BIOL Majors II Lab: Ex.15: Kingdom Fungi
Characteristics of Ascomycota division of fungi
- Dikaryon stage in life cycle - Sexual reproductive structures are asci - Septate hyphae
Characteristics of the Basidiomycota division of fungi
- Dikaryon stage in life cycle - Sexual reproductive structures called basidia - Septate hyphae
What economic importance do some ascomycetes have?
- Morels are values as food - Many ascomycete molds produce antibiotics - yeasts are ascomycetes used in brewing and baking
Why aren't lichens considered saprophytic?
- the algal component contributes food from photosynthesis - the algal partner is living
Characteristics of Zygomycota division of living
-The most primitive of the fungal division -no cross walls between nuclei -zygospore resulting from union of (+) and (-) gametangia
Define Mycelium
-mass of hyphae -usually hidden in the soil, in wood, or another food source
Define Hyphae
-thin thread-like structures that form the body of fungi -branch out, digest, then absorb food
4 ways fungi are different from plants
1) Cell walls made of chitin instead of cellulose 2) lack chlorophyll 3) Never reproduce by seeds 4) not photosynthetic
4 main characteristics of Fungi
1) Eukaryotic organisms 2) Heterotrophs 3) Multicellular (except for yeast) 4) Cannot move on their own
Saprophyte
An organism that feeds on dead matter
From what division is the fungal component of lichens?
Ascomycota
Budding is a form of what reproduction?
Asexual
What type of algae are commonly found in lichens?
Blue-green or green algae
Example of Phylum Ascomycota (Sac Fungi)
Cup Fungi
Example of Phylum Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)
Earthstar (Devil's Cigar or Texas Star)
Are Saprophytes parasitic, autotrophic, chemotrophic, or heterotrophic?
Heterotrophic
Parasitism
One organism benefits and the other is harmed (tapeworm and dog)
Example of Phylum Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi)
Penicillium and Aspergillus
Which of the 4 types of fungi is bread mold?
Phylum Zygomycota
Basidia
Reproductive structures that produce sexual spores
Example of Phylum Zygomycota (mold)
Rhizopus- black bread mold
Stolons
Stemlike hyphae that runs along the surface of the food source
Four main types of fungi
Zygomycota(molds), Ascomycota(Sac Fungi), Basidiomycota(Club Fungi), Deuteromycota(Imperfect Fungi)
What nuclear arrangement is unique to the ascomycota and basidiomycota?
a dikaryon in the mycelium
Conidia
asexual spores
A shelf fungus produces which structure
basidiocarp
Mutualism
both organisms benefit (lichens)
How do Hyphae consume?
branch out, digest, then absorb food
septate hyphae
contain cross-walls
Crustose
crust like
Commensalism
exists when one partner benefits while the other remains unaffected (clownfish and sea anemone)
Basidiocarp
fruiting body of basidiomycetes
Dikaryon
hyphae with cells having 2 different nuclei in each cell.
Rhizopus reproduces sexually by
isogamy
Foliose
leaf-like
Mycelium
mass of hyphae
If you pick a mushroom, do you kill the entire fungal body?
no, most of the mycellum remains in the substratum
Parasites
organisms that live off living organisms
Lichens
represent symbiotic relationships between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner
Fruticose
shrub-like
sporangiophore
specialized hyphae where sporangia are found
The spore producing structure in Rhizopus is
sporangium
The zygospore give rise to what structure?
sporanglophore
Conidiophores
spore-producing hypha of sac fungi
Chitin
strong, flexible fungal wall
Mycology
study of fungi
Why are lichens classified with the fungi?
the fungal component of the lichen apparently cannot survive without the algae
Asci
the sac in ascomycetes in which the sexual spores are formed.
Hyphae
thin, thread-like structures that form the body of fungi
Rhizoids
type of hyphae formed by a mold that penetrates a food's surface