BIOL 1001 chap 3

Fluorine's atomic number is 9 and its atomic mass is 19. How many neutrons does fluorine have? A. 10 B. 28 C. 9 D. 81 E. 19

A. 10

An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many protons does boron have? A. 5 B. 16 C. 11 D. 6

A. 5

Which of the following BEST explains the molecular complexity of living organisms? A. A small number of monomers can be assembled into large polymers with many different sequences. B. Although there are not many biological molecules in cells, each one has many different functions. C. Each organism has its own unique set of monomers for use in constructing monomers. D. The large number of different monomers allows for the construction of many polymers. E. Condensation reactions can create different polymers because they can combine virtually any molecule in the cell.

A. A small number of monomers can be assembled into large polymers with many different sequences.

Evolution is often described as "survival of the fittest." How would a biologist best measure fitness from the perspective of evolution? A. Fitness is best measured by the number of offspring. The more offspring an organism has, the more its genes will be represented in the next generation. B. Fitness is best measured by the ability to survive in the environment. This is the definition of adaptation. C. Fitness is best measured by an organism's survival ability and number of offspring. Deficiencies in one can be compensated by the other. D. Fitness is best measured by an organism's speed and strength. These two characteristics are adaptive to most environments. E. Fitness is best measured by an organism's ability to find food and escape predators.

A. Fitness is best measured by the number of offspring. The more offspring an organism has, the more its genes will b represented in the next generation.

How are DNA, chromosomes, and genes related? A. Genes are segments of DNA that direct the formation of a specific character. All of the DNA in an organism makes up the chromosome. B. Chromosomes contain DNA, which is made up of genes. The DNA directs the formation of a specific characteristic. C.DNA contains genes that direct the formation of a specific characteristic. DNA is made up of chromosomes. D. Genes are made up of chromosomes and direct the formation of a specific characteristic. DNA and genes are the same thing. E. Chromosomes are built from genes, which direct the formation of a specific characteristic. DNA and genes are the same thing.

A. Genes are segments of DNA that direct the formation of a specific characteristic. All of the DNA in an organism makes up the chromosomes.

Suppose you have discovered a new virus and have isolated its nucleic acids. What feature could you look for to determine whether the nucleic acids of this virus are RNA and DNA? A. If it is RNA, it will contain ribose. B. If it is DNA, the virus will not contain proteins. C. If it is RNA, there will be no adenine. D. If it is RNA, it contain deoxyribose.

A. If it is RNA, it will contain ribose.

Which of the folliowing hace recent studies shown to be true? A. No matter how much weight is lost, it is difficult to keep it off permanently. B. The less weight a person loses, the easier it is to keep it off permanently. C. It is easier for thin people to lose weight than heavy people. D. The more weight a person loses, the easier it is to keep it off permanently.

A. No matter how much weight is lost, it is difficult to keep it off permanently.

Which of the following reactions requires the removal of water to form a covalent bond? A. fat ---> fatty acids + glycerol B. glucose + galactose ---> lactose C. glycogen ---> glucose sub-units D. peptide ---> alanine + glycine E. cellulose ---> glucose

B. glucose + galactose ---> lactose

Which of the following things would be considered complex AND organized? A. salt crystal B. red blood cell in the human body C. Atlantic Ocean

B. red blood cell in the human body

Complete this analogy: Atoms are to molecules as... A. tissues are to cells B. tissues are to organs C. atoms are to tissues D. organ systems are to cells E. cells are to organ systems

B. tissues are to organs

What are the 3 major groups or domains that scientists categorize organisms into?

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Glycogen is _________. A. a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls B. a polysaccharide found in animals C. the form in which plants store sugars D. a source of saturated fat E. a transport protein that carries oxygen

B. a polysaccharide found in animals

Which of the following can serve as an energy source and as structural support in plant cells? A. proteins B. carbohydrates C. lipids D. nucleic acids

B. carbohydrates

The fiber in your diet is actually: A. glycogen B. cellulose C. starch D. protein E. ATP

B. cellulose

Which of these is a polysaccharide? A. galactose B. cellulose C. sucrose D. lactose E. glucose

B. cellulose

What type of bond joins two hydrogen atoms? A. ionic B. covalent C. hydrogen

B. covalent

Most biological molecules are joined by: A. ionic bonds B. covalent bonds C. hydrogen bonds D. peptide bonds E. disulfide bonds

B. covalent bonds

Viruses only possess two of the characteristics of life. What are these two characteristics?

They reproduce and they evolve

DNA is hydrophobic. True or False?

True

A good quote to remember by virologist Luis Villarreal of the University of California Irvine....

"Viruses are parasites that skirt the boundaries between life and inert matter,"

What are the 4 categories that all biological molecules fall into?

1. Carbohydrates 2. lipids 3. proteins 4. nucleotides/nucleic acids

What are the 4 kingdoms that the domain Eukarya consist of?

1. Fungi 2. Plantae 3. Animalia 4. The "protists"

What are the 3 major groups of lipids?

1. Oils, fats, and waxes 2. Phospholipids 3. Steroids containing rings of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

All nucleotides are made up of what 3 parts?

1. Phosphate group 2. 5-carbon sugar 3. Nitrogen containing base

If electrons in water molecules were equally attracted to the hydrogen and oxygen atoms, how would this affect the bonds between them? A. The bond would become less polar. B. The bond would become covalent. C. The bond would break. D. The bond would become a hydrogen bond. E. The bond would become more polar. F. The bond would become ionic.

A. The bond would become less polar.

Consider a molecule formed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms bound together. What properties might this molecule have? A. This molecule would be hydrophobic, B. This molecule would have a high specific heat. C. This molecule would be ionic, D. The molecule would act as a polar solvent. E. The molecule would make hydrogen bonds with other like molecules.

A. The molecule would be hydrophobic.

All monosaccharides and disaccharides dissolve in water. Why is this? A. The oxygen in carbohydrates creates polar bonds. B. Water can perform hydrolysis on disaccharides, splitting them into smaller monosaccharides. C. The water in carbohydrates mixes with other water and dissolves. D. The dehydration synthesis reactions used to create disaccharides also creates water. E. The carbon and hydrogen in carbohydrates create non-polar bonds

A. The oxygen in carbohydrates creates polar bonds.

What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth? A. cellulose B. starch C. lactose D. glycogen E. glucose

A. cellulose

All of the following lipids or lipid components are hydrophobic EXCEPT: A. fatty acid "heads" B. fatty acid "tails" C. saturated fats D. unsaturated fats E. waxes

A. fatty acid "heads"

In humans, dental cavities form when Streptococcus mutans bacteria in the mouth hydrolyze sucrose. Which of the following is/are released during this reaction? A. glucose and fructose B. glucose and galactose C. starch D. glycogen

A. glucose and fructose

To test the effect of vitamin D on growth, two groups of rats were raised under identical conditions and fed the same diet. One of the groups received daily injections of vitamin D. The other group received injections of saline, which did not contain vitamin D. All the rats were weighed weekly for two months. In this experiment, the control was: A. group receiving saline B. 2-month period of time C. average weight gain of the rats D. group receiving vitamin D

A. group receiving saline

Which of the following hormones is known to suppress hunger and increase metabolism? A. leptin B. thyroxine C. ghrelin D. gibberellin

A. leptin

After you drink a glass of acidic lemonade, your body's pH does not change. This is an example of how humans and other organisms: A. maintain homeostasis B. evolve in response to the environment C. maintain cellular organization D. are immune to weak acids

A. maintain homeostasis

A(n) ________ refers to two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. A. molecule B. isotope C. community D. ion E. shell

A. molecule

Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? A. olive oil B. beef fat C. butter D. a fat that is solid at room temperature E. lard

A. olive oil

What type of structure joins the polymers in a protein's primary structure? A. peptide B. ionic C. hydrogen D. S---S E. hydrophobic

A. peptide

DNA carries genetic information in its: A. sequence of bases B. phosphate groups C. tertiary structure D. helical form E. sugar forms

A. sequence of bases

What is the purpose of controls in an experiment? A. to make sure that any change is due to only one variable B. to allow more things to be tested at once C. to make the experiment safer D. to keep scientists from pursing unethical questions and practices E. to make the experiment perform as expected

A. to make sure that any change is due to only one variable

Which type of molecule is most abundant in a typical cell? A. water B. hydrocarbon C. carbohydrate D. lipid E. protein

A. water

About one in _____ Americans is considered obese. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

B. 3

Which of the following is true? A. Body fat does not affect production of leptin. B. A person with more body fat will produce more leptin than a person with less body fat. C. All people produce the same amount of leptin. D. A person with more body fat will produce less leptin than a person with less body fat.

B. A person with more body fat will produce more leptin than a person with less body fat.

Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning? A. Atoms make up molecules, which make up cells, which make up tissues. B. If a new species of bacteria is discovered, it will be made up of organic molecules. C. All objects on Earth will fall down when dropped, and none will "fall up." D. Living objects are composed of cells.

B. If a new species of bacteria is discovered, it will be made up of organic molecules.

What is the atomic number of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons? A. 18 B. 12 C. 6 D. -1 E. 0

C. 6

Which of the following is true regarding faith-based assertions and scientific theories? A. Faith-based assertions can become scientific theories. B. Both faith-based assertions and scientific theories can be proven. C. Any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based assertions cannot. D. Any and all faith-based assertions can be disproven, but scientific theories cannot. E. Scientific theories are not modifiable, but faith-based assertions are.

C. Any and all scientific theories can be disproven, but faith-based assertions cannot.

What do carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins all have in common? A. Polymers of these molecules form monomers via condensation reactions. B. All are inorganic molecules with various functional groups attached. C. Covalent bonding holds these molecules together. D. All are important enzymes that function within the cell.

C. Covalent bonding holds these molecules together.

In what domain do you belong? A. Archae B. Homo C. Eukarya D. sapiens E. Prokarya

C. Eukarya

New gov't regulations require foods containing trans fats be labeled appropriately. A trans fat is formed when food manufacturers turn lipid oils into solid fats by adding hydrogen to vegetable oils. This hydrogenation process produces a solid fat b/c adding the hydrogen: A. allows fats to form tertiary and quarternary structures, B. causes a phospholipid to form. C. allows the fatty acid chains to pack together more tightly. D. forms a wax molecule.

C. allows the fatty acid chains to pack together more tightly

Proteins are polymers of ________. A. glycerol B. hydrocarbons C. amino acids D. CH2O units E. nucleotides

C. amino acids

Which of the following levels of organization is the most inclusive (that is, includes the most life-forms)? A. population B. community C. biosphere D. organ system E. ecosystem

C. biosphere

The carbohydrate in DNA is: A. cellulose B. glucose C. deoxyribose D. phosphate E. ribose

C. deoxyribose

When one gram of each of the following is metabolized, which yields the greatest amount of energy? A. polypeptide B. glycerol C. fat D. sucrose E. glucose

C. fat

You are voraciously hungry and your doctor says it is a hormone imbalance. Which hormone do you likely have a very high level of? A. leptin B. thyroxine C. ghrelin D. gibberellin

C. ghrelin

The process of homeostasis is: A. how cells produce energy B. the mechanism by which living organisms evolve C. how organisms maintain a relatively constant internal environment D. a good name or a rock and roll band

C. how organisms maintain a relatively constant internal environment

What name is given to the bond between water molecules? A. ionic B. covalent C. hydrogen D. single (nonpolar) covalent E. hydrophobic

C. hydrogen

The complexity of living systems: A. is unique to living systems B. is the simple defining characteristic of living things C. is also highly organized D. is found only in humans

C. is also highly organized

Identify a characteristic that is representative of some, but not all, life-forms? A. change over time in order to adapt to changing environments B. maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment despite changing external environments C. movement over great distances D. acquisition and use of energy

C. movement over great distances

Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on ________. A. bonds between sulfur atoms B. ionic bonds C. peptide bonds D. hydrogen bonds E. hydrophobic interactions

C. peptide bonds

The "first cells" at the bottom of the bacteria, archaea, and eukarya tree of life most likely refer to: A. plants B. protists C. prokaryotes D. animals E. fungi

C. prokaryotes

DNA is a molecule that directly allows a living thing to: A. move B. speak C. store information

C. store information

An example of a stimulus that a plant would respond to is: A. the sound of a radio B. the smell of candy C. sunlight

C. sunlight

All cells contain: A. Genes B. Organelles C. Plasma Membrane D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of these is NOT scientific? A. NASA sends tadpoles up in the space shuttle to see how gravity affects their development. B. People are immunized with different vaccines to determine their relative effectiveness against the flu virus. C. A study determines differences in the species composition in two parks. D. Consumers are asked which tomato variety produces the best-tasting spaghetti sauce. E. A company uses different advertising methods for a product to determine which one produces the most sales.

D. Consumers are asked which tomato variety produces the best tasting spaghetti-sauce.

Which of these relationships is true of an uncharged atom? A. The number of electrons is equal to the number of neutrons. B. The atomic mass is equal to the atomic number. C. The atomic mass is equal to the number of electrons. D. The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons E. The number of neutrons is equal to the number of protons.

D. The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons

What makes carbohydrates different from other organic molecules? A. They are inorganic. B. They are a good source of nutrition. C. They are made of monomers. D. They contain a large number of oxygen atoms E. They provide energy F. They contain a large number of hydrogen atoms.

D. They contain a large number of oxygen atoms.

Living systems need energy to: A. replace worn-out parts B. grow larger C. help maintain a relatively constant internal environment D. all of the above

D. all of the above

An ionic bond involves ________. A. water avoidance B. the sharing of a single pair of electrons C.the unequal sharing of an electron pair D. an attraction between ions of opposite charges E. no atoms other than sodium and chlorine

D. an attraction between ions of opposite charges

Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule? A. lipid B. monosaccharide C. nucleic acid D. carbon monoxide E. protein

D. carbon monoxide

Which is the correct sequence of increasing organization? A. organ, tissue, cell, molecule B. molecule, cell, organelle, organ C. organelle, tissue, cell, organ D. cell, tissue, organ, organ system E. atom, molecule, tissue, cell

D. cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Chromosomes are made of: A. proteins B. organelles C. cells D. deoxyribonucleic acid

D. deoxyribonucleic acid

A(n) ___________ bond joins two oxygen atoms A. ionic B. covalent C. hydrogen D. double covalent E. single covalent

D. double covalent

Phospholipids are unusual yet important to cell membrane structure because they: A. are found only in animals B. are part of DNA C. contain nucleic acids D. have a polar end and a nonpolar end E. are an important energy carrier molecule

D. have a polar end and a nonpolar end

The secondary structure of a protein results from ________. A. peptide bonds B. hydrophobic interactions C. bonds between sulfur atoms D. hydrogen atoms E. ionic bonds

D. hydrogen atoms

Which of these is a source of lactose? A. sugar cane B. starch C. potatoes D. milk E. sugar beets

D. milk

What is the most important single factor necessary for creating diversity of life? A. evolution B. adaptation C. environment D. mutation E. natural selection

D. mutation

A fat has _______, wheras an oil has ________. A. no double bonds and is unsaturated; double bonds and is saturated B. double bonds and is saturated; no double bonds and is unsaturated C. double bonds and is unsaturated; no double bonds and is saturated D. no double bonds and is saturated; double bonds and is unsaturated

D. no double bonds and is saturated; double bonds and is unsaturated

Keratin and silk are examples of ______, whereas glucose and maltose are examples of _______. A. nucleic acids; lipids B. carbohydrates; proteins C. proteins; lipids D. proteins; carbohydrates

D. proteins; carbohydrates

Where does the energy by heterotrophs originate? A. autotrophs B. heterotrophs C. photosynthesis D. the sun E. food

D. the sun

The specific function of a protein is determined by the: A. number of disulfide bonds. B. hydrophilic "head" attached to the hydrophobic "tail." C. fatty acids that are joined together in the polypeptide. D. three-dimensional structure. E. number of pepide bonds it contains.

D. three-dimensional structure.

The innermost electron shell of an atom can hold up to ___ electrons. A. 32 B. 1 C. 8 D. 18 E. 2

E. 2

What is the difference between carbohydrates and lipids? A. Carbohydrates form rings and lipids do not. B. Carbohydrates form polymers from monomers and lipids do not. C. Carbohydrates form part of a cell and lipids do not. D. Carbohydrates do not dissolve in oil, but oils dissolve in carbohydrates. E. Carbohydrates have mostly polar bonds and lipids do not.

E. Carbohydrates have mostly polar bonds and lipids do not.

How does the process of evolution take place? A. Evolution occurs when natural selection creates new mutations in organisms that help them to survive and reproduce. B. Natural selection occurs when mutation creates new adaptations that help an organism to evolve better. C.Evolution occurs when natural selection creates new adaptations that result in genetic variations that help organisms survive and reproduce. D. Adaptation occurs when mutation evolves new genetic variations in a species. E. Evolution results from natural selection preserving mutations that result in adaptations of a species to the environment.

E. Evolution results from natural selection preserving mutations that result in adaptations of a species to the environment.

You are a NASA scientist and have discovered an organism in outer space that contains its genetic material in the cytoplasm rather than in a nucleus and cannot perform photosynthesis. Given these characteristics, how might you classify this organism? A. Fungi B. Bacteria C. Archae D. Eukaryote E. Prokaryote

E. Prokaryote

Which of these is NOT a lipid? A. steroids B. phospholipid C. wax D. cholesterol E. RNA

E. RNA

Which of these refers to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses? A. These atoms have different protons B. These atoms have different numbers of electrons C. These atoms are different elements D. These atoms are isomers. E. These atoms are isotopes.

E. These atoms are isotopes.

Which of the following is FALSE about scientific theories? A. They have been thoroughly tested. B. They can be either supported or modified by new observations. C. They are developed by inductive reasoning. D. They are used to support observations using deductive reasoning. E. They are firmly established and cannot be refuted.

E. They are firmly established and cannot be refuted.

Atoms with the same number of protons but with different electrical charges _______. A. have different atomic numbers B. have different numbers of neutrons C. are different isotopes D. have different atomic masses E. are different ions

E. are different ions

A function of cholesterol that does not harm health as its role _______. A. the most abundant male sex hormone B. all of cholesterol's effects cause the body harm C. in calcium and phosphate metabolism D. as the primary female sex hormone E. as a component of animal cell membranes

E. as a component of animal cell membranes

In salt, what is the nature of the bond between sodium and chlorine? A. hydrophobic B. hydrogen C. nonpolar covalent D. polar covalent E. ionic

E. ionic

glucose + glucose ---> _____ by ______. A. cellulose + water ... hydrolysis B. sucrose + water ... dehydration synthesis C. starch + water ... dehydration synthesis D. lactose + water ... hydrolysis E. maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis

E. maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis

Peptide bonds are linked by covalent bonds within the _______ structure, whereas the hydrogen bonds hold together molecules within the helical _______ structure. A. secondary; quaternary B. primary; tertiary C. secondary; tertiary D. tertiary; quaternary E. primary; secondary

E. primary; secondary

What determines the types of chemical reactions that an atom participates in? A. its atomic mass B. its atomic number C. the number of electrons in the innermost D. the number of protons it contains E. the number of electrons in the outermost shell

E. the number of electrons in the outermost shell

Which of the other organic compounds are chemically similar to nucletotides? A. only carbohydrates B. only proteins C. only lipids D. carbohydrates and proteins E. carbohydrates and lipids F. carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

F. carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

A good experiment should include as many variables as possible at the same time. True or False?

False

Are viruses alive?

No