Bio Test 3

List 2 components of the Cell Theory

1. All cells come from pre-existing cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization

Mitosis is a universal process for eukaryotic organisms. explain three reasons for why multicellular organisms would undergo cell division?

1. reproduction: to form more life 2. Repair: if an organism is injured, cellular division can help it heal 3. Bet Hedge: more cells means more life

What are two reasons for why it would be difficult for us to "see" the happenings inside of a cell?

1. very small, would need a microscope 2. very fast moving

If a plant has a total of 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be present in each of its gametes?

9

are made only from carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

Carbohydrates

Place the following in order from smallest to largest: Carbon, Glucose, Protein, Water

Carbon, Water, Glucose, Protein

____ reactions release energy by breaking down complex molecules

Catabolic

Which of the following statements most accurately describes a selectively permeable membrane?

Certain solutes move freely across the membrane by simple diffusion while others must be helped across by active or passive transport proteins: some substances are completely excluded from crossing the membrane

Store energy in the bonds composing fatty acid tails

Lipids

Lipid (chart)

NA, NA, energy storage, trilyceride

ATP is an example of this class of macromolecule

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acid (chart)

Nucleotide, Nucleic Acid, energy storage, DNA

Serve as structural elements, membrane channels, and many other functions within organisms

Proteins

Their monomers are connected through peptide bonds to form polymers

Proteins

Which of the following is NOT an accurate distinction between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats do not have carbon-carbon double bonds, while unsaturated fats do

Describe the basics of the Miller-Urey experiments, which demonstrated a potential example of abiogenesis

Simple, inorganic molecules are subjected to high-energy charges and produce organic molecules

Protein (chart)

amino acid, protein, enzyme catalysis, lactase

used by plant cells

both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds primarily forming...

carbohydrates

The central element found in organic molecules is...

carbon

produces carbon dioxide

cellular respiration (only)

used by animal cells

cellular respiration (only)

What is true about proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids?

each of these classes of molecules is built from its own unique set of monomers

When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group...

energy is released and can power other cellular activities

The energy required for life processes must be extracted from an organism's...

environment

which statement about cells is correct?

in the modern world, cells can only develop from other cells

which of the following statements about cell division is correct?

it is the process by which organisms grow and maintain their tissues

Gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis because...

meiosis reduces the chromosome number of gametes so that zygotes produced will have one full gamete

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves numerous chemical reactions. Collectively these processes are known as...

metabolism

Which pair of processes encompasses the entire cell cycle?

mitosis and interphase

Carbohydrate (chart)

monosacc, polysaccharide, energy storage, starch

In a human cell...

nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes

produces light energy

neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration

What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?

passive never requires energy; active always does

produces sugars

photosynthesis (only)

Which of the following is NOT likely to cause a protein molecule to lose its shape and stop functioning properly?

pure water

Which is the best description of cancer?

uncontrolled cell growth and reproduction

which of the following would be likely to move through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2)

The biosynthetic formation of large molecules is called...

anabolism