction is gain of electrons
During which process or processes is NADH directly oxidized to NAD+ in humans? (Select all that apply)
regeneration step of fermentation electron transport chain
During glycolysis, when each molecule of glucose is catabolized to two molecules of pyruvate, most of the potential energy contained in glucose is
retained in the two pyruvates
DNA is synthesized through a process known as
semiconservative replication
DNA synthesized through a process known as
semiconservative replication
Where does the Calvin cycle take place
stroma of the chloroplast
Which statement correctly describes carbon fixation?
the conversion of CO2 into an organic compound
In DNA replication, the leading and the lagging strands differ in that
the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction
where is chlorophyll located in a plant cell
the thylakoid membrane
Which of the following is true of photosynthetic cells
they both have chloroplasts and mitochondria
What role do NADH and FADH2 play in oxidative phosphorylation
they reduce complexes of the ETC
what is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle
to generate organic molecules (G3P)
What is the main purpose of the light - dependent reactions of photosynthesis
to produce NADPH and ATP
What is the main purpose of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
to produce NADPH and ATP
What is the function of a tumor - suppressor gene
to slow or prevent abnormal cell cycle progression
O2 is a product of photosynthesis. Where does the oxygen come from?
water
What is the initial source of electrons for the electron transport chain in chloroplasts?
water
Which color of light is best to promote photosynthesis
white
