BIOL Majors II Lab: Ex.15: Kingdom Fungi

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Characteristics of Ascomycota division of fungi

- Dikaryon stage in life cycle - Sexual reproductive structures are asci - Septate hyphae

Characteristics of the Basidiomycota division of fungi

- Dikaryon stage in life cycle - Sexual reproductive structures called basidia - Septate hyphae

What economic importance do some ascomycetes have?

- Morels are values as food - Many ascomycete molds produce antibiotics - yeasts are ascomycetes used in brewing and baking

Why aren't lichens considered saprophytic?

- the algal component contributes food from photosynthesis - the algal partner is living

Characteristics of Zygomycota division of living

-The most primitive of the fungal division -no cross walls between nuclei -zygospore resulting from union of (+) and (-) gametangia

Define Mycelium

-mass of hyphae -usually hidden in the soil, in wood, or another food source

Define Hyphae

-thin thread-like structures that form the body of fungi -branch out, digest, then absorb food

4 ways fungi are different from plants

1) Cell walls made of chitin instead of cellulose 2) lack chlorophyll 3) Never reproduce by seeds 4) not photosynthetic

4 main characteristics of Fungi

1) Eukaryotic organisms 2) Heterotrophs 3) Multicellular (except for yeast) 4) Cannot move on their own

Saprophyte

An organism that feeds on dead matter

From what division is the fungal component of lichens?

Ascomycota

Budding is a form of what reproduction?

Asexual

What type of algae are commonly found in lichens?

Blue-green or green algae

Example of Phylum Ascomycota (Sac Fungi)

Cup Fungi

Example of Phylum Basidiomycota (Club Fungi)

Earthstar (Devil's Cigar or Texas Star)

Are Saprophytes parasitic, autotrophic, chemotrophic, or heterotrophic?

Heterotrophic

Parasitism

One organism benefits and the other is harmed (tapeworm and dog)

Example of Phylum Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi)

Penicillium and Aspergillus

Which of the 4 types of fungi is bread mold?

Phylum Zygomycota

Basidia

Reproductive structures that produce sexual spores

Example of Phylum Zygomycota (mold)

Rhizopus- black bread mold

Stolons

Stemlike hyphae that runs along the surface of the food source

Four main types of fungi

Zygomycota(molds), Ascomycota(Sac Fungi), Basidiomycota(Club Fungi), Deuteromycota(Imperfect Fungi)

What nuclear arrangement is unique to the ascomycota and basidiomycota?

a dikaryon in the mycelium

Conidia

asexual spores

A shelf fungus produces which structure

basidiocarp

Mutualism

both organisms benefit (lichens)

How do Hyphae consume?

branch out, digest, then absorb food

septate hyphae

contain cross-walls

Crustose

crust like

Commensalism

exists when one partner benefits while the other remains unaffected (clownfish and sea anemone)

Basidiocarp

fruiting body of basidiomycetes

Dikaryon

hyphae with cells having 2 different nuclei in each cell.

Rhizopus reproduces sexually by

isogamy

Foliose

leaf-like

Mycelium

mass of hyphae

If you pick a mushroom, do you kill the entire fungal body?

no, most of the mycellum remains in the substratum

Parasites

organisms that live off living organisms

Lichens

represent symbiotic relationships between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner

Fruticose

shrub-like

sporangiophore

specialized hyphae where sporangia are found

The spore producing structure in Rhizopus is

sporangium

The zygospore give rise to what structure?

sporanglophore

Conidiophores

spore-producing hypha of sac fungi

Chitin

strong, flexible fungal wall

Mycology

study of fungi

Why are lichens classified with the fungi?

the fungal component of the lichen apparently cannot survive without the algae

Asci

the sac in ascomycetes in which the sexual spores are formed.

Hyphae

thin, thread-like structures that form the body of fungi

Rhizoids

type of hyphae formed by a mold that penetrates a food's surface


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