Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton

vertebral foramen

Name the bone feature identified by the letter D. Transverse foramen intervertebral foramen foramen magnum vertebral foramen

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes". Occipital bone - C2 Occipital bone - axis Atlas - axis Occipital bone - atlas

Occipital bone - atlas

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas Superior articular facets Occipital condyles Foramen magnum Mastoid processes

Occipital condyles

A

On which bone is the greater sciatic notch located?

C

Pregnant women may experience an exaggerated lordosis, or "swayback." Which curvature is affected during pregnancy?

Which of the following statements is FALSE? The pubic arch is broader in the pelvis of a female than in the pelvis of a male. The female pelvis is thinner than that of a male. The female pelvis is tilted further forward than the male pelvis. The pelvic outlet is narrower in a female than in a male.

The pelvic outlet is narrower in a female than in a male.

Which of the following statements is true? The radius is the lateral bone in the forearm. The scapula marks the origin of the appendicular skeleton. The phalanges in the thumb are the most medial bones in the hand. The humerus is the most proximal bone in the upper appendicular skeleton.

The radius is the lateral bone in the forearm.

From the list below, select the least likely explanation for the relatively high mobility of the arms. The scapula does not articulate to the axial skeleton directly. The clavicle articulates to the axial skeleton at only the sternal end. The relatively open glenoid cavity of the glenohumeral joint. The subscapular notch is a passageway for nerves.

The subscapular notch is a passageway for nerves.

iliac fossa

What feature is indicated by the letter A? pubic ramus auricular surface ischial tuberosity iliac fossa

greater trochanter

What is the bone feature at A? linea aspera lesser trochanter greater trochanter fovea capitis

D

What part of this bone articulates with the ulna?

manubrium

What portion of the sternum is identified by the letter A? xiphoid process manubrium body sternal angle

A

Which letter represents the cervical curvature?

B

Which letter represents the lateral epicondyle?

maxilla, temporal, and occipital

Which of the following bones are indicated by letters A, B, and D (in order)? maxilla, temporal, and occipital vomer, temporal, and sphenoid maxilla, zygomatic, and occipital vomer, sphenoid, and temporal

medial epicondyle

Which of the following features of the humerus is NOT designated by a letter label? medial epicondyle trochleac apitulum greater tubercle

D

Which of the following is the only bone that normally moves in relation to the others?

A; parietal

Which of the following pairings of letter to bone is INCORRECT? A; parietal B; zygomatic C; maxillary D; mandibular

cuboid

Which of these bones aligns with the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms to form the four distal tarsals? navicular talus calcaneus cuboid

It passes from the vertebral column to the sternum via its own costal cartilage

Why is the rib at B considered a true rib? It possesses a costal groove. It passes from the vertebral column to the sternum via its own costal cartilage .It encloses the thoracic cavity and protects the vital organs within. It is capable of movement during the action of breathing

Which of the following bones is capable of bearing the greatest physical stress? a)Femur b)Ischium c)Fibula d)Patella

a)Femur

Which of the following organs lies directly posterior to the sternum? a)Heart b)Brain c)Spinal cord d)Liver

a)Heart

Which of these bones would bear a ring? a)Phalanx b)Metacarpal c)Carpal d)Tarsal

a)Phalanx

Which bone does not help form the orbital cavity? a)Temporal b)Frontal c)Zygomatic d)Lacrimal

a)Temporal

Cervical vertebrae can be uniquely identified by the presence of ________. a)transverse foramina b)transverse processes c)spinous processes d)vertebral foramina

a)transverse foramina

The scientific name for the cheekbone is the _______. a)zygomatic bone b)maxilla c)nasal bone d)palatine bone

a)zygomatic bone

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

atlas

Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process? atlas axis

atlas

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no". Atlas - axis Axis - C3 Occipital bone - axis Occipital bone - atlas

atlas - axis

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

axis

How many bones comprise the skull? a)1 b)22 c)200 d)220

b)22

There are ______ bones that form the adult vertebral column. a)2 b)26 c)206 d)62

b)26

Which of the following is not true of the male pelvis? a)The acetabula is larger b)The surfaces are smoother c)Angle is 50° to 60° d)The cavity of the true pelvis is narrow and deep

b)The surfaces are smoother

with the ribs. a)Cervical b)Thoracic c)Lumbar d)Sacral

b)Thoracic

What is the purpose of the internal acoustic meatus? a)Transmits the jugular vein b)Transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII c)Transmits cranial nerves IX, X, and XI d)Transmits sound to the eardrum

b)Transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII

The arrangement of bones and muscles of the pectoral girdle is such that there is a high degree of ________ but a low level of ______ .a)strength; length b)flexibility; stability c)stability; flexibility d)flexibility; endurance

b)flexibility; stability

This skull bone is connected to the rest of the cranium posteriorly via the coronal suture. It is the _______ bone. a)parietal b)frontal c)occipital d)sphenoid

b)frontal

The ________ is the most frequently fractured portion of the humerus. a)anatomical neck b)surgical neck c)radial groove d)trochlea

b)surgical neck

Which of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton? bones of the pectoral girdles bones of the lower limbs bones of the the pelvic girdle bones of the face

bones of the face

Each of the hip bones is comprised of _____ separate bone(s). a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4

c)3

This bone of the leg bears no weight .a)Femur b)Tibia c)Fibula d)Talus

c)Fibula

What is the primary function of the intervertebral foramina? a)To allow passage of the spinal cord b)Attachment of ligaments c)For exit of spinal nerves from the spinal cord d)To anchor the intervertebral discs

c)For exit of spinal nerves from the spinal cord

Which two carpals articulate with the radius to form the wrist joint? a)Triquetal and lunate b)Scaphoid and pisiform c)Scaphoid and lunate d)Trapezoid and hamate

c)Scaphoid and lunate

Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton? a)Clavicle b)Scapula c)Sternum d)Ilium

c)Sternum

Which of the following is not true concerning the intervertebral discs as we age? a)They become thinner b)They become less elastic c)They become more hydrated d)The risk of disc herniation increases

c)They become more hydrated

The ______ move(s) while nodding "yes," while the ______ stabilizes movement while shaking your head "no." a)axis; atlas b)atlas; axis c)occipital condyles; dens d)dens; occipital condyles

c)occipital condyles; dens

This bone contains four major areas: squamous, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous. It is the _______ bone. a)mandible b)occipital c)temporal d)frontal

c)temporal

Which of the following bones does not articulate directly with any other bone in the skeleton? a)Mandible b)Clavicle c)Scapula d)Hyoid

d)Hyoid

The "funny bone" of the elbow is actually this portion of the humerus: a)Trochlea b)Capitulum c)Lateral epicondyle d)Medial epicondyle

d)Medial epicondyle

Which of the following structures serves as a "seat" of the endocrine system by supporting the pituitary gland? a)Pterygoid process b)Greater wings of the sphenoid bone c)Lesser wings of the sphenoid bone d)Sella turcica

d)Sella turcica

Primary curvatures: a)include the cervical and lumbar curvatures b)include the cervical and thoracic curvatures c)include the sacral and cervical curvatures d)are well developed at birth

d)are well developed at birth

The major function(s) of the thoracic cage is (are) _______. a)to protect the lungs b)to help expand the thoracic cavity during breathing c)to aid in digestion d)both a and b

d)both a and b

The primary functions of the vertebral column include ___________ a)conducting nervous impulses from the brain .b)protection of the spinal cord. c)transmission of weight from the trunk to the lower limbs. d)both b and c.

d)both b and c.

The ______ is not an integral bone of the skull and is not attached by sutures to the remainder of the skull bones .a)sphenoid b)ethmoid c)maxilla d)mandible

d)mandible

The _______ rotates about the ______ when you pronate your forearm (the palm faces posteriorly). a)ulna; radius b)ulna; humerus c)radius; humerus d)radius; ulna

d)radius; ulna

Because of its many direct articulations with the axial skeleton, the pectoral girdle is very stable. T or F?

false

Each of the 12 ribs articulates with one vertebra. Is this statement true or false?

false

Since a Colles' fracture can occur when a falling person attempts to break the fall with outstretched hands, an X ray will typically show that, at the site of the fracture, the hand is displaced in a ____________ direction. lateral medial anterior posterior

posterior

Which of the following bones is not part of pectoral girdle? the clavicle the coracoid process the scapula the humerus

the humerus

The anatomy of the thoracic cage provides ridged support and protection but at the same time is also flexible and mobile. Of the list below, which feature does NOT aid in the flexibility and movement of the thoracic cage? the costal cartilage the sternal angle the jugular notch the costal spaces occupied by costal muscle

the jugular notch