BIOL 257 - CH26

You're a famous eye surgeon, specializing in corneal transplants. Give your choice, would you rather have a cornea for transplantation from a 20 year old individual, or a 60 year old individual (assuming there are no optical defects due to age), and why?

The 20 year old cornea-while extremely rare, it may be possible to transmit prions through corneal transplants. It's less likely that a 20 year old would have encountered and become contaminated by prions than the 60 year old.

Which of the statements regarding leprosy treatment is TRUE?

tuberculoid leprosy can be successfully treated with combination drug therapy administered for six months.

The limited type of leprosy in which cell-mediated immunity suppresses proliferation of the bacilli is called

tuberculoid.

The early symptoms of rabies generally begin

1-2 months after viral entry.

Polioviruses enter the body via the respiratory tract.

FALSE

What underlying infection should a physician immediately suspect when confronted with a patient with confirmed cryptococcal meningoencephalitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, and why?

HIV infection. People with normal immune systems generally fend off this fungal infection before it becomes clinically symptomatic

Which of the following best describes how Mycobacterium leprae infection can lead to peripheral nerve damage in Hansen's disease?

M. leprae invades peripheral nerve cells, which are then targeted and destroyed by immune cells, leading to disabling deformities

The membranes that cover the surface of the brain and spinal cord are known as the

meninges.

An infection of the membranes covering the brain is called

meningitis

The menigococcus attach to the mucus membrane via

pili

Meningococcal meningitis is typically acquired through the

respiratory tract.

The principal mode of transmission of rabies is through

saliva

The nerves that carry information to the central nervous system (CNS) are termed

sensory nerves

Identification of the various strains of N. meningitidis is through

serogrouping.

Which of the following statements about polio vaccination is FALSE?

Sabin's oral polio vaccine (OPV) is an inactivated vaccine.

Food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum often

appears normal.

M. leprae may infect

armadillos

Naegleria fowleri may cause

primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

The central nervous system is made up of the

brain and spinal cord.

The transmission of leprosy is by

direct human-to-human contact AND contact with infected nasal secretions

Viral central nervous system infections may result in

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following pairs regarding the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) is mismatched?

CNS - brain and peripheral nerves

Corneal implants have been implicated in a few cases of

Creutzfeldt-Jakob.

Characteristic inclusion bodies formed in cells of organisms infected with rabies are called

Negri bodies

Please choose the microorganism that is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults to test your understanding of this disease.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

The leading cause of bacterial meningitis in adults is

Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Clostridium botulinum, the causative agent of botulism, has more than one portal of entry: the gastrointestinal tract and the skin.

TRUE

Death from botulism is usually due to respiratory paralysis.

TRUE

Inflammation of the membranes covering the central nervous system (CNS) is called meningitis.

TRUE

The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves composed of bundles of axons that carry information to and from the central nervous system.

TRUE

Viral meningitis is much more common than bacterial meningitis.

TRUE

Which of the following best describes why AIDS patients respond poorly to medications used to treat Cryptococcus neoformans infections?

They lack T cells normally assist the activity of these antifungal medications.

Which of the following statements about foodborne botulism is FALSE?

Treatment involves combination antibiotic therapy over an extended period

The chief source of central nervous system (CNS) infections is through the

bloodstream

To determine the causative agent of a central nervous system (CNS) infection, a sample is taken from the

cerebrospinal fluid.