BIO110-Lab 2.2

ADP needs to be recharged into ATP so additional work can occur within the cell. Which molecular conversion occurs during the recharge process known aerobic cellular respiration

ADP is converted into ATP

Text 319 illustrates that protein filaments (actin and myosin) are what enables muscle cells to contract. Which statement best describes how ATP energizes these proteins to facilitate a muscle contraction?

ATP phosphorylates myosin, enabling it to detach and then reattach to an actin filament.

Florence Joyner from the U.S. holds the women's world record for the 200 meter sprint at 21.34 seconds. Which energy system(s) fueled her muscle cells during this sprint?

ATP-PC system, lactic acid fermentation

These two methods enable the anaerobic recharge of ADP into ATP in skeletal muscle cells.

ATP-PC system, lactic acid fermentation

These three methods recharge ADP into ATP in skeletal muscle cells.

ATP-PC system, lactic acid fermentation, aerobic cellular respiration

Exhalations involve the removal of which respiratory gas from the lungs?

CO2

The exhalation of this gas is evidence that cellular respiration is occurring in your body cells:

The exhalation of this gas is evidence that cellular respiration is occurring in your body cells:

T/F The cardiovascular system is involved with the delivery of respiratory gases and monomers to body cells.

TRUE

T/F The deoxygenated blood that returns to lungs is high in CO2

TRUE

Cellular respiration is an aerobic process because _____________ is a reactant.

oxygen

Usain Bolt from Jamaica holds the men's world record for the 100 meter sprint at 9.58 seconds. Which energy system(s) fueled his muscle cells during this sprint?

the ATP-PC system

Text 102 shows three classes organic molecules that your body can use for energy. Two of these are preferred energy sources. Name them:

triglycerides and carbohydrates

Step 3, entitled 'Absorption', follows. Which of the following statements best summarizes what happens to the pool of monomers that form in the small intestines after digestion?

These monomers are absorbed across the linings of the small intestines, enter the blood and then are delivered to cells.

Cellular respiration is the process that makes ATP by adding a phosphate group to ________.

adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

ATP is an acronym for

adenosine triphosphate

In 2019, Eliud Kipchoge from Kenya ran a marathon in 1 hour, 59 minutes and 40 seconds. Which energy system(s) fueled his muscle cells during this marathon?

aerobic cellular respiration

Skeletal muscle cells store this molecule because it releases glucose molecules when hydrolyzed.

glycogen

Whether natural or processed, food provides the molecules need to sustain life. Steps 1-2 of text 283 state that ingested food is digested both mechanically and chemically. Chemical digestion occurs via ___________reactions.

hydrolysis

If muscle cells did not store glycogen which recharge methods would not be possible?

lactic acid fermentation, aerobic cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is a complex process. It begins in a cell's cytoplasm (cytosol) and is completed in a _________.

mitochondrion

List the two gases that are exchanged between blood capillaries and alveoli (terminal portions of lungs):

O2 and CO2

Summarize why this statement is true: without ATP, you would have no metabolism. Your response should define metabolism, then explain how ATP relates to it

Each human is comprised of trillions of cells. Each cell has to make its own ATP. Metabolism is all the chemical reactions needed to keep cells/an organism alive. ATP is required to do work in each cell by phosphorylating (energizing) molecules within cells. If ATP does not energize molecules; there would be no chemical reactions, individual cells would die, and you as an organism would die. When a molecule of ATP is broken down and looses a phosphate, that energized phosphate is transferred to another molecule and then that molecule is now energized to do cell work (metabolism)

T/F Cellular respiration is a process unique to humans.

FALSE

T/F The ATP-PC system is beneficial to endurance athletes.

FALSE

T/F The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to cells so each cell can do cellular respiration.

FALSE

T/F? Passive transport requires energy expenditure (ATP) to move substances across the plasma membrane into a cell.

FALSE

Text 102 illustrates 3 classes of organic molecules that provide chemical energy for the recharge of ADP into ATP. Text 103 states, "Twice as much ATP can be produced from an ounce of fat than can be produced from an ounce of carbohydrate or protein". Which statement provides quantitative evidence to substantiate this statement?

Fat molecules contain 9 calories/gram whereas protein and carbohydrate molecules contain only 4 calories/gram.

Adding a phosphate group to ADP requires energy. Where does the energy originate?

chemical bond energy contained in food molecules