BIOL 3214: anatomy exam 3
The epithelium of the laryngopharynx is a:
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What structure is NOT correctly matched in location to its primary abdominal quadrant?
pancreas/LUQ
In which region would you NOT find a stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized)?
anal canal
Which anatomical term is correctly matched to the Latin word root that inspired it?
rectum/straight
Taken together, the glomerulus and glomerular capsule constitute the:
renal corpuscle
In the kidney, urine will flow from the major calyces into the ___________
renal pelvis
Within a kidney:
renal pyramids are deep to the renal cortex
Wrinkled folds called _____________ are founding lining the stomach and urinary bladder---- organs that expand when filled?
rugae
Which sequence correctly follows a bolus of food leaving the oral cavity and traveling down the digestive tract?
Pharynx to esophagus to stomach
Which statements is true concerning the kidney?
The renal medulla is deep to the renal cortex, renal papillae funnel urine into the pyramids, it is held in position by visceral peritoneum
The serosa the covers most of the digestive tract within the abdominal cavity is:
Visceral peritoneum
The epididymis:
a coiled duct on the posterior testis, produces nutrient-rich seminal fluid, is retroperitoneal
Which of the following statements regarding axons is NOT true?
all statements are true
Which structure is correctly matched to the larger organ on which it is located?
appendix/colon
In a developing fetus, the ovaries
are homologous to the testes
On the body of the breast, the circle of pigmented tissue surrounding the nipple is called the _____________.
areola
Successful fertilization of an ovum by a sperm usually occurs within the:
body of uterus
The pancreas is:
both an endocrine and exocrine gland, posterior to the liver and gallbladder
The muscular layer of the urinary bladder is:
called the detrusor
The lower esophageal sphincter is closest in proximity to the _______ of the stomach
cardia
The gallbladder is nestled between the right lobe and the __________ lobe of the inferior liver.
caudate
The large intestine begins in the lower right abdominal quadrant with the ______________, a pouch-like structure to which the appendix is attached.
cecum
During labor (prior to the pushing stage), the _____________ of the uterus dilates and effaces under the influence of hormones and contractions.
cervix
Which cells are correctly matched to the viscera in which they are found?
chief cells/ stomach
Which cells are correctly matched to the digestive viscera in which they are found?
chief cells/stomach
Which of the following structures is correctly matched to one of its function?
colon/ feces compaction
before emptying into the duodenum, the _______________ and the pancreatic duct join at the hepatopancreatic ampulla
common bile duct
After ovulation, a ruptured follicle develops into a _______________ (yellow body) that functions as a temporary endocrine gland
corpus luterum
Which of the following structures is NOT paired in the body?
corpus spongiosum
a cylinder or erectile tissue called the __________________ surrounds the penile urethra in males
corpus spongiosum
A nephron is divided into two principal regions, the renal tubule and the renal:
corpuscle
a nephron is divided into two principal regions, the renal tubule and the renal:
corpuscle
Which structure is enmeshed with the spermatic cord and helps regulate the position of the testes within the scrotum?
cremaster muscle
The powerful, smooth muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder is named the _____________ muscle
detrusor
The functions of the urinary system include all of the following EXCEPT:
digestion of liquids
filtrate moving through a nephron loop will next enter the:
distal convolated tubule
Which glands are correctly matched to a substance they produce
duodenal glands/chyme
Fluid from the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle unite in the _______________ duct before entering the urethra
ejaculatory
The stratum basalis and stratum functionalis are layers of the:
endometrium
The stratum functionalis and stratum basalis are sublayers of the _______________ (one of the three main layers of the uterine wall)
endometrium
Which of the following is NOT correctly matched to a larger structure in which it is found?
epididymis/lobules
The vaginal orifice is:
is posterior to the external urethral orifice, is anterior to the anus, is medial to the labia majora
Backflow (reflux) from the stomach can lead to heartburn. Chronic reflux (G.E.R.D) is oftern associated with a weakened lower _______________.
esophageal sphincter
In terms of endocrine function, the follicular cells in the ovary secrete:
estrogen and progesterone
Give the name of the most anterior opening (into or out of a tube) in the female perineal region
external urethra orifice
Which structure is correctly matched to its primary location in the abdominal cavity?
falciform ligament/ RUQ
In both the stomach and the uterus, the ___________ is the superior, dome-like region of the organ; ironically, in Latin this term means "bottom" (because it is furthest from the outlet).
fundus
After being produced i the liver, bile is stored and concentrated in the ___________.
gallbladder
Which structure is correctly matched to its location?
gastric pits/muscularis externa of the stomach
Commonly known as your gums, the ____________ cover alveolar bone and are a common site of inflammation in response to bacteria
gingiva
The lining of the small intestine:
is simple columnar epithelium
The process of meiosis in reproductively females leads to:
haploid gametes
the process of meiosis in females leads to:
haploid gametes
renal arteries and veins enter and exit the kidney via the:
hilum
The _____________ valve controls the flow of digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate through a duct system into the duodenum
ileocecal
The round ligament of the liver:
is a remnant of the umbilical vein
The spermatic cord:
is a tube that surrounds other tubes
The muscularis externa of the digestive tract
is covered in an outer layer of serosa
Which of the following statements concerning the liver is accurate?
it extends into the left upper quadrant, it is made up of hexagonal cylinders called hepatic portal triads, it contains cells that produce glucagon and insulin
In what way(s) is the nervous system similar to the endocrine system?
it functions in communication within the body
which of these statements regarding the liver is accurate?
it is made up of hexagonal cylinders called hepatic lobules
_______________ are hard clumps of minerals (e.g., calcium phosphate). They can block the flow of urine through the ureters, causing exruciating pain
kidney stones
In the villi of the small intestine, lymphatic vessels called _______________ absorb dietary lipids that are too large to be absorbed by capillaries
lacteals
Which of the following structures are NOT associated with the large intestine?
lacteals
what are the vessels that absorb dietary fats within the intestinal villi of the small intestine?
lacteals
The epithelium that lines the oral cavity is part of the _______________, one of the four basic tissue layers forming the digestive tract.
lamina propria
Which of these tissue layers is closest to the lumen of the esophagus?
lamina propria
Following the oropharynx, a bolus traveling through the digestive tract enters _________________
laryngopharynx
which structure is correctly matched to one of its main functions in the digestive system?
laryngopharynx/deglutition
which structures is correctly matched to one of its main functions in the digestive system?
laryngopharynx/deglutition
The _______________ muscles contribute to the urogenital diaphragm (pelvic floor), forming sphincter muscles and supporting pelvic viscera
levator ani
Parietal peritoneum:
lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity
within a kidney, which of the following structures would be the least numerous?
major calyces
the flow of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum is regulated by the:
pyloric sphincter
In males, the _____________ urethra is the short region of the urethra that passes through pelvic floor muscles, including the external urethral sphincter.
membranous
The _____________ is a pad of adipose tissue (under the skin) anterior to the pubic symphysis
mons pubis
One of the primary tissue layers of the digestive tract, the _______________ of the stomach wall consists of oblique, circular, and longitudinal layers
muscularis externa
In the central nervous system, the glial cells called _____________ provide nutrients to nervous tissue and help form the blood-brain barrier
neuro glia
Which of the following statements about ureters is NOT correct?
non of the above, all are correct
Lingual papillae are located on the:
none of the above
In its exocrine functions, the _________________ secretes digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate through a duct system into the duodenum
pancreatic duct
The wave-like movement known as _________________ is produced by smooth muscle layers in tubes such as those found in the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems
peristalsis
A serous membrane called parietal ___________ lines the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
peritoneum
which sequence correctly follows a bolus of food leaving the oral cavity and traveling down the digestive tract?
pharynx to esophagus to stomach
Which regions of the digestive tract contain lymphatic tissue?
pharynx, ileum, and large intestine
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are produced in the:
pituitary gland
In females, the external urethral orifice is:
posterior to the clitoris, anterior to the vaginal orifice
In which region of the digestive tract would you find the epiglottis?
posterior to the root of the tongue
Where is the epiglottis located?
posterior to the root of the tongue
The parotid glands:
produce a secretion made of water, enzymes, and mucus
parotid glands:
produce a secretion made of water, enzymes, and mucus
What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum and functions to sustain the uterine lining for possible implantation and early pregnancy?
progesterone
The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland that produces:
progesterone and estrogen
Name the accessory gland in the male reproductive system that produces a thin, which fluid containing enzymes; it is also an extremely common site of cancer in aging men.
prostate
Which region of the male urethra is correctly matched to a structure that surrounds it?
prostatic urethra/prostrate gland
In the male reproductive system, what paired accessory glands contribute fructose and protaglandins to semen?
seminal vesicles
Which of the following glands secretes fructose and prostaglandins into the seminal fluid?
seminal vesicles
If a specialist extracted a ____________ from a testicular lobule, they should be able to find germ cells, sustentacular cells, and interstitial cells in a well-prepared cross section
semineferous tubules
The process of spermatogenesis takes place within
seminiferous tubules
Spermatogenesis occurs within:
seminiferous tubules/none of the above
What type of epithelial tissue is most characteristic of the mucosa lining the small intestine?
simple columnar
Based on your knowledge of reproductive anatomy, you would correctly predict that a vasectomy prevents the explusion of _______________ during ejaculation
sperm
The _______________ is a tube-like structure that bundles together the ductus deferens, nerves, and vessels in a sheath of muscle and connective tissue
spermaticord
The tissue lining the vaginal canal is:
stratified squamous epithelium
Which of the following statements is correct?
successful fertilization of ova by sperm usually occurs within the uterine tubes
The levator ani muscle:
supports viscera in the pelvic cavity
What region of the breast has lymph nodes that are clinically important in cancer staging (e.g., checking whether breast cancer cells have metastasized)
the axillary tail
the central nervous system includes:
the brain and spinal cord
In the penis, which of the following structures is closest to the anus?
the bulb
In the penis, which of the following structures is closest to the levator ani muscle?
the bulb
The category "secondary sex organs" includes:
the characteristics that develop at puberty
Pancreatic juice is secreted into what part of the digestive tract?
the duodenum
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
the esophagus is anterior to the trachea
Which of the following structures of the digestive systems is built from skeletal muscle rather that smooth muscle?
the external anal sphincter
Which of the following structures does menstrual fluid pass through?
the external cervical os
In terms of gross anatomy, which structure is most similar to the mons pubis?
the fundus
The phrase "primary sex organs" refers to:
the gonads where gametogenesis
A vertical surgical incision through the linea alba, just superior to the umbilicus, would reveal which of the following structures?
the greater omentum
What region of the stomach is most closely connected to the duodenum?
the pyloric region
The descending colon connects the:
transverse colon and sigmoid colon
In terms of urine flow from the kidneys, which order is NOT correct?
trigone ---> ureteral openings --> external urethral sphincter
in terms of urine flow from the kidneys, which order is NOT correct?
trigone --> ureter --> external urethral sphincter
In both females and males, each gonad is surrounded by a _________________, which is a capsule of shiny, white connective tissue
tunica albugina
Tubes called ___________ convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
ureter
The structure seminal fluid enters immediately following the ejaculatory duct is the:
urethra
The detrusor muscle is a feature of the:
urinary bladder
spiral arterioles and secretory glands are prominent features of the:
vaginal canal
Also known as the autonomic nervous system, this division of the peripheral nervous system innervates smooth muscle and gland cells (e.g., along the digestive tract):
visceral sensory division
In sexual reproduction, gametes from two individuals combine to form a ___________, or fertilized egg, that contains chromosomes from each parent.
zygote