BIOL 3214: anatomy exam 3

The epithelium of the laryngopharynx is a:

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What structure is NOT correctly matched in location to its primary abdominal quadrant?

pancreas/LUQ

In which region would you NOT find a stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized)?

anal canal

Which anatomical term is correctly matched to the Latin word root that inspired it?

rectum/straight

Taken together, the glomerulus and glomerular capsule constitute the:

renal corpuscle

In the kidney, urine will flow from the major calyces into the ___________

renal pelvis

Within a kidney:

renal pyramids are deep to the renal cortex

Wrinkled folds called _____________ are founding lining the stomach and urinary bladder---- organs that expand when filled?

rugae

Which sequence correctly follows a bolus of food leaving the oral cavity and traveling down the digestive tract?

Pharynx to esophagus to stomach

Which statements is true concerning the kidney?

The renal medulla is deep to the renal cortex, renal papillae funnel urine into the pyramids, it is held in position by visceral peritoneum

The serosa the covers most of the digestive tract within the abdominal cavity is:

Visceral peritoneum

The epididymis:

a coiled duct on the posterior testis, produces nutrient-rich seminal fluid, is retroperitoneal

Which of the following statements regarding axons is NOT true?

all statements are true

Which structure is correctly matched to the larger organ on which it is located?

appendix/colon

In a developing fetus, the ovaries

are homologous to the testes

On the body of the breast, the circle of pigmented tissue surrounding the nipple is called the _____________.

areola

Successful fertilization of an ovum by a sperm usually occurs within the:

body of uterus

The pancreas is:

both an endocrine and exocrine gland, posterior to the liver and gallbladder

The muscular layer of the urinary bladder is:

called the detrusor

The lower esophageal sphincter is closest in proximity to the _______ of the stomach

cardia

The gallbladder is nestled between the right lobe and the __________ lobe of the inferior liver.

caudate

The large intestine begins in the lower right abdominal quadrant with the ______________, a pouch-like structure to which the appendix is attached.

cecum

During labor (prior to the pushing stage), the _____________ of the uterus dilates and effaces under the influence of hormones and contractions.

cervix

Which cells are correctly matched to the viscera in which they are found?

chief cells/ stomach

Which cells are correctly matched to the digestive viscera in which they are found?

chief cells/stomach

Which of the following structures is correctly matched to one of its function?

colon/ feces compaction

before emptying into the duodenum, the _______________ and the pancreatic duct join at the hepatopancreatic ampulla

common bile duct

After ovulation, a ruptured follicle develops into a _______________ (yellow body) that functions as a temporary endocrine gland

corpus luterum

Which of the following structures is NOT paired in the body?

corpus spongiosum

a cylinder or erectile tissue called the __________________ surrounds the penile urethra in males

corpus spongiosum

A nephron is divided into two principal regions, the renal tubule and the renal:

corpuscle

a nephron is divided into two principal regions, the renal tubule and the renal:

corpuscle

Which structure is enmeshed with the spermatic cord and helps regulate the position of the testes within the scrotum?

cremaster muscle

The powerful, smooth muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder is named the _____________ muscle

detrusor

The functions of the urinary system include all of the following EXCEPT:

digestion of liquids

filtrate moving through a nephron loop will next enter the:

distal convolated tubule

Which glands are correctly matched to a substance they produce

duodenal glands/chyme

Fluid from the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle unite in the _______________ duct before entering the urethra

ejaculatory

The stratum basalis and stratum functionalis are layers of the:

endometrium

The stratum functionalis and stratum basalis are sublayers of the _______________ (one of the three main layers of the uterine wall)

endometrium

Which of the following is NOT correctly matched to a larger structure in which it is found?

epididymis/lobules

The vaginal orifice is:

is posterior to the external urethral orifice, is anterior to the anus, is medial to the labia majora

Backflow (reflux) from the stomach can lead to heartburn. Chronic reflux (G.E.R.D) is oftern associated with a weakened lower _______________.

esophageal sphincter

In terms of endocrine function, the follicular cells in the ovary secrete:

estrogen and progesterone

Give the name of the most anterior opening (into or out of a tube) in the female perineal region

external urethra orifice

Which structure is correctly matched to its primary location in the abdominal cavity?

falciform ligament/ RUQ

In both the stomach and the uterus, the ___________ is the superior, dome-like region of the organ; ironically, in Latin this term means "bottom" (because it is furthest from the outlet).

fundus

After being produced i the liver, bile is stored and concentrated in the ___________.

gallbladder

Which structure is correctly matched to its location?

gastric pits/muscularis externa of the stomach

Commonly known as your gums, the ____________ cover alveolar bone and are a common site of inflammation in response to bacteria

gingiva

The lining of the small intestine:

is simple columnar epithelium

The process of meiosis in reproductively females leads to:

haploid gametes

the process of meiosis in females leads to:

haploid gametes

renal arteries and veins enter and exit the kidney via the:

hilum

The _____________ valve controls the flow of digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate through a duct system into the duodenum

ileocecal

The round ligament of the liver:

is a remnant of the umbilical vein

The spermatic cord:

is a tube that surrounds other tubes

The muscularis externa of the digestive tract

is covered in an outer layer of serosa

Which of the following statements concerning the liver is accurate?

it extends into the left upper quadrant, it is made up of hexagonal cylinders called hepatic portal triads, it contains cells that produce glucagon and insulin

In what way(s) is the nervous system similar to the endocrine system?

it functions in communication within the body

which of these statements regarding the liver is accurate?

it is made up of hexagonal cylinders called hepatic lobules

_______________ are hard clumps of minerals (e.g., calcium phosphate). They can block the flow of urine through the ureters, causing exruciating pain

kidney stones

In the villi of the small intestine, lymphatic vessels called _______________ absorb dietary lipids that are too large to be absorbed by capillaries

lacteals

Which of the following structures are NOT associated with the large intestine?

lacteals

what are the vessels that absorb dietary fats within the intestinal villi of the small intestine?

lacteals

The epithelium that lines the oral cavity is part of the _______________, one of the four basic tissue layers forming the digestive tract.

lamina propria

Which of these tissue layers is closest to the lumen of the esophagus?

lamina propria

Following the oropharynx, a bolus traveling through the digestive tract enters _________________

laryngopharynx

which structure is correctly matched to one of its main functions in the digestive system?

laryngopharynx/deglutition

which structures is correctly matched to one of its main functions in the digestive system?

laryngopharynx/deglutition

The _______________ muscles contribute to the urogenital diaphragm (pelvic floor), forming sphincter muscles and supporting pelvic viscera

levator ani

Parietal peritoneum:

lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

within a kidney, which of the following structures would be the least numerous?

major calyces

the flow of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum is regulated by the:

pyloric sphincter

In males, the _____________ urethra is the short region of the urethra that passes through pelvic floor muscles, including the external urethral sphincter.

membranous

The _____________ is a pad of adipose tissue (under the skin) anterior to the pubic symphysis

mons pubis

One of the primary tissue layers of the digestive tract, the _______________ of the stomach wall consists of oblique, circular, and longitudinal layers

muscularis externa

In the central nervous system, the glial cells called _____________ provide nutrients to nervous tissue and help form the blood-brain barrier

neuro glia

Which of the following statements about ureters is NOT correct?

non of the above, all are correct

Lingual papillae are located on the:

none of the above

In its exocrine functions, the _________________ secretes digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate through a duct system into the duodenum

pancreatic duct

The wave-like movement known as _________________ is produced by smooth muscle layers in tubes such as those found in the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems

peristalsis

A serous membrane called parietal ___________ lines the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

peritoneum

which sequence correctly follows a bolus of food leaving the oral cavity and traveling down the digestive tract?

pharynx to esophagus to stomach

Which regions of the digestive tract contain lymphatic tissue?

pharynx, ileum, and large intestine

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are produced in the:

pituitary gland

In females, the external urethral orifice is:

posterior to the clitoris, anterior to the vaginal orifice

In which region of the digestive tract would you find the epiglottis?

posterior to the root of the tongue

Where is the epiglottis located?

posterior to the root of the tongue

The parotid glands:

produce a secretion made of water, enzymes, and mucus

parotid glands:

produce a secretion made of water, enzymes, and mucus

What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum and functions to sustain the uterine lining for possible implantation and early pregnancy?

progesterone

The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland that produces:

progesterone and estrogen

Name the accessory gland in the male reproductive system that produces a thin, which fluid containing enzymes; it is also an extremely common site of cancer in aging men.

prostate

Which region of the male urethra is correctly matched to a structure that surrounds it?

prostatic urethra/prostrate gland

In the male reproductive system, what paired accessory glands contribute fructose and protaglandins to semen?

seminal vesicles

Which of the following glands secretes fructose and prostaglandins into the seminal fluid?

seminal vesicles

If a specialist extracted a ____________ from a testicular lobule, they should be able to find germ cells, sustentacular cells, and interstitial cells in a well-prepared cross section

semineferous tubules

The process of spermatogenesis takes place within

seminiferous tubules

Spermatogenesis occurs within:

seminiferous tubules/none of the above

What type of epithelial tissue is most characteristic of the mucosa lining the small intestine?

simple columnar

Based on your knowledge of reproductive anatomy, you would correctly predict that a vasectomy prevents the explusion of _______________ during ejaculation

sperm

The _______________ is a tube-like structure that bundles together the ductus deferens, nerves, and vessels in a sheath of muscle and connective tissue

spermaticord

The tissue lining the vaginal canal is:

stratified squamous epithelium

Which of the following statements is correct?

successful fertilization of ova by sperm usually occurs within the uterine tubes

The levator ani muscle:

supports viscera in the pelvic cavity

What region of the breast has lymph nodes that are clinically important in cancer staging (e.g., checking whether breast cancer cells have metastasized)

the axillary tail

the central nervous system includes:

the brain and spinal cord

In the penis, which of the following structures is closest to the anus?

the bulb

In the penis, which of the following structures is closest to the levator ani muscle?

the bulb

The category "secondary sex organs" includes:

the characteristics that develop at puberty

Pancreatic juice is secreted into what part of the digestive tract?

the duodenum

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

the esophagus is anterior to the trachea

Which of the following structures of the digestive systems is built from skeletal muscle rather that smooth muscle?

the external anal sphincter

Which of the following structures does menstrual fluid pass through?

the external cervical os

In terms of gross anatomy, which structure is most similar to the mons pubis?

the fundus

The phrase "primary sex organs" refers to:

the gonads where gametogenesis

A vertical surgical incision through the linea alba, just superior to the umbilicus, would reveal which of the following structures?

the greater omentum

What region of the stomach is most closely connected to the duodenum?

the pyloric region

The descending colon connects the:

transverse colon and sigmoid colon

In terms of urine flow from the kidneys, which order is NOT correct?

trigone ---> ureteral openings --> external urethral sphincter

in terms of urine flow from the kidneys, which order is NOT correct?

trigone --> ureter --> external urethral sphincter

In both females and males, each gonad is surrounded by a _________________, which is a capsule of shiny, white connective tissue

tunica albugina

Tubes called ___________ convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

ureter

The structure seminal fluid enters immediately following the ejaculatory duct is the:

urethra

The detrusor muscle is a feature of the:

urinary bladder

spiral arterioles and secretory glands are prominent features of the:

vaginal canal

Also known as the autonomic nervous system, this division of the peripheral nervous system innervates smooth muscle and gland cells (e.g., along the digestive tract):

visceral sensory division

In sexual reproduction, gametes from two individuals combine to form a ___________, or fertilized egg, that contains chromosomes from each parent.

zygote