Criminal Justice Exam 2
True
A defendant isn't required to be represented by an attorney at trial?
True
A domestic violence court is an example of a problem solving court?
True
A dying declaration is an exception to the hearsay rule
writ of certiorari***
A formal writ used to bring a case before the Supreme Court.
Shared
A police subculture involves ______ values believes forms of behavior
False
A search incident to arrest may included the entire building in which the arrest was made?
False
A sentence of "4 years in prison" is an indeterminate sentence?
Determinate sentencing****
A sentence of 8-15 years in prison is an example of what kind of sentencing?
appellate jurisdiction
Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have what?
True
Defendants are entitled to be represented by consule at a first appearance?
True
Excessive use of force refers to the unacceptable use of force on a department wide biases?
Lay
Eye witness who saw a crime being committed is an example of a _____ witness
True
General conditions of probationers apply to all probationers in a given jurisdiction
Discourage
General deterrence attempts to ________ potential offenders from community crimes
police academy
How do you police officers enter the police subculture?
True
Intensive probation supervision can be effective at reducing recidivism?
Mandatory sentencing
Is a type of sentencing plan that allows no lee way in the imposition of a sentence for a person convicted of a crime
Medical Parole
Is an early release option which an inmate is deemed "Low Risk" due to a serious health condition and is released from prison earlier that he or she might have been under normal circumstances
The Victim
Is often considered a forgotten person in the Court room
lethal injection
Is the majority of death penalty states use which method of execution
True
Land mark cases clarifying the procedural guidelines the criminal justice must follow
True
Many officers never fire their weapons in the line of duty
False
Most convictions are reversed on appeal to higher court?
61%
Nation wide what percentage of inmates successfully complete parole?
almost 95%***
Overall approximate what percentage of stage criminal cases are resolved through plea-bargaining?
True
Police discretion includes the decision to not make an arrest?
False
Precedence investigations are conducted by the court
True
Probation is a sentence imposed by the court
True
Probation is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the U.S today?
True
Reentry courts over see offenders release into the community
Excessive force
Refers to the application of more force than is required to compel compliance from a suspect
True
Release on recognizance does not require the payment of a cash bond?
Sequestering
Removing jury from all possible outside influences
Sentencing Decisions are rarely affected by
Research into victim impact statements has found
True
Terry white stops require reasonable suspicion
True
The Knapp commission focused on corruption in the NYC city police department
Retribution
The just desert model of sentencing emphasizes
True
The majority of criminal cases are resolved thru negotiated pleas
False
The police may not search a person unless that person is suspected of a crime?
False
The police subculture is mainly communicated through formal academy training?
Hearsay Rule****
The rule of evidence that prevents the admission of out-of-court statements not made under oath by a person who is unavailable to testify
True
Violation of special conditions of probation can result in revocation
Rehibilitation
What is the primary purpose of probation?
First Appearance
What's the earliest stage of the court process at which defendant may be given formal notice of the charges against them?
People are responsible for
When implication of the assumption of free will is that __________ consequences of their actions
Mapp v. Ohio
Which US Supreme Court case was responsible for the creation of the exclusionary rule?
Parole
Which of the following isn't a traditional sentencing option?
Split Sentencing
Which type of sentence requires that offenders serve time in a local jail before a period of supervised probation?
Verdict
a hung jury when they cannot reach a _______
exclusionary rule****
a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.
A subpena is
a legal document that requires an individual to appear in court
warrant or probable cause
exists when a set of facts and circumstances would induce a responsible intelligent person to believe a particular other person has committed specific?
Grand Jury****
files an Indictment
The Section 1983 lawsuit
is a federal civil suit alleging police misconduct this is filled against a local police officer
nolo contendere
is the the most similar to a guilty plea
what does community corrections do?
keeps them in the community
True
peremptory challenges maynot be use to exclude potential jurors on the basis of either race or gender?
Probable cause is
sufficient reason based upon known facts to believe a crime has been committed or that certain property is connected with a crime
Bailiff
the order in the court room and announces judges entry to the courtroom
The Judiciary Act of 1789 ****
who Created the federal court system