Biol 425 Test 3 Final T/F

A comical cell and a mesophyll cell from the same plant most likely have different genes in their nuclei

False

A determinate nodule has a persistent meristem

False

All symplastic loading mechanisms are active rather than passive

False

Application of cytokinin inhibits the growth of lateral buds

False

Bacteria that induce nodule formation in clover will also induce nodule formation in soybeans

False

Biennials form roots, stems, leaves and flowers in the first growing season and seeds in the second season

False

Clay particles have an excess of surface negative charges, and humus has an excess of positive charges

False

Cluster roots are usually found in plants that usually form mycorrhizae

False

Cold hardiness refers to the process of preparing the plant for winter

False

Compression wood is a type of reaction wood found in angiosperms

False

Conifer wood typically contains more parenchyma than angiosperm wood

False

Deficiency symptoms of phloem-immobile elements such as potassium and nitrogen appear first in older leaves

False

Early wood is more dense than late wood

False

Experiments using 14C-labeled auxin indicate that light causes the destruction of auxin in coleoptiles

False

Fascicular cambium arises fro pro cambium immediately outside the vascular bundles

False

Growing seasons with favorable environmental conditions produce narrower growth rings than seasons with unfavorable conditions

False

If you cut the tip off a bean plant, the lateral buds will stop developing

False

In Arabidopsis, the ethylene receptor is located in the plasma membrane

False

In desert ecosystems, nitrogen loss from soil by leach is negligible

False

In roots, a substance transported in a basipetal direction is transported toward the root tip

False

In the elderberry stem during its first year of secondary growth, all primary phloem cells are destroyed

False

In the process of ammonification, ammonium ions are used to form amino acids

False

In the process of hydraulic redistribution, leaves move water from air spaces into mesophyll cells

False

In the process of scarification, seeds are treated with solvents that dissolve the waxes in the seed coat

False

In the shoot, the gravity-sensing cells are called statoliths

False

In tropisms, a response toward the stimulus is said to be negative

False

It is the smallest pores in the walls or pit membranes of vessels or arachnids that are the most susceptible to air seeding

False

Jasmonic acid has a structure similar to aspirin

False

Noturnal transpiration occurs in CAM plants but not C3 plants

False

Once it has crossed the exodermis, water can pass into root's vascular cylinder by the apoplectic pathway

False

One of the principal roles of abscisic acid is in leaf, flower, and fruit abscission

False

Parasitic angiosperms such as mistletoe directly break down proteins in organic matter found in the soil

False

Plant hormones usually act alone and only occasionally cross talk

False

Primary phloem would not normally be part of the bark

False

Regular rubbing or bending of a stem stimulates its elongation

False

Second messengers do not cross the plasma membrane and enter the cytosol

False

Seed dormancy can usually be overcome by placing the seeds in a warm, moist environment

False

Stomata open when the turgor pressure of the guard cell decreases

False

The C horizon of soil is called the subsoil

False

The ageotropum mutant of pea plants lacks both a hydrotropic response and a gravitropic response

False

The bulbs of tulips and hyacinths can be "forced" by bringing them indoors before the temperature drops

False

The cambial zone consists of the fusiform initials and their immediate derivatives

False

The cortex of the stem is usually sloughed during the first year of growth

False

The floral stimulus can move across a graft as well as through agar

False

The genes that regulate secondary growth are entirely different from those that regulate primary growth

False

The meristematic cells of the vascular cambium are the fusiform initials and the interfasicular initials

False

The order of tissues in the periderm, from the center of the plant toward the outside, is cork, cambium, and phelloderm

False

The polymer trapping mechanism is a symplastic loading mechanism

False

The stem and root of most woody plants usually contains only one periderm

False

The wavelength of light most effective in causing germination of lettuce seeds is 730 nanometers

False

The weed killer 2,4-D is a synthetic cytokinin

False

Vernalization is the exposure of flower buds to low temperatures to promote early flowering

False

When potassium ions move out of guard cells, water follows by osmosis and the stomatal pore opens

False

Wood perennials usually keep growing during unfavorable seasons

False

A beneficial element is one that is essential for limited groups of plants

True

A radial section and a tangential section are longitudinal sections

True

A single root hair may contain several infection threads

True

According to the pressure-flow mechanism, sugars are transported in the phloem by flowing down a gradient of turgor pressure

True

All the periderms make up the outer bark

True

An example of thigmotropism is the twisting growth of tendrils

True

An excised leaf floated in a kinetin solution will remain green longer than a leaf floated in water

True

Approximately 99% of water taken in by the roots is released via transpiration

True

Auxin is the only plant hormone known to be transported in a polar manner

True

Bark may contain primary tissues as well as secondary tissues

True

Based on the results of experiments with cultured mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegant, you would predict that if brassionsteroids were excluded from the culture medium, no treachery elements would be formed

True

Both symplastic and apoplastic loading can occur in the same species

True

Calcium is a phloem-immobile element

True

Circadian rhythms persist even when all environmental conditions are kept constant

True

Cytokinins are synthesized in roots and transported in the xylem to other parts of the plant

True

Ethylene stimulates internal elongation of rice plants that are submerged during monsoon flooding

True

Even when stomata are closed, photosynthesis can occur as long as light is available

True

Expansions are proteins that disrupt hydrogen bonds between cell wall polysaccharides

True

Extra radical hyphae extend beyond the phosphorus-depletion zone of the root

True

Exudative bursts are characteristic of cluster roots

True

Gibberellins promote fruit development in some species in which auxin does not

True

Hardwood is another name for angiosperm wood

True

In Arabidopsis, the FT genes encodes the FT protein, which is the florigen

True

In Arabidopsis, the floral stimulus is produced in companion cells of leaves

True

In climacteric fruits, there is a large increase in cellular respiration during ripening

True

In diffuse-porous wood, the pores are fairly uniform in size and distribution throughout the growth layers

True

In growing vegetative sinks, the unloading and transport of sugars is usually symplastic

True

In many woody roots and stems, only the secondary phloem in the current growth ring is active in long-distance food transport

True

In most soils, most of the phosphorus is present in forms that are not available to the plant

True

In order to flower, short-day plants must have a light period shorter than a critical length, and long day plants must have a light period longer than a critical length

True

In roots, statocytes are located in the root cap

True

In secondary tissues, the cells of the axial system are oriented vertically and those of the radial system are oriented horizontally

True

In shoot gravitropism, auxin is distributed to the lower side where it stimulates cell expansion

True

In sucrose-proton symport, ATP is utilized more directly for the transport of protons than for the transport of sucrose

True

In the cork oak, the cork produced by the first cork cambium has the least commercial value

True

In the pressure-flow mechanism, sugars are transported passively through sieve tubes

True

In the process of guttation, water is exuded from leaves through hydathodes

True

In the process of stomatal movement, blue light activates a proton pump in the plasma membrane of the guard cell

True

In the southern hemisphere, a biennial can correctly be called a winter annual

True

Leg hemoglobin acts as an oxygen carrier

True

Loam soils, the best agricultural soils, contain sand, silt, and clay particles

True

Mutants of Arabidopsis that lack brassinosteroids have leaves that are smaller and have fewer cells than the wild-type

True

New ray initials are produced by the fusiform initials

True

Nickel is an essential element for plant growth

True

Nitrosomonas is the bacterium that is primarily responsible for oxidizing ammonia to nitrite

True

Once present in the cell, ammonia is then incorporated into organic compounds via the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthetase pathway

True

Photoperiodism pertains to events that are influenced by the relative lengths of light and dark

True

Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are located in the nucleus

True

Plants can synthesize all their required amnio acids and vitamins

True

Reactivation of the vascular cambium in the spring is triggered by the expansion of the buds

True

Recent evidence indicates that auxin does not directly inhibit the growth of lateral buds

True

Rice plants grow rapidly and become spindly due to the presence of gibberellic acid produced by a fungus

True

Salicylic acid regulates thermogenesis in members of the arum family

True

Some nitrogen-fixing symbioses involve plants other than legumes

True

Some plants accumulate toxins to such levels that their foliage becomes toxic

True

Strategy I for iron mobilization and uptake involves the acidification of the rhizosphere by proton pumps

True

The cuticle is largely impermeable to both water and carbon dioxide

True

The differences in specific gravity of woods depends on the proportion of cell wall substance to cell lumen

True

The greater the vapor pressure difference between the intercellular spaces and the leaf surface, the faster the rate of transpiration

True

The mechanism underlying heliotropism involves pulvini at the base of leaves and leaflets

True

The most common nitrogen-fixing banter are Rhizobium and Bradyhizobium

True

The seismonastic movements of Mimosa podia involve changes in the pulvini

True

The sleep movements of plants are an example of nastic movements

True

The stomata of many species open in the morning and close at night regardless of the amount of water available to the plant

True

The transport of auxin can be non polar as well as polar

True

The transport of the assimilate stream in the phloem is called translocation

True

Wilted plants in a soil at its permeant wilting percentage will not recover even when placed in a humid chamber

True

With respect to effect on flowering, the middle of the dark period is the part most sensitive to interruption by a flash of light

True

A bag of fertilizer labeled 20:10:5 contains 205 phsophorus

false