BIOL 1001 Hrincevich Chapter 1 HW/Quiz Questions

Bacteria are_______________, or single-celled, organisms.

unicellular

_____________________________ is the process of generating hypotheses from a well-supported generalization such as a scientific theory.

Deductive reasoning

To what domain do you belong? A. Homo B. Prokarya C. Archaea D. Sapiens E. Eukarya

E. Eukarya

giga-

giant (1,000,000,000)

micro-

small (0.000001)

deka- (or deca-)

ten (10)

Which of the following can be found in bacteria, but not viruses? A. a cell membrane B. genetic material C. nucleic acids D. proteins

A. A cell membrane

A statement describing an expected observation or outcome of a scientific experiment is known as a(n) ______________.

prediction

A(n) ____________ cell lacks a nucleus.

prokaryotic

An animal or other organism that cannot make its own food is known as a(n)______________.

heterotroph

metr-

measure

mega-

large (1,000,000)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things? A. having DNA as a genetic code B. being capable of reproduction C. responding to stimuli D. exhibiting complex organization E. creating energy

E. Creating energy

Homeostasis is a living organism's ______. A. ability to maintain constant internal conditions even when environmental conditions change. B. attempt to cool off, even when it is cold outside. C. attempt to carry out photosynthesis even when there is no sunlight present. D. ability to hibernate during cold times of the year. E. ability to pump blood through the body.

A. Ability to maintain constant internal conditions even when environmental conditions change.

What is the eventual fate of all energy acquired by life? A. It becomes heat. B. It becomes part of a living thing. C. It becomes sunlight. D. It is recycled. E. It becomes atoms.

A. It becomes heat.

Which of the following is a characteristic of life ( from a biological perspective ) shown by a computer? A. It responds to stimuli. B. It evolves. C. It reproduces. D. It dies. E. It is made of cells.

A. It responds to stimuli.

By definition, "living things, or organisms, all share certain characteristics that, taken together, define life." Which of the statements below would not be correct with respect to this statement? A. Organisms grow and reproduce sexually. B. Organisms actively maintain organized complexity. C. Organisms acquire and use materials and energy. D. Organisms, collectively, evolve. E. Organisms sense and respond to stimuli

A. Organisms grow and reproduce sexually.

Which of these is an example of maintaining a constant internal environment? A. sweating in the sun B. running from a dog C. eating a sandwich D. laughing at a joke E. bleeding from a cut

A. Sweating in the sun

Which of the following statements correctly summarizes the effects of mutation? A. The process of mutation creates both helpful and harmful genetic variations in a species. B. The process of mutation causes evolution, which is helpful to a species. C. The process of mutation mostly creates harmful variations in a species. D. The process of mutation creates helpful genetic variations in some species, but harmful variations in others. E. The process of mutation causes adaptation to occur, which can be both helpful and harmful to a species. F. The process of mutation causes helpful genetic variations within a species.

A. The process of mutation creates both helpful and harmful genetic variations in a species.

Viruses are ____. A. not alive because they are not made of cells and require a host cell for reproduction. B. not alive because they can only carry out photosynthesis and not cellular respiration. C. alive because they mutate and change over time through evolution. D. alive because they often contain DNA.

A. not alive because they are not made of cells and require a host cell for reproduction.

What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment? A. to provide a standard for comparison; control groups have expected and predictable outcomes. B. to allow more things to be tested at once. C. to make the experiment perform as expected. D. to make the experiment safer. E. to keep scientists from pursuing unethical questions and practices.

A. to provide a standard for comparison; control groups have expected and predictable outcomes.

Based on your understanding of the different levels of biological organization, which level from the choices below would be the smallest, most-exclusive grouping? A. Ecosystem B. Population C. Species D. Community E. Biosphere

B. Population

Why is combination drug therapy for HIV/AIDS less likely to lead to resistance than single drug therapy? A. There are fewer side effects associated with combination drug therapy, and the appearance of resistance is directly related to the severity of side effects. B. The likelihood of one virus spontaneously mutating to be resistant to several different drugs at the same time is extremely small. C. In the presence of multiple drugs, the mutation rate of HIV decreases. D. The drugs improve the immune system so that it is better able to find and remove virus particles.

B. The likelihood of one virus spontaneously mutating to be resistant to several different drugs at the same time is extremely small.

Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE? A. Vaccines are available to prevent several diseases caused by viruses. B. The widespread use of antibiotics has led to resistant strains of viruses. C. If a virus mutates, the immune system may not recognize the virus. D. People can get colds and flus again because the viruses are constantly mutating.

B. The widespread use of antibiotics has led to resistant strains of viruses.

Which of these statements about scientific theories is true? A. Theories haven't been shown to be correct. B. Theories can be disproven by new evidence. C. Theories are beliefs about how things work. D. Theories are a guess about how things work. E. Theories don't have as much evidence as laws.

B. Theories can be disproven by new evidence.

Suppose you were in charge of sending an unmanned space probe to a new planet in search of life. The probe would be able to collect and test samples and make observations, but the planet is too far away for the probe to be able to bring samples back to Earth. The probe is small and would only be able to run a few tests, so you want to pick a test for evidence of life that is broad enough to incorporate all forms of life as we know it. Which one of the following tests would be the best to use in this situation? A. a test for the presence of things that change size quickly, since it would be an indication of growth and development. B. a test for the presence of cells that contain DNA. C. a test for the presence of large organisms capable of movement. D. a test for the presence of soil suitable for growing plants.

B. a test for the presence of cells that contain DNA.

_________________ is the study of living things.

Biology

Which of these scenarios is the best example of natural selection? A. Two tribes of humans live near one another. One decorates its warriors with white mud from the river and another uses black mud from a pond. One night, the white-mud tribe tries to make an attack on the other tribe, but is spotted early due to the gleaming white color of its warriors. The black-mud tribe wipes it out in the battle and takes over its land. B. A population of wild cats lives in a suburban neighborhood. Children in the area begin throwing rocks at the cats to scare them away. After several years, the cats are all observed to run from any child they see, even ones new to the neighborhood. C. A population of moths has a mottled gray and black camouflage to hide from birds. This camouflage matches the color of the tree bark in the area. An industrial complex is built nearby and pollution darkens the tree bark. After several generations, the moths are almost completely black. D. Every winter and spring, a migrating flock of geese stops at a particular pond during its journey. During a particularly hard drought, the pond dries up for a year. The geese briefly stop at the empty pond, but do not stay. Next year, when the pond fills again, the geese do not return.

C. A population of moths has a mottled gray and black camouflage to hide from birds. This camouflage matches the color of the tree bark in the area. An industrial complex is built nearby and pollution darkens the tree bark. After several generations, the moths are almost completely black.

If two populations of the same species live in different environments for a long time, what will likely occur? A. Neither population will be able to adapt to its environment. B. One population will evolve better adaptations than the other. C. Evolution can result in enough differences between the populations that they can't interbreed. D. Different mutations may occur in each population, but natural selection will favor the same adaptations in both. E. Natural selection will preserve the same adaptations in both, preventing random differences from appearing.

C. Evolution can result in enough differences between the populations that they can't interbreed.

Your physics professor tells the class that she has recently disproven the theory of gravity. She claims that gravity has nothing to do with mass and is really a function of speed. Objects that are not moving relative to each other are attracted, but objects that are moving parallel to each other actually repel one another. To demonstrate, she holds a paper airplane level in her hand and releases it. It falls toward the ground. She then throws the airplane horizontally and the airplane turns upward, flying away from the ground. Once the airplane is flying directly upward, it rapidly stops and begins to fall. What do you, as a good scientist, do next? A. I read the evidence that has already been presented about gravity and decide for myself which is correct. B. I show the teacher the original evidence that proved gravity as a theory is correct. C. I figure out a different hypothesis for why the plane flew upward. D. I accept my teacher's statements as an authority on physics. E. I accept the teacher's evidence as proof until I see evidence that gravity as a theory is true. F. I look up authoritative sources that describe gravity as a theory.

C. I figure out a different hypothesis for why the plane flew upward.

The greater prairie chicken lives in the grasslands of the middle United States. In Illinois, a large amount of the habitat for this animal was converted to farmland, to the point in which a population of only 50 birds remained in the state. Researchers measured the percentage of eggs that hatched each year and the average genetic diversity at six different genes and then compared them to two other populations. What do these data suggest about species that become endangered? Location Genetic Diversity % of Eggs Hatched Illinois 3.7 50% Nebraska 5.8 96% Minnesota 5.3 85%. A. Genetic diversity is unrelated to the success of egg hatching. B. Chickens require a minimum number of birds to hatch eggs. C. Loss of genetic diversity can harm the ability of an endangered species to reproduce. D. People should worry less about how many members of a species are left and worry more about their diversity. E. Populations near extinction have trouble reproducing.

C. Loss of genetic diversity can harm the ability of an endangered species to reproduce.

In what way are energy and nutrients similar? A. They both can be recycled. B. They both provide the power to do work. C. They both can be eaten. D. They both are made of atoms. E. They both can be created by life.

C. They both can be eaten.

Which of the following is an example of a neutral mutation? A. lung cancer B. your skin developing melanoma from extended exposure to the sun without using sunscreen C. a child born with blue eyes from two brown-eyed parents D. an individual with Down syndrome, who has inherited an extra chromosome

C. a child born with blue eyes from two brown-eyed parents

Which level of organization is one step above cells? A. organs B. living things C. tissues D. animals E. molecules F. multi-cellular organism

C. tissues

You are talking with a friend about why sports teams win more often when playing home games. Your friend says, "I have a theory about that." How would a proper scientist say this phrase? A. "I have a question about that." B. "I have a theory about that." C. "I have an observation about that." D. "I have a hypothesis about that." E. "I know a fact about that."

D. "I have a hypothesis about that."

You are a NASA scientist and have discovered an organism in outer space that stores its genetic material in the cytoplasm rather than in a nucleus and cannot perform photosynthesis. Given these characteristics, how might you classify this organism? A. bacteria B. eukaryote C. fungi D. prokaryote E. archaea

D. Prokaryote

Atoms are to molecules as __________. A. atoms are to tissues B. tissues are to cells C. organ systems are to cells D. tissues are to organs E. cells are to organ systems

D. Tissues are to organs

In which of the three domains do we see examples of organisms that are multicellular? A. Eukarya and Bacteria B. Bacteria only C. Bacteria and Archaea D. Archaea only E. Eukarya only

E. Eukarya only (Only within the domain Eukarya do we see examples of multicellular organisms. However, not all organisms within this domain are multicellular. The Protistans are examples of single-celled eukaryotes.)

How does the process of evolution take place? A. Adaptation occurs when mutation evolves new genetic variations in a species. B. Evolution occurs when natural selection creates new adaptations that result in genetic variations that help organisms survive and reproduce. C. Evolution occurs when natural selection creates new mutations in organisms that help them to survive and reproduce. D. Natural selection occurs when mutation creates new adaptations that help an organism to evolve better. E. Evolution results from natural selection preserving favorable mutations that result in adaptations of a species to the environment, which help that species to survive and reproduce.

E. Evolution results from natural selection preserving favorable mutations that result in adaptations of a species to the environment, which help that species to survive and reproduce.

Evolution is often described as "survival of the fittest." How would a biologist best measure fitness from the perspective of evolution? A. Fitness is best measured by an organism's speed and strength. These two characteristics are adaptive to most environments. B. Fitness is best measured by the ability to survive in the environment. This is the definition of adaptation. C. Fitness is best measured by an organism's ability to find food and escape from predators. D. Fitness is best measured by an organism's survival ability and number of offspring. Deficiencies in one can be compensated by the other. E. Fitness is best measured by the number of offspring. The more offspring an organism has that survive to reproduce, the more its genes will be represented in the next generation and beyond.

E. Fitness is best measured by the number of offspring. The more offspring an organism has that survive to reproduce, the more its genes will be represented in the next generation and beyond.

How are DNA, chromosomes, and genes related? A. Genes are made up of chromosomes and direct the formation of a specific characteristic. DNA and genes are the same thing. B. Chromosomes are built from genes, which direct the formation of a specific characteristic. DNA and genes are the same thing. C. DNA contains chromosomes that direct the formation of a specific characteristic. Genes are made up of chromosomes. D. Chromosomes contain DNA, which is made up of genes. The DNA directs the formation of a specific characteristic. E. Genes are segments of DNA that direct the formation of a specific characteristic. All of the DNA in an organism makes up the chromosomes.

E. Genes are segments of DNA that direct the formation of a specific characteristic. All of the DNA in an organism makes up the chromosomes.

What is the term used to describe the ability of an organism to maintain its internal environment within the limits required to sustain life? A. Homeoregulation B. Homeomaintenance C. Heteroregulation D. Heterostasis E. Homeostasis

E. Homeostasis

One night, while you're studying hard for a biology test, your dog begins barking at you. You are not sure why she is barking, but then you remember that you haven't fed her tonight. You think, "Maybe she's hungry." If you are following the scientific method, what should you do next? A. Conclude that the dog is hungry. B. Form a hypothesis. C. Go to the store and purchase dog food. How would someone assess this? Seems odd. D. Perform an experiment. E. Make a prediction. F. Feed the dog.

E. Make a prediction.

How do the terms "natural selection" and "evolution" compare? A. Natural selection results in small changes; evolution results in larger changes. B. Evolution requires natural selection. C. Natural selection and evolution mean the same thing. D. Natural selection is a theory; evolution is not. E. Natural selection is a force that causes evolution.

E. Natural selection is a force that causes evolution.

Which of these is a characteristic of life possessed by viruses? A. They are made of cells. B. They grow. C. They respond to stimuli. D. They maintain homeostasis. E. They reproduce.

E. They reproduce.

Based on your understanding of the term "scientific method," which of the choices below would be the correct sequence of events after you would make an observation about an event? A. hypothesis, question, prediction, experiment, conclusion B. experiment, question, hypothesis, prediction, conclusion C. question, hypothesis, experiment, prediction, conclusion D. question, hypothesis, prediction, conclusion, experiment E. question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

E. question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

Which of these is a characteristic of all life? A. using oxygen B. thinking C. moving D. making energy E. eating F. growing

F. growing

A plant or other organism that can make its own food is known as a(n) ______________.

autotroph

milli-

one-thousandth (0.001)

A(n) ____________ consists of all the organisms and their nonliving environment within a given area.

ecosystem

A(n) _____________ cell has a "true" membrane-enclosed nucleus.

eukaryotic

In contrast, most fungi, plants, and animals are many-celled, or________________.

multicellular

hecto-

one hundred (100)

kilo-

one thousand (1,000)

centi-

one-hundredth (0.01)

deci-

one-tenth (0.1)