Bio Quizzes
Cortisol and estrogen are ____ hormones and thus the protein receptors for these hormones are ____ the target cells. A) lipid soluble ... inside B) lipid soluble ... on the surface of C) water soluble ... inside D) water soluble ... on the surface of
A
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) are hormones known as _____. A) gonadotropins B) prostaglandins C) neurohormones D) cytokines
A
How does the hypothalamus control the secretion of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary? A) The hypothalamus produces a releasing hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete GH. B) The hypothalamus sends a hormone to the target cells that makes them receptive to GH. C) Feedback from the target cells is sent to the posterior pituitary, which signals the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary. D) The hypothalamus stimulates an action potential in the posterior pituitary, which then sends a releasing hormone to the anterior pituitary.
A
In the winter, the _____ of many vertebrates is apt to produce _____ than in summer months. A) pineal gland ... more melatonin B) pineal gland ... less growth hormone C) hypothalamus ... less melatonin D) hypothalamus ... more growth hormone
A
SCID is caused by ____. A) absent or defective T cells and B cells B) an autoimmune response C) harmless allergens such as pollen D) a cancer that affects lymphocytes
A
The adrenal gland is ____ and secretes hormones such as ____. A) near the kidney ... norepinephrine and corticosteroids B) near the kidney ... prolactin and FSH C) attached to the brain ... norepinephrine and corticosteroids D) attached to the brain ... prolactin and FSH
A
The first line of defense against infection is _____. A) the skin and mucous membranes B) the inflammatory response C) the fever response D) the active immune response
A
The mammary glands of a pregnant female will begin to produce (but not release) milk in response to changes in the level of which of the following hormones? A) prolactin B) progesterone C) estrogen D) oxytocin
A
The most toxic nitrogenous waste is ____. A) ammonia B) urea C) uric acid
A
Which disorder is correctly matched with its cause? A) pituitary dwarfism ... hyposecretion of growth hormone B) low blood calcium ... hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) C) diabetes mellitus ... hypersecretion of insulin D) acromegaly ... hyposecretion of growth hormone
A
Which is NOT an accurate pairing of a key excretory function with its definition? A) Reabsorption is the process where toxins, drugs, and excessive ions that remain in the blood after filtration are transported into the nephron for disposal in the urine. B) Excretion moves urine, the processed filtrate, out of the kidney, through the ureter, the bladder, and finally out of the body via the urethra. C) Secretion transports certain toxins, drugs, and excessive ions from the capillaries to the filtrate. D) Filtration happens when blood pressure forces water, nitrogenous waste, and valuable solutes from the blood into Bowman's capsule of the nephron.
A
Which of the following is NOT part of insect immunity? A) activation of natural killer cells B) phagocytosis by hemocytes C) production of antimicrobial proteins D) a protective exoskeleton
A
A macromolecule produced in the body, which recognizes another molecule as "foreign" to the body, is a(n) _____. A) antigen B) antibody C) lymphocyte D) macrophage
B
Blood type ____ is considered the universal donor type because it has ____. A) O ... neither A or B antibodies B) O ... neither A or B antigens C) AB ... both A & B antibodies D) AB ... both A & B antigens
B
For a bony fish to maintain osmotic balance in seawater, it must ____ water from the environment and ____ sodium and chloride ions across the gills. A) drink ... actively uptake B) drink ... actively secrete C) not drink ... actively uptake D) not drink ... actively secrete
B
Hyperthyroidism, typically characterized by a high metabolic rate and high blood pressure, might be expected when _____. A) the pituitary secretes high concentrations of thyroxine B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration is high C) a person has an iodine deficiency D) thyroxine concentration is low
B
If a diet is deficient in iodine, a goiter may form because _____. A) the thyroid cannot release T3 and T4 so the hormones build up in the gland B) low blood levels of T3 and T4 inhibit the negative feedback loop. An overload of TSH causes enlargement of the gland. C) high blood levels of T3 and T4 inhibit the negative feedback loop. Inadequate TSH causes shrinkage of the gland. D) researchers are not sure why goiters form during iodine deficiency
B
If an animal became dehydrated, then the level of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) would ____ so that water reabsorption would ____ and make the urine more concentrated. A) increase ... decrease B) increase ... increase C) decrease ... decrease D) decrease ... increase
B
Immunity gained from the antibodies in snake-bite antiserum are an example of ____ immunity. A) natural passive B) artificial passive C) natural active D) artificial active
B
The ability of some animals such as "water bears" to survive in an extremely dehydrated, dormant state is called ____. A) hibernation B) anhydrobiosis C) aptosis D) osmoregulation
B
The idea behind vaccination is to induce _____ without the vaccinated individual having to get sick. A) passive immunity B) the primary immune response C) nonspecific defenses D) inflammatory responses
B
The nephrons of fish, amphibians and reptiles do not have the ____ which is present in the nephron of mammals. A) collecting duct B) loop of Henle C) proximal tubule D) glomerulus
B
What do macrophages and neutrophils have in common? A) They punch a hole in the plasma membrane of the pathogen, causing the cell to burst. B) They phagocytize pathogens. C) They secrete antigens. D) They secrete antibodies.
B
What is the function of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle? A) It loses urea to the renal medulla, helping this tissue to maintain its concentration gradient of solutes. B) It helps maintain the concentration gradient of NaCl in the interstitial fluid, thus increasing water reabsorption C) It absorbs some drugs and poisons from surrounding capillaries. D) It collects processed filtrate from the renal pelvis.
B
Which of the following hormones have antagonistic effects? A) thyroxine and calcitonin B) insulin and glucagon C) ACTH and glucocorticoids D) epinephrine and norepinephrine
B
Which of the following is NOT true about helper T cells? A) They function in cell-mediated and humoral responses. B) They are activated by polysaccharide fragments. C) They are subject to infection by HIV. D) When activated, they secrete cytokines.
B
Which of the following is a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary? A) insulin B) oxytocin C) ACTH D) thyroxine
B
Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing of organism and excretory structure? A) flatworm ... protonephridia B) malpighian tubules ... annelids C) green glands ... crustaceans D) protozoans ... contractile vacuoles
B
A doctor might give an expectant mother _____ to stimulate uterine contractions (induce labor). A) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) B) thyroxine C) oxytocin D) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C
B lymphocytes _____. A) attack cells that have been infected by viruses B) engulf and destroy bacteria and viruses C) make antibodies that circulate in blood and lymph D) stimulate other lymphocytes
C
Calcitonin is secreted from the ____ and acts to ____ blood calcium. A) intestines ... decrease B) intestines ... increase C) thyroid gland ... decrease D) thyroid gland ... increase
C
Excretion of ____ requires the least amount of water loss from the animal. A) ammonia B) urea C) uric acid
C
In our bodies, the primary nitrogen-containing compound excreted by our kidneys is ______. A) uric acid B) amino acid C) urea D) nitrite
C
Osmoconformers are animals that _____. A) expend considerable energy in matching concentrations of their body fluids with those of their marine environment B) rely on the digestive, respiratory, and excretory systems to remove excess salts and water from their bodies C) have an internal environment that is osmotically similar to their external environment, which does not require energy expenditure D) spontaneously lose water through body surfaces and must actively unload (excrete) ions and drink water to maintain osmotic homeostasis
C
The bed of capillaries in a vertebrate kidney where water, urea, and salts are filtered out of the blood is the _____. A) proximal convoluted tubule B) collecting duct C) glomerulus D) loop of Henle
C
The second fetus of a mother may be harmed or killed if the mother's blood type is ____ and the fetus (and the prior fetus) blood type is ____. A) A+ ... A+ B) O- ... O- C) A+ ... A- D) O- ... O+
C
There are five immunoglobulin (Ig) classes (i.e., antibody classes). The ____ are passed from mother to offspring via breast milk to confer passive immunity. The ____ trigger release of chemicals from mast cells that cause allergic reactions. A) IgA ... IgE B) IgE ... IgA C) IgD ... IgM D) IgM ... IgD
C
What is a characteristic of early stages of local inflammation? A) fever B) attach by cytotoxic T cells C) release of histamine D) antibody- and complement-mediated lysis of microbes
C
What is the role of a second messenger in hormone action? A) It signals a cell to secrete a hormone. B) It informs a gland as to whether its hormones are having an effect. C) It relays a hormone's message inside a target cell. D) It stops hormone action when it is no longer needed.
C
Which is an accurate statement about the anatomy of the human kidney? A) The proximal tubule is the portion of the nephron tubule farthest from Bowman's capsule. B) The renal cortex, which contains much of the nephrons, is interior to the renal medulla. C) The loop of Henle is located between the proximal tubule and the distal tubule. D) The distal tubule of a nephron connects with the renal pelvis of the kidney via the ureter.
C
Which of the following INCORRECTLY matches hormone with its effect? A) erythropoietin ... increases red blood cell production B) parathyroid hormone ... increases blood calcium C) LH ... controls maturation of T cells D) FSH ... stimulates spermatogenesis
C
Which of the following cells are part of the innate, second (internal) line of defense? A) cytotoxic T cells B) B cells C) macrophages D) platelets
C
Which of the following hormones specifically act(s) to trigger secretion of hormones by another endocrine gland? A) thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) B) progesterone C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C
Which of the following types of cells initiate a secondary immune response? A) mast cells B) neutrophils C) memory cells D) macrophages
C
Which one of the following is NOT a function of the excretory system? A) elimination of nitrogenous wastes B) maintenance of salt balance C) elimination of undigested foods D) maintenance of the water balance
C
Which statment best describes the difference in responses of effector B cells and cytotoxic T cells? A) B cells confer active immunity; cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity. B) B cells kill viruses directly; cytotoxic T cells kill virus-infected cells. C) B cells secrete antibodies against a virus; cytotoxic T cells kill virus-infected cells. D) B cells accomplish the cell-mediated response; cytotoxic T cells accomplish the humoral response.
C
Which type of organism would have the least chance of long-term survival in the given environment? A) osmoconformers in seawater B) euryhaline animals that move from seawater to fresh water C) stenohaline animals that move from fresh water to seawater D) osmoregulators in seawater
C
Cyclic changes in secretion of a hormone from the ____ gland regulates daily and seasonal rhythms in an animal. A) pituitary B) thyroid C) adrenal D) pineal
D
Every time you eat a cookie or candy bar, your blood sugar increases. This triggers an increase in the hormone _____. A) thyroxine B) epinephrine C) glucagon D) insulin
D
If microorganisms penetrate the innate defenses, an inflammatory response may be initiated by the _____. A) accumulation of phagocytes in an injured area B) increased blood flow to an infected or injured area C) ensuing fever D) release of chemicals such as histamine by damaged cells and mast cells
D
In the ____ of the nephron, bicarbonate reabsorption and H+ secretion occur to maintain blood pH. A) Bowman's capsule B) collecting duct C) loop of Henle D) proximal and distal tubules
D
Interferons and complement are ____. A) leukocytes that kill virus-infected cells B) chemicals that trigger the inflammatory response and fever response C) foreign proteins that are recognized by antibodies to initiate the acquired immune responses D) antimicrobial proteins that fight viruses, cut holes in microbial membranes, and target microbes for macrophages
D
The ____ collects urine for drainage from the kidney and the ____ carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. A) proximal tubule ... distal tubule B) Bowman's capsule ... collecting duct C) renal pelvis ... ureter D) ureter ... urethra
D
The cells of a freshwater fish are ____ to the environment, and thus the fish ____ the environment. A) hypotonic ... loses water to B) hypotonic ... gains water from C) hypertonic ...loses water to D) hypertonic ... gains water from
D
The proliferation of the B lymphocyte to which a specific antigen binds is referred to as _____. A) an activation sequence B) antigenic determination C) an autoimmune response D) clonal selection
D
The regulation of water volume in the blood involves which hormone? A) oxytocin B) insulin C) FSH D) ADH
D
To conserve water, desert rodents have relatively ____ loops of Henle which allow these animals to produce a very ____ urine. A) short ... dilute B) short ... concentrated C) long ... dilute D) long ... concentrated
D
Which of the following is filtered from blood but not normally found in urine? A) water B) red blood cells C) H+ ions D) amino acids
D
Which of the following results in long-term immunity? A) the passage of maternal antibodies to a developing fetus B) the inflammatory response to a splinter C) injection of serum from people immune to rabies D) the administration of the chicken pox vaccine
D
Which one of the following endocrine organs does not actually manufacture hormones but, rather, stores hormones produced elsewhere? A) thyroid B) adrenal cortex C) anterior pituitary D) posterior pituitary
D
