BIOl 1407 Exam 2

Which group uses lobe-shaped pseudopods for locomotion? a. Amoebozoans b. Radiolarians c. Euglenids d. Foraminiferans e. Ciliates

a. Amoebozoans

Match the name of the bacteria from the list below with the description that follows: These bacteria photosynthesize using chlorophyll a, produced the oxygen of Earth's early atmosphere, and contain photosynthetic lamellae. a. Cyanobacteria b. Spirochetes c. Chlamydias d. Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria e. Actinobacteria

a. Cyanobacteria

What are the organisms shown in the figure? a. Diatoms b. Radiolarians c. Euglenids d. Foraminiferans e. Apicomplexans

a. Diatoms

Based on the figure, which statement about the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic mitochondria is true? a. Mitochondria are derived from endosymbiotic bacteria. b. The common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya possessed mitochondria. c. Some prokaryotic archaea possess mitochondria. d. Mammals possess chloroplasts, which become functional during starvation. e. Bacteria is more closely related to Eukarya than to Archaea.

a. Mitochondria are derived from endosymbiotic bacteria.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of prokaryotic cells? a. A membrane-enclosed nucleus b. A photosynthetic membrane system c. Peptidoglycan d. Circular DNA e. Ribosomes

a. membrane-enclosed nucleus

Fungi that break down a fallen tree are considered a. saprobic. b. competitive. c. predatory. d. parasitic. e. mutualistic.

a. saprobic.

Pores in the surfaces of _______ allow cell organelles and cytoplasm to pass through. a. septa b. mycelia c. hyphae d. coenocytic hyphae e. fruiting bodies

a. septa

Which statement best describes the relationship between the nematode and the fungus shown? a. The fungus and nematode have a symbiotic relationship in which both benefit from each other. b. The fungus acts as a predator, trapping the nematode and invading it with hyphae to extract nutrients. c. The nematode is a parasite that takes nutrients from the fungus. d. The fungus acts as a parasite, invading the nematode and living within the host, causing only minimal harm. e. The nematode is a pathogen of fungi and consumes the hyphae as a source of carbon.

b. The fungus acts as a predator, trapping the nematode and invading it with hyphae to extract nutrients.

In terrestrial ecosystems, a major role of saprobic fungi is to a. trap atmospheric CO2. b. break down carbon compounds. c. act as pathogens of plants and animals. d. parasitize plants and animals. e. release NH4+ into the environment.

b. break down carbon compounds.

The ancestor of photosynthetic euglenids took up the chloroplast of a green alga. This explains why photosynthetic euglenids a. have a flagellum. b. have the same photosynthetic pigments as plants. c. are ancestral to land plants. d. have two nuclei. e. lose their photosynthetic pigments when kept in the dark.

b. have the same photosynthetic pigments as plants.

If you were to examine limestone deposits throughout the world, which group of organisms would you expect to find in the greatest abundance? a. Radiolarians b. Dinoflagellates c. Foraminiferans d. Heliozoans e. Oomycetes

c. Foraminiferans

Rhizoids, which function to attach the fungus to a substrate, are a modified form of which of the following? a. Septa b. Mycelia c. Hyphae d. Coenocytic hyphae e. Fruiting bodies

c. Hyphae

Which group contains multicellular brown algae and giant kelps? a. Diplomonads b. Chlorophytes c. Stramenopiles d. Alveolates e. Euglenids

c. Stramenopiles

Which protist group includes species that are photosynthetic, multicellular, and many meters long? a. Alveolates b. Excavates c. Stramenopiles d. Rhizarians e. Amoebozoans

c. Stramenopiles

Which statement about hyperthermophilic bacteria is true? a. Their high metabolic rates create high temperatures. b. Their metabolic rates speed up as the temperature drops. c. They live in conditions that may resemble those of Earth's early environments. d. They cannot tolerate high temperatures. e. They lack properly folded proteins at high temperatures.

c. They live in conditions that may resemble those of Earth's early environments.

33. Which of the following is used in the production of beer and wine? a. Lichens b. Mycorrhizae c. Yeasts d. Aspergillus molds e. Penicillium molds

c. Yeasts

Methanogenic euryarchaeotes are obligate anaerobes, some of which live in the intestinal tracts of mammals and other animals. From this information, one can conclude that the environment in the intestinal tracts a. is rich in oxygen. b. is rich in sulfur. c. is low in oxygen. d. lacks methane. e. contains termites.

c. is low in oxygen.

. In the life cycle of a fungus, the fruiting structure a. attracts predators away from the underground mycelium. b. carries out gas exchange with the atmosphere. c. produces spores for reproduction. d. absorbs light for photosynthesis. e. supplies nutrients to the underground mycelium.

c. produces spores for reproduction.

Medications and environmental influences that destroy numerous microbes in the human body would a. promote good health. b. prevent all infections. c. likely be injurious to human health. d. affect only pathogenic bacteria. e. result in fewer autoimmune diseases.

likely be injurious to human health.

The common ancestry (monophyly) of all of life is confirmed by a. the similar appearances of organisms in all major groups. b. ample fossil evidence. c. DNA as the genetic material that codes for proteins. d. the presence of specialized cell membrane infoldings. e. the biochemical similarities in membrane composition.

DNA as the genetic material that codes for proteins

Which of the following would be favored by acidophilic thermophiles? a. The stomachs of many herbivores b. Hot alkaline springs c. Anaerobic conditions d. Hot sulfur springs e. Deep-sea volcanic vents

d. Hot sulfur springs

Which of the following are protists that do not use photosynthesis? (Hint: we saw them with a dissecting scope and they were in a box.) a. Dinoflagellates b. Algae c. Plants d. Slime molds e. Euglenids

d. Slime molds

Which statement concerning the events shown in part B of the figure is false? a. The engulfed cell possessed DNA prior to the endosymbiosis. b. The engulfing cell possessed DNA prior to the endosymbiosis. c. The engulfed cell was photosynthetic. d. The engulfed cell was a prokaryote. e. The events required a flexible cell membrane in the engulfing cell.

d. The engulfed cell was a prokaryote.

Which statement about the eukaryotes shown is false? a. They produce a substance used as an emulsifier in ice cream. b. They are almost exclusively marine organisms. c. Some forms are found in the Sargasso Sea. d. They are members of Animalia. e. They are photosynthetic.

d. They are members of Animalia.

Black stem rust that draws nutrition from a wheat plant and damages the plant is considered a. saprobic. b. competitive. c. predatory. d. parasitic. e. mutualistic.

d. parasitic.

Alveolates typically a. have two unequal flagella, one of which has hairs. b. possess long, thin pseudopods. c. have lobe-shaped pseudopods. d. possess sacs just beneath their plasma membranes. e. lack mitochondria.

d. possess sacs just beneath their plasma membranes.

The gills of a mushroom are specialized for a. respiration. b. food production. c. defense. d. reproduction. e. water storage.

d. reproduction.

15. Which group can produce a toxin in marine environments that accumulates in clams, mussels, and oysters and can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning? a. Red algae b. Radiolarians c. Diatoms d. Euglenids e. Dinoflagellates

e. Dinoflagellates

_______ produce antibiotic chemicals that can be used to treat bacterial infections. a. Lichens b. Mycorrhizae c. Yeasts d. Aspergillus molds e. Penicillium molds

e. Penicillium molds

Secretion of digestive enzymes to break down food molecules and then absorption of the breakdown products through the plasma membrane is termed a. flagella. b. ingestive heterotrophy. c. assimilation (Just like the Borg) d. autotrophism. e. absorptive heterotrophy.

e. absorptive heterotrophy.

Prokaryotic cells do not possess a. DNA. b. RNA. c. enzymes for transcription and translation. d. a system for generating ATP. e. an immune system.

e. an immune system

A lichen, in which both partner organisms benefit, is considered a. saprobic. b. competitive. c. predatory. d. parasitic. e. mutualistic.

e. mutualistic.

Most prokaryotes a. are agents of disease. b. lack ribosomes. c. evolved from the most ancient eukaryotes. d. lack a cell wall. e. none of the above

e. none of the above