Bio Test 3
List 2 components of the Cell Theory
1. All cells come from pre-existing cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization
Mitosis is a universal process for eukaryotic organisms. explain three reasons for why multicellular organisms would undergo cell division?
1. reproduction: to form more life 2. Repair: if an organism is injured, cellular division can help it heal 3. Bet Hedge: more cells means more life
What are two reasons for why it would be difficult for us to "see" the happenings inside of a cell?
1. very small, would need a microscope 2. very fast moving
If a plant has a total of 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be present in each of its gametes?
9
are made only from carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
Carbohydrates
Place the following in order from smallest to largest: Carbon, Glucose, Protein, Water
Carbon, Water, Glucose, Protein
____ reactions release energy by breaking down complex molecules
Catabolic
Which of the following statements most accurately describes a selectively permeable membrane?
Certain solutes move freely across the membrane by simple diffusion while others must be helped across by active or passive transport proteins: some substances are completely excluded from crossing the membrane
Store energy in the bonds composing fatty acid tails
Lipids
Lipid (chart)
NA, NA, energy storage, trilyceride
ATP is an example of this class of macromolecule
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acid (chart)
Nucleotide, Nucleic Acid, energy storage, DNA
Serve as structural elements, membrane channels, and many other functions within organisms
Proteins
Their monomers are connected through peptide bonds to form polymers
Proteins
Which of the following is NOT an accurate distinction between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats do not have carbon-carbon double bonds, while unsaturated fats do
Describe the basics of the Miller-Urey experiments, which demonstrated a potential example of abiogenesis
Simple, inorganic molecules are subjected to high-energy charges and produce organic molecules
Protein (chart)
amino acid, protein, enzyme catalysis, lactase
used by plant cells
both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds primarily forming...
carbohydrates
The central element found in organic molecules is...
carbon
produces carbon dioxide
cellular respiration (only)
used by animal cells
cellular respiration (only)
What is true about proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids?
each of these classes of molecules is built from its own unique set of monomers
When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group...
energy is released and can power other cellular activities
The energy required for life processes must be extracted from an organism's...
environment
which statement about cells is correct?
in the modern world, cells can only develop from other cells
which of the following statements about cell division is correct?
it is the process by which organisms grow and maintain their tissues
Gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis because...
meiosis reduces the chromosome number of gametes so that zygotes produced will have one full gamete
The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves numerous chemical reactions. Collectively these processes are known as...
metabolism
Which pair of processes encompasses the entire cell cycle?
mitosis and interphase
Carbohydrate (chart)
monosacc, polysaccharide, energy storage, starch
In a human cell...
nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes
produces light energy
neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration
What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?
passive never requires energy; active always does
produces sugars
photosynthesis (only)
Which of the following is NOT likely to cause a protein molecule to lose its shape and stop functioning properly?
pure water
Which is the best description of cancer?
uncontrolled cell growth and reproduction
which of the following would be likely to move through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion?
water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2)
The biosynthetic formation of large molecules is called...
anabolism