BIO181 Chapter 9

A DNA specimen that contains 30% guanine has _________ thymine. - 15% - 20% - 30% - 60% - The amount of thymine cannot be determined

20%

Which DNA strand is complementary to 5'-ATTCGGTGA-3'? - 5'-ТАAGCCACT3'. - 3'-CGGATTGTC-5'. - 5'-CGGATTGTC-3'. - 3'-ТАAGCCACТ-5'. - 3'-ATTCGGTGA-5.

3'-ТАAGCCACТ-5'.

Without the work of Rosalind Franklin, Watson and Crick would not have known - which nucleotides could pair together. - how many strands of DNA made up the molecule. - the shape of the molecule. - the width of the molecule. - All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Who discovered that DNA was the genetic material or transforming factor that could convert nonvirulent R-type Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium to the virulent S-type? - Weismann and Nageli - Griffith - Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty - Hershey and Chase - Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Which is FALSE when comparing RNA and DNA? - Both contain nucleotides connected by phosphodiester linkages. - Both have a 5' and a 3' end. - Both are contain purines and pyrimidines. - Both are composed of the same types of nucleotides. - Both are composed of nucleotides that contain a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Both are composed of the same types of nucleotides.

Which relationship about nucleotide composition in DNA is correct? - C+G=A+T - C+A=G+T - C=A - G=T - C=T

C+A=G+T

Griffith first proposed the "transformation principle" through his studies on Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium. What molecule was later found to be responsible for this phenomenon? - Protein - RNA - DNA - Phage - Bacteriophage

DNA

Which is NOT a critical factor for DNA replication of the leading strand? - Primer - DNA ligase - DNA polymerase - DNA primase - Deoxynucleoside triphosphates

DNA ligase

If there is 28% adenine, then there must be 28% cytosine for the DNA composition of a particular organism. - True - False

False

Studies by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty with different strains of bacteria determined that proteins are highly complex molecules that form the genetic material for bacteria and viruses. - True - False

False

Which scientist is incorrectly matched with their discovery? - Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin. .DNA structure - Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty.. ..DNA is the genetic material - Meselson and Stahl. .mechanism of DNA replication - Griffith. .chromosomes

Griffith. .chromosomes

Which of the following statements in TRUE? - Many active genes are found in euchromatin, because proteins involved in transcription can easily access these regions of DNA. - Euchromatin, found in interphase cells, is condensed and easily visible using a microscope. - A region of DNA is either heterochromatin or euchromatin, it cannot go back and forth between the two forms. - When DNA is being replicated, the chromosomes are composed chiefly of heterochromatin. - All of the choices are correct.

Many active genes are found in euchromatin, because proteins involved in transcription can easily access these regions of DNA.

Beginning with the simplest level of structure, which order of organization of genetic material is CORRECT? - Double helix, nucleotide, strand, genome, chromosome. - Nucleotide, strand, double helix, chromosome, genome. - Double helix, nucleotide, strand, chromosome, genome. - Nucleotide, double helix, strand, genome, chromosome. - Nucleotide, double helix, chromosome, strand, genome.

Nucleotide, strand, double helix, chromosome, genome.

Which statement about DNA is FALSE? - One chromosome is made up of many DNA molecules. - A eukaryotic genome is made up of many DNA molecules. - A DNA double helix contains both covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds. - A strand of DNA is made up of many nucleotides. - All of these are TRUE.

One chromosome is made up of many DNA molecules.

Bacteria are grown in 15N (heavy) medium and then transferred to 14N (light) medium and are allowed to replicate for 1 generation. The DNA is subsequently isolated and centrifuged in a CsCl2 gradient to yield what type of gradient band(s)? - One heavy band - One light band - One half-heavy (between heavy and light) band - One heavy and one half-heavy (between heavy and light) band - One heavy and one light band

One half-heavy (between heavy and light) band

In a single strand of DNA, nucleotides are connected by which type of bond? - Hydrogen - Peptide - Phosphodiester - Purine - lonic

Phosphodiester

Which is not a result of DNA polymerase III function? - DNA synthesis - DNA proofreading - Removal of RNA primers - Release of pyrophosphate - Covalent attachment of a nucleotide to the 3' OH of a growing DNA strand

Removal of RNA primers

Which of the following statements about the structure or composition of DNA is FALSE? - DNA is a double helix. - Complementary base-pairing occurs between pyrimidine and purine bases. -The amount of thymine closely approximates that of guanine within a particular organism. - Each nucleotide within a DNA strand is separated by about 0.34 nm. - Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine with cytosine.

The amount of thymine closely approximates that of guanine within a particular organism.

What is NOT a criterion for an organism's genetic material? - The genetic material must contain information necessary to construct a whole organism. - The genetic material must be transmitted from parent to offspring. - To transmit information the genetic material must be replicated. - The genetic material must be dynamic, changing rapidly in response to changes in the environment. - Genetic material must account for the known variation within each species and among different species.

The genetic material must be dynamic, changing rapidly in response to changes in the environment.

Okazaki fragments are sequences of DNA most often found on the lagging strand of DNA during DNA replication. - True - False

True

The actions of DNA helicase and DNA topoisomerase both promote the unwinding and uncoiling of DNA. - True - False

True

The building blocks of DNA are - genes. - double helices. - amino acids. - nucleotides. - chromosomes.

nucleotides.

The mechanism of DNA replication is - conservative. - intermediate. - semiconservative. - dispersive. - complementary.

semiconservative.

Which of these proteins is NOT matched with the correct function? - DNA polymerase. .DNA synthesis - DNA polymerase .primer removal and replacement with DNA - DNA primase...production of RNA primer - topoisomerase. separates double-stranded DNA into single strands - single-stranded binding proteins....prevents single DNA strands from reforming into a double helix

topoisomerase. separates double-stranded DNA into single strands

How many replication forks are there at an origin of replication? - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5

2

Which statement about DNA replication is INCORRECT? - It begins at multiple origins of replication sites along eukaryotic chromosomes. - It proceeds with the addition of new nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand. - It is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP. - Both strands within the DNA double helix are used as templates for synthesis of new strands. - It requires that the two strands in the double helix be separated from each other.

It is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP.

Why is there a need to produce Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, but not on the leading strand of DNA? - The two parental strands of DNA are antiparallel and DNA polymerase makes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction only. - It is substantially more efficient to make several shorter strands rather than one longer strand of DNA. - There is not enough cellular DNA ligase for bonding Okazaki fragments together if they were produced from both parental strands. - By having one leading strand and one lagging strand the cell can limit the amount of DNA polymerase used for chromosomal replication.

The two parental strands of DNA are antiparallel and DNA polymerase makes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction only.

All of the listed nucleotide bases are pyrimidines except __________. - adenine - thymine - cytosine - uracil - cytosine and thymine

adenine