BIO101- Mitosis, Development, and Cancer
Asexual reproduction requires ________ individual(s), whereas sexual reproduction requires _______ individual(s).
1; 2
Imagine that a human skin cell went through mitosis but did not undergo cytokinesis. How many chromosomes would be in the cell?
92
The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis?
Prophase
The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?
Telophase
What need to be be divided during binary fission?
The DNA has to be split into two identical parts.
What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?
The chromosomes must be duplicated.
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles?
metaphase
In the telophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle breaks down and the chromatin uncoils. This is essentially the opposite of what happens in _____.
prophase
What does the word immortal mean in cell biology?
Cells that go on dividing indefinitely.
What cellular structure dissolves during prophase and prometaphase?
Centrosomes
How would you know if a cell was in anaphase?
Chromosomes separate and move away from one another.
What are sister chromatids?
Chromosomes that replicate and stay joined to its replicated partner.
What is asexual reproduction?
Creation of genetically identical offspring by 1 parent.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the timing of DNA synthesis?
DNA is synthesized in the S phase of interphase.
The first step of bacterial replication is _____.
DNA replication
Each human chromosome has one gene on it. (T or F)
False. Just one long DNA molecule.
Humans are smarter and more complex than hedgehogs, therefore we have more chromosomes (T or F)
False. Our gene pool is more complex but doesn't necessarily have more chromosomes.
Humans have over 100,000 genes (T or F)
False. Sub 21,000
What is sexual reproduction?
Fertilization of egg by sperm, not identical, but closely related.
Immune system cells enter a resting phase after undergoing mitosis. When activated—for example, by an infection—they can reenter the sequence of events in the cell cycle that leads to cell division. What would be the correct cell cycle sequence of events for these reactivated cells?
G1, S, G2, M
How are nerve cells and muscle cells different from many other cells of the human body relative to the cell cycle?
Go phase. Permanently nondividing state when cell signal never arises.
What makes a tumor malignant?
If it doesn't remain at original sight and moves to other parts of the body.
You find a cell is currently replicating its DNA. What part of the cell cycle is it in?
Interphase.
The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
In what stage of mitosis do dense, duplicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase.
The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis?
Anaphase
Within one chromosome, what is the relationship between the sequence of bases in DNA of one sister chromatid compared to the other?
The sequences are identical.
How do many cancer drugs work to kill cancer cells?
They target specific steps in cellular division to stop the cancer from dividing.
Prokaryotes have one circular chromosome (T or F)
True
Eukaryotes have more genes than prokaryotes (T or F)
True.
What are chromosomes? (in relation to sister chromatids)
When sister chromatids separate from each other to move into different daughter cells.
How is DNA compaction analogous to moving to a new apartment?
When you prepare to move, you gather your belongings and store them in more easily sorted containers.
Bacteria divide by:
binary fission
When prokaryotes divide, we call this _______________
binary fission
Asexual and sexual reproduction differ in that sexual reproduction _____.
can produce great variation among the offspring
What does cell division have to do with human embryonic development?
cells must divide every second to replace damaged/lost cells----> leads to renewal and repair
A benign and a malignant tumor differ in that _____.
cells of a benign tumor remain within the tumor, whereas cells of a malignant tumor can spread to other body tissues
At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called _________________.
cytokinesis
The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called
cytokinesis.
When animal cells are grown in a petri dish, they typically stop dividing once they have formed a single, unbroken layer on the bottom of the dish. This arrest of division is an example of
density-dependent inhibition.
Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell division?
formation of a cell plate
