Bio: Unit 9 Part 1 - Nervous System

What is the only thing the PNS contains?

Nerves

What does the somatic nervous system control?

contains all the nerves that control the muscular system and external sensory receptors (controls movements). In charge of sense organs like skin, eyes, ears, and tongue and also controls reflexes

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

What do motor neurons do?

move impulses from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. They can also trigger voluntary and involuntary responses

What does the left side of the brain control?

muscles on the right side of the body

What does the frontal lobe control?

reasoning, motor skills, higher level understanding, and expressive language

What makes up the central nervous system?

the brain and spinal cord

How many neruons are in the brain?

100 billion

How many hemispheres are the cerebrum divided into? How many lobes are in each hemisphere?

2 hemispheres EACH divided into 4 lobes

What connects the brain to the spinal cord?

Brain stem

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

Central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

What is the second largest part of the brain/

Cerebellum

What is the largest division of the brain?

Cerebrum

What are the three MAIN areas of the brain?

Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem

What does the brain stem do?

Connects brain to spinal cord and controls breathing and heartbeat

What's the function of the nervous system?

Controls actions and reactions of the body in response to stimuli from the environment

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

Controls involuntary movements. The motor neurons also control muscles in the heart, intestines, bladder, and the uterus.

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Controls the rest and digest functions, and is known as the "deactivator." After the sympathetic nervous system, it brings the body back to normal by lowering the blood pressure and heart rate

What are the 4 different lobes in the brain?

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe

What do sensory neurons do?

Gather information in and around your body, then moving it to the brain. It also collects info about the body and environment.

What does the occipital lobe do?

Interprets visual stimuli and informtion

What does the temporal lobe do?

Is in charge of memory, speech perception, and language.

How do signals move through the nervous system?

It receives information from the environment and then translates it into electrical signals, which are then sent from the brain to the rest of the body through neurons. They move through the CNS and PNS with the help of GLIAL CELLS

What is a neuron made up of?

Large region called CELL BODY, a long extension called an AXON, and short branches called DENDRITES. At the end of the axon is the axon terminal.

What does the right side of the brain control?

Muscles on the left side of the body

What does the cerebellum do?

Processes information from the body and allows the brain to keep track of the body's position and coordinate movements (posture and balance)

What does the parietal lobe do?

Processes tactile sensory informaiton like pressure, touch, and pain

What types of neurons are used in the PNS to detect stimuli and signal organs/muscles to react?

Sensory and motor neurons

What are the two parts of the PNS?

Somatic nervous system (voluntary) and the autonomic nervous system (involuntary)

What does the midbrain do?

Controls reflexes (e.g. controls pupil size)

What are the two sub-systems of the autonomic nervous system?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

How does the CNS interact with the PNS?

The CNS receives, interprets, then sends the signals to the PNS while the PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body

What is the outer layer of the cerebrum called?

The cerebral cortex

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

The section of the PNS that prepares the body for stress and action, known as "fight or flight." During this, blood is moved from the digestive system to increase the flow to the lungs, heart, and brain (known as the "activator")

What receives signals and sends them to the brain and is made up of a ropelike bundle of neurons?

The spinal cord

What are the dominant functions of the right side of the brain?

art, music, creativity, intuition

What does the medulla oblongata do?

controls life-sustaining heart functions, vomiting, swallowing, and coughing

What two types of matters are in the central nervous system?

gray matter (neuron bodies) and white matter (axons)

The cerebrum divides into the right and left ___________.

hemispheres

What does the cerebral cortex do?

interprets/responds to signals from sensory organs

What are the 3 layers of connective tissue that protects your brain called?

meminges

What does the pons do?

regulates breathing and passes signals to/from the spinal cord

What connects the right and left sides of the brain?

the corpus callosum

What do relflex arcs (nerve pathways) in the spinal cord do?

they cause immediate movement without the brain's input when a fast response is needed (e.g. pulling your hand away after touching a hot stove, touching a needle, etc.)

What are the dominant functions of the left side of the brain?

words, logic, problem solving, and science and math