BIOL 2401 Lab Practical 2

What are the functions of the skeletal system? check all that apply. protects soft tissue provide attachment for muscles store inorganic salts exchange gases for the body

protect soft tissues provide attachment for muscles store inorganic salts

what is an organ that is protected by bones of the axial skeleton? the heart the muscles of legs the reproductive organs the small intestine

the heart

have articular facets on the transverse process

thoracic vertebrae

have facets that articulate with a rib

thoracic vertebrae

T/F: bones contain living tissue

true

articular facets face superior/inferior

cervical vertebrae

have a transverse foramen

cervical vertebrae

have some bifid spinous process

cervical vertebrae

the vertebral column is broken into four regions. identify the names of the regions in order from superior to inferior. then identify the number of vertebrae that make up each region.

cervical vertebrae: 7 thoracic vertebrae: 12 lumbar vertebrae:5 sacral vertebrae: 5 (fuses to 1) coccygeal vertebrae: 4 (fuses to 1)

thoracic vertebra:

costal facets spinous process projects inferiorly

as a result of direct actions on the target cells of bone and kidneys, calcitonin works to _____ blood calcium levels

decrease

when levels of blood calcium ____, parathyroid hormone is released from the parathyroid glands located on the posterior side of the thyroid gland.

decrease

what is the end of a long bone called?

epiphysis

as the body ages, the calcium levels _____ and bone material gradually deteriorates. As a result, the skeleton _____ strength and the bone becomes ______ and ______ prone to fracture. The ability of fractures to heal reveals that bone tissue______alive and functional

fall, loses, brittle, increasingly, is

the lower limbs are composed of 30 bones each. The thigh bone is known as the ____ and the knee cap is known as the _____.

femur; patella

the lower leg is composed to two bones: the thin, lateral bone called the _____. and a large, thick medial bone called the ____.

fibula; tibia

what do intramembranous bones form?

from sheetlike layers of unspecialized connective tissue

What bones are found in the axial skeleton? check all that apply: frontal bone cervical vertebrae sternum ilium clavicle

frontal bone cervical vertebrae sternum

calcitonin is released when blood calcium levels are ___. This hormone stimulates ____ to build bone, storing excess calcium.

high; osteoblasts

cervical vertebra

include a bifid (split) spinous process transverse foramina one of these has no vertebral body

as a result of direct actions on the target cells of the bone and kidneys, parathyroid hormone works to _____ blood calcium levels

increase

when blood levels of calcium ____, calcitonin is released from cells in the thyroid gland

increase

lumbar vertebra:

large vertebral body body appears bean shaped

have the largest size vertebral bodies

lumbar vertebrae

spinous processes are blunted and short

lumbar vertebrae

what is a function of bone that is due to its relationship with skeletal muscle?

movement of limbs

calcitonin causes an increase in the number of _____ and greater rates of bone deposition

osteoblasts

parathyroid hormone causes an increase in the number of ___ and greater rates of bone resorption.

osteoclasts

The ___ girdle consists of two hip bones that are each composed of three parts: an ilium, an ___ and a pubis

pelvic; ischium

the ankle and foot are composed of seven____, five____ and the 14 bones that make up the toes, called the____>

tarsals; metatarsals; phalanges

what are vertebrae?

the bones that form the backbone

place the major step in the repair of a fracture in order

1. blood escapes from the broken blood vessels and forms a hematoma 2. spongy bone forms in regions close to developing blood vessels 3. a bony callus replaces fibrocartilage 4. osteoclasts remove excess bony tissue, restoring new bone structure

Label Paranasal Sinuses

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label the bones of the foot and ankle tibia navicular medial cuneiform talus calcaneus tarsals metatarsals phalanges

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label the bones of the skull in the anterior view: frontal sphenoid lacrimal zygomatic nasal mandible maxilla

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label the bones seen in the internal view of the skull ethmoid frontal sphenoid parietal temporal occipital

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label the features of bones and sutures seen in the lateral view of the skull

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label the inferior view of the skull

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label the major bones of the skeleton (anterior view): humerus ulna carpals tibia skull ribs

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label the major bones of the skeleton (posterior view): scapula hip bone radius femur fibula tarsal vertebra coccyx

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label the parts of the ethmoid bone, seen in superior view perpendicular plate crista galli cribriform plate ethmoid air cells

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label the structure of the pectoral girdle and surrounding bones: coracoid process head of humerus acromial end sternal end scapula clavicle manubrium

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label the structures of a long bone spongy bone spaces containing red marrow compact bone endosteum yellow marrow periosteum

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label the structures of a typical vertebra in superior view

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label the structures of the proximal ulna: olecranon process trochlear notch coronoid process radial notch

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label the structures of the right hand anterior view

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label the structures of the right hip bone in the medial view: iliac crest iliac fossa anterior superior iliac spine obturator foramen posterior superior iliac spine ischial spine lesser sciatic notch ischial tuberosity

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label the structures of the right humerus anterior view head lesser tubercle surgical neck deltoid tuberosity medial epicondyle capitulum

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label the structures of the right knee in lateral view terms: tibia, fibula, femur, patella

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label the structures of the thoracic cage clavicular notch true rib costal cartilage manubrium body diploid process sternum

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label the structures of the thoracic cage true ribs false ribs vertebrochondral ribs floating ribs (vertebral ribs) thoracic vertebra sternum costal cartilage

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which of the following bones belong to the axial skeleton? check all that apply: skull ulna lumbar vertebrae sacrum clavicle ribs

skull lumbar vertebrae sacrum ribs