BIO2514 Midterm

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

What is the regional term for the hip region?

coxal

Caveolae are closely associated with all of the following except

enzymes involved in cell metabolism

Which tissue type arises form all three embryonic germ layers?

epithelial tissue

Which tissue type arises from all three embryonic germ layers?

epithelial tissue

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called __ anatomy

gross

Which of the following are subdivisions of anatomy?

gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic

Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells?

microvilli

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except __

palms turned posteriorly

Which of the following is not a factor that binds cells together?

glycolipids in the glycocalyx

Which of the following statements is true of connective tissue?

Collagen fibers provides high tensile strength

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?

Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body

Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses?

Na

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?

sagittal

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) __ reaction

synthesis

The RNA responsible fro bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation is

tRNA

Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch?

tactile corpuscle

In which stage of mitosis do the identical sets of chromosomes uncoil and resume their chromatin form?

telophase

The chemical symbol O-O means

the atoms are double bonded

The reason the hypodermic acts as a shock absorber is that

the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

What happens in redox reactions?

the organic substance that loses hydrogen is usually reduced

If a tRNA has an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) __ mRNA codon

UCG

Cell type not found in areolar connective tissue

chondrocytes

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

brain

Which of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

nervous

The heart lies in the __ cavity

pericardial

Vernix caseosa is a

whitish material produced by fetal sebaceous glands

Select the correct statement regarding the stem cells of connective tissue

"Blast" cells are undifferentiated, actively dividing cells

An atom with a valence of 3 may have a total of __ electrons

13

The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?

2,8,1

Average body temperature is __ degrees centigrade

37

What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in neutral fats?

3:1

Atom X has 17 protons. How Manu electrons are in its valence shell?

7

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?

7

The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is

99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, and vitamin C

Once solid material is phagocytize and taken into a vacuole, which of the following a statements best describes what happens?

A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material

Once solid material is phagocytize and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens?

A lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material

Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule

CH4

Which glands produce ear wax?

Ceruminous glands

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched

Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region

Which of the following cells and their functions are correctly matched

Dendritic cells- activate the immune system

Which of the following is true about epithelia?

Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs

Which of the following does NOT describe enzymes?

Enzymes work by raising the energy of activation

How is hyaline cartilage different from elastic or fibrocartilage?

Fibers are not normally visible

What is the most important role of the arrector pili muscles in humans?

Force sebum out of the hair follicle to the skin surface

Which of the following is not a step in tissue repair?

Formation of new stem cells

Which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelium?

Golgi bodies

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?

HCI+NaOH -> NaCI+H2O

Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair

Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable

Select the correct statement about isotopes

Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic masses

In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?

It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a Vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism

Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane?

It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell

Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue

Its primary function is nutrient storage

Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does

Kinky hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts

Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does?

Kinky hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts

Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses

Na

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?

Lamellar granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces

Which of the following statements is false?

Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?

MRI

Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure?

Meissner's corpuscles

Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer

Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to precent them from metastasizing

Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands?

Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process

Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?

Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis

What moves cell organelles from one location to another inside a cell?

Motor proteins

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure

Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?

Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules

__ is an inherited condition that affects the heme pathway; it leaved the skin scarred and gums degenerated, and may have led to the folklore about vampires

Porphyria

__ is an inherited condition that affects the heme pathway; it leaves the skin scarred and gums degenerated, and may have led to the folklore about vampires

Porphyria

Which of the following statements indicated the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen

__ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane

Pseudostratified columnar

__ cavities are spaces within joints

Synovial

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?

The cells will lose water and shrink

Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion?

The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate

Select the most correct statement

The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system

Which statement is the most correct regarding transcription/translation?

The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it except that uracil is substituted for thymine

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential?

The resting membrane potential is maintained by solely by passive transport processes

Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostasis imbalance. Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison's disease?

The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance

Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which fo the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison's disease?

The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance

What does the formula C6H12O6 mean?

There are 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms

What dies CH4 mean?

There is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms

Which of the following is not true of proteins?

They appear to be the molecular carries of coded hereditary information

The design of a person's epidermal ridges is determined by the manner in which the papillae rest upon the dermal ridges to produce the specific pattern known as handprints, footprints, and fingerprints. Which of the following statements is true regarding these prints or ridges?

They are genetically determined, therefore unique to each person

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis us ACGTT, then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA?

UGCAA

Choose the following statement the is not completely correct regarding serious membranes

Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and partial pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart

__ is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal Boone growth and function

Vitamin D

Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-

a bicarbonate ion

In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have

a high degree of unsaturated bonds

Crenation (shrinking) is likely to occur in blood cells immersed in

a hypertonic solution

Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?

a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

What is a dipole?

a polar molecule

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

A gene can best be defined as

a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes

accumulated the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer

Which of the following is not a role of molecular chaperonins?

act as a platform for assembling primary protein structure

The function of the root hair plexus is to

allow the hair to assist in touch sensation

Peroxisomes

are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action

Edema occurs when

areolar tissue seals up excess fluid in an inflamed area

The anatomical position is used

as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body

A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?

basale

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?

blood

Which of the following is not fond in the matrix of cartilage but is found in bone?

blood vessels

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated

by hormones, especially androgens

Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. how do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?

by using the "rule of nines"

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart of blood vessels?

cardiovascular physiology

What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn?

catastrophic fluid loss

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cells consists of pinwheel array of 9 triplets of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a

centriole

Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to

changes in the environment

Stress proteins are a type of protein called

chaperones

The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is

collagen

You notice that you cannot read your book through a test tube of patient fluid held against the print, making it so blurred as to be unreadable. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days in a rack. What type of liquid is this?

colloid

Mitochondria __

contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the

control center

Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?

decay

The simple columnar epithelium that form absorptive cells of the digestive tract have which characteristic?

dense microvilli

The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superficial surface has structure called

dermal papillae

The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superficial surface has structure called:

dermal papillae

Which type of cell junction acts as anchors and distributes tension through a cellular sheet and reduces the chance of tearing when it is subjected to great mechanical stress?

desmosomes

An oblique cut is one that is cut

diagonally between vertical and horizontal planes

Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind?

dorsal

The shape of the external ear is maintained by

elastic cartilage

Mesenchymal cells are most commonly found in __ connective tissue

embryonic

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as

endocrine

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be

enhancement of labor contractions

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be __

enhancement of labor contractions

An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of __

excretion of metabolic waste

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for secretory use (export) only, never for use by the cell. This statement is

false; integral cell membrane proteins are also synthesized this way

Connective tissue matrix is composed of

fibers and ground substance

The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cells types are likely to be found in the dermis?

fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?

forming acid hydrolyses which are necessary to help form cell membranes

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

frontal

Which cells are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells?

goblet cells

The blast cell for blood production is the

hemocytolast

Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?

high heat of vaporization

Which is true concerning muscle tissue?

highly cellular and well vascularized

Which bonds after bond different parts of a molecule into a specific three-dimensional shape?

hydrogen

Which bonds often bind different parts of a molecule into a specific three-dimensional shape?

hydrogen

Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?

in the Hillary and anogenital area

The first step in tissue repair involves

inflammation

The first step is tissue repair involves

inflammation

Which of the following is NOT a role of cell adhesion molecules:

initiators to cell-to-cell signaling for muscle contraction

Heart muscle cells would tend to separate without

intercalated discs

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?

intestines

Salts are always __

ionic compounds

Mitosis

is division of the nucleus

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

left upper quadrant

Pseufostratified columnar epithelium ciliated variety

lines most of the respiratory tract

The parietal pleura would represent a serious membrane

lining the thoracic cavity

The integumentary system is protected but the action of cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Which of the following cell serve this function?

macrophages called dendritic cells (Langerhans Cell)

Which of these is an inclusion, not an organelle?

melanin

Which of the following would not be a constituent of a plasma membrane

messenger RNA

Which protein types are vitally important to cell function in all types of stressful circumstances?

molecular chaperones

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

molecular transport through the membrane

Passive membrane transport processes include

movement of a substance down its concentration gradient

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?

nutrition and hormones

The cavities housing the eyes are called __ cavities

orbital

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to person specific functions for the body is a(n)

organ

The functions of centrioles include

organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division

What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels?

osseous tissue

The single most important risk for skin cancer is

overexposure to UV radiation

Which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages?

phagocytosis

Which of the following does not describe uses for ATP molecule?

pigment structure

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

pleural, ventral, and thoracic

The posterior knee area is called

popliteal

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

protein synthesis in conjunction with ribosomes

Some hormones enter cells via

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells?

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blacks by the

removal of a water molecule between each two units

Which of the following does not serve as a signal for cell division?

repressor genes

Although the integument is a covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its function include

resident macrophage-like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system

Although the integument is a covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its functions include

resident macrophage-like cells whose functions is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system

Acne is a disorder associated with

sebaceous glands

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to __

sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue?

simple columnar

Which of the following is a single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serious membranes?

simple squamous

Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?

sodium

The epidermis consist of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?

stratum basale

The epidermis consists of five layers of cell, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?

stratum basale

A red blood cell placed in pure water would

swell and burst

A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with

the release of energy

The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?

the reticular layer

In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in

the smooth ER

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?

thoracic cavity

The term polled refers to the

thumb

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function form a(n)

tissue

Histology would be best defined as a study of

tissues

In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves

to hold the molecular backbone together

What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?

to maintain homeostasis

Which statement best describes connective tissue?

usually contains a large amount of matrix

The main component of the cytosol is

water


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