Criminal Justice Exam 2

True

A defendant isn't required to be represented by an attorney at trial?

True

A domestic violence court is an example of a problem solving court?

True

A dying declaration is an exception to the hearsay rule

writ of certiorari***

A formal writ used to bring a case before the Supreme Court.

Shared

A police subculture involves ______ values believes forms of behavior

False

A search incident to arrest may included the entire building in which the arrest was made?

False

A sentence of "4 years in prison" is an indeterminate sentence?

Determinate sentencing****

A sentence of 8-15 years in prison is an example of what kind of sentencing?

appellate jurisdiction

Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have what?

True

Defendants are entitled to be represented by consule at a first appearance?

True

Excessive use of force refers to the unacceptable use of force on a department wide biases?

Lay

Eye witness who saw a crime being committed is an example of a _____ witness

True

General conditions of probationers apply to all probationers in a given jurisdiction

Discourage

General deterrence attempts to ________ potential offenders from community crimes

police academy

How do you police officers enter the police subculture?

True

Intensive probation supervision can be effective at reducing recidivism?

Mandatory sentencing

Is a type of sentencing plan that allows no lee way in the imposition of a sentence for a person convicted of a crime

Medical Parole

Is an early release option which an inmate is deemed "Low Risk" due to a serious health condition and is released from prison earlier that he or she might have been under normal circumstances

The Victim

Is often considered a forgotten person in the Court room

lethal injection

Is the majority of death penalty states use which method of execution

True

Land mark cases clarifying the procedural guidelines the criminal justice must follow

True

Many officers never fire their weapons in the line of duty

False

Most convictions are reversed on appeal to higher court?

61%

Nation wide what percentage of inmates successfully complete parole?

almost 95%***

Overall approximate what percentage of stage criminal cases are resolved through plea-bargaining?

True

Police discretion includes the decision to not make an arrest?

False

Precedence investigations are conducted by the court

True

Probation is a sentence imposed by the court

True

Probation is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the U.S today?

True

Reentry courts over see offenders release into the community

Excessive force

Refers to the application of more force than is required to compel compliance from a suspect

True

Release on recognizance does not require the payment of a cash bond?

Sequestering

Removing jury from all possible outside influences

Sentencing Decisions are rarely affected by

Research into victim impact statements has found

True

Terry white stops require reasonable suspicion

True

The Knapp commission focused on corruption in the NYC city police department

Retribution

The just desert model of sentencing emphasizes

True

The majority of criminal cases are resolved thru negotiated pleas

False

The police may not search a person unless that person is suspected of a crime?

False

The police subculture is mainly communicated through formal academy training?

Hearsay Rule****

The rule of evidence that prevents the admission of out-of-court statements not made under oath by a person who is unavailable to testify

True

Violation of special conditions of probation can result in revocation

Rehibilitation

What is the primary purpose of probation?

First Appearance

What's the earliest stage of the court process at which defendant may be given formal notice of the charges against them?

People are responsible for

When implication of the assumption of free will is that __________ consequences of their actions

Mapp v. Ohio

Which US Supreme Court case was responsible for the creation of the exclusionary rule?

Parole

Which of the following isn't a traditional sentencing option?

Split Sentencing

Which type of sentence requires that offenders serve time in a local jail before a period of supervised probation?

Verdict

a hung jury when they cannot reach a _______

exclusionary rule****

a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

A subpena is

a legal document that requires an individual to appear in court

warrant or probable cause

exists when a set of facts and circumstances would induce a responsible intelligent person to believe a particular other person has committed specific?

Grand Jury****

files an Indictment

The Section 1983 lawsuit

is a federal civil suit alleging police misconduct this is filled against a local police officer

nolo contendere

is the the most similar to a guilty plea

what does community corrections do?

keeps them in the community

True

peremptory challenges maynot be use to exclude potential jurors on the basis of either race or gender?

Probable cause is

sufficient reason based upon known facts to believe a crime has been committed or that certain property is connected with a crime

Bailiff

the order in the court room and announces judges entry to the courtroom

The Judiciary Act of 1789 ****

who Created the federal court system