BIOL1010 - Final
A bear eating a fish is a type of what interspecific interation? (+,+) (-,-) (+,-)
(+,-)
What are the 4 characteristics of all cells?
1. plasma membrane 2. cytoplasm 3. genetic material 4. ribosomes
How many ATP are produced in glycolysis? 0 2 16
2
In a human sperm, will there be any other chromosomes besides the sex chromosomes? How many?
22 autosomes
What is the chromosome number found in humans cells after meiosis I is completed?
22 autosomes and a sex chromosome
Purple (P) is dominant to white (p), a cross between a true breeding purple and a true breeding white recessive would produce what percentage of white offspring in the F2 generation?
25%
How many total ATP are produced in cellular respiration? 16 28 32
32
In pH levels, is 8 or 4 more acidic?
4
In a human sperm, what percentage will contain a Y chromosome?
50%
Lead has an atomic number of 82 and a mass number of 207. This means lead has ____ Protons, _____ electrons, and _____ neutrons
82 protons, 82 electrons, and 125 neutrons
Would a large population have a large gene pool? or a small gene pool?
A large population will have a large gene pool because there will have occurred more genetic differences or mutations that allow more diversity with in the population
Which of these crosses will produce only heterozygous offspring? Aa × Aa AA × aa AA × Aa Aa × aa
AA × aa
You determine that your pool's optimum pH is 8. When you measure the pool's pH it is 9. How would you get the pH baack to 9? Add more water Add a base Add H+ Add OH-
Add H+
is the proportion of a population in different age classes
Age structure
Two different species of antelope squirrel are found on opposite sides of the grand canyon. What time of speciation was likely involved? Allopatric Sympatric
Allopatric
meaning speciation in "other homelands," involves a geographic separation of populations from a parent species and subsequent evolution A.Sympatric B. Allopactic
Allopatric
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino Acids
What is PCR used for?
Amplifying a specific segment of DNA
or producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis)
Autotroph
What are the 3 Domains of Life?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya (protists, plantae, Fungi, Animalia)
Controlling invasive species; What is using natural remedies? Chemical Mechanical Biological
Biological
Which type of cell contains DNA? Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Both
Both
Cell respiration equation:
C6H1206 + 602 -----
If a strand of DNA has a base sequence GATGGCTATTG what would the base sequence of the corresponding strand be?
CTACCGATAAC
What is the location called where 2 sister chromatids are connected?
Centromere
Controlling invasive species; What is herbicides and pesticides? Chemical Mechanical Biological
Chemical
Where does photosynthesis take place? Mitochondria Chloroplast Plasma membrane Nucleus
Chloroplast
What type of dispersal pattern is most common? Uniform Clumped Random
Clumped
What type of symbiosis occurs when one species benefits, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed. Birds nesting in trees is an example (+/0)
Commensalism
What type of interspecific interaction has a (-,-) effect? Competition Mutualism Predation Herbivory
Competition
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a saturated fat? Harmful Straight chain Contains a Kink or double bond Solid
Contains a Kink or double bond
Which of the following is a characteristic seen in prophase I that does NOT occur in prophase II? Crossing over occurs. The number of chromosomes doubles. Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell. Spindle formation occurs.
Crossing over occurs.
Which of the following is the most accurate description of transcription. DNA is changed into RNA DNA sequence is used to make complementary RNA RNA sequence is used to make protein RNA is changed into protein
DNA sequence is used to make complementary RNA
What type of mutation is happening? Normal: CCG TGT AAT TGA Mutant: CCG TGT AAT TG
Deletion
A population is growing quickly when parasite cause disease to spread quickly
Density Dependent
Rainbow smelt and yellow perch compete for the same habitat. The more aggressive smelt survive; the perch do not DD or DI
Density Dependent
biological factors; intensity depends on the density
Density Dependent
A severe flood brings a lot of sediment and silt into a lake. The turbidity of the lake increases greatly DD or DI
Density Independent
physical factors; intensity not related to density
Density Independent
Which type of cell has a nucleus? Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Both
Eukaryotic
T or F, domain archaea and eukarya are eukaryotes
False
T or F, viruses are cells
False
starting from producer organisms and ending at apex predator species, detritivores, or decomposer species
Food Web
In electrophoresis, would small fragments of DNA move further or shorter?
Further
the flow of alleles in and out of a population due to the migration of individuals or gametes
Gene Flow
Which microevolution is measured by deterring the allele frequencies
Genetic Drift
the effect of chance on a population's gene pool
Genetic Drift
Which part of the endomembrane system is known as the shipping office? ER Vacuole Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
What are the 4 main factors responsible for the loss of diversity?
Habitat destruction, invasive species, overexploitation, and pollution
The wing of a bat and the foreleg of a dog are made up of the same bones although they have different functions. These are examples of?
Homologous structures
What is the function of nucleotides? Energy Structure of cells Information storage
Information storage
What type of mutation is occurring? Normal: TGC ATT TAA GCT Mutant: TGG CAT TTA AGCT
Insertion/Frameshift
In which phase is DNA in its active/uncondensed form?
Interphase
competitive exclusion; if niches were very similar one species will out-compete the other which will become extinct.
Interspecific Competition:
non native species that has spread far beyond the original point of introduction which causes environmental damage.
Invasive Species:
When a population of organisms is evolving, what can you be sure is happening?
It is changing
the shape of an exponential growth curve
J-shaped growth curve
Organisms suitable to stable, predictable environments
K-selected species
a species suited to stable environments that produce a few, relatively large offspring and provide parental care
K-selected species
possess relatively stable populations and tend to produce relatively low numbers of offspring
K-selected species
____________ predators help maintain species diversity
Keystone
a species that has a disproportionate impact on the community in relation to its abundance
Keystone Species:
is a fungus that has symbiotic photosynthetic algae living in close association
Lichen
population growth initially grows then levels off (S- shaped growth curve)
Logistic Population growth
Which of the following contains digestive enzymes? Golgi apparatus Nucleus Vacuole Lysosomes
Lysosomes
What type of tumors are cancerous and are capable of spreading to surrounding tissues and to new locations in the body?
Malignant
Controlling invasive species; What is mowing, hunting? Chemical Mechanical Biological
Mechanical
Which is an example of prezygotic barrier that creates differences in reproductive organs? Mechanical Habitat Behavioral Gametic
Mechanical
Where does the ETC take place? Mitochondria Chloroplast Plasma membrane Nucleus
Mitochondria
defined as a permanent change in the DNA sequence
Mutation
_______________ are random, ______________ is not
Mutations are random, selection is not
What type of symbiosis occurs when both species benefit. Example coral animals and unicellular algae (+/+)
Mutualism
the greater relative survival and reproduction of individuals in a population that have favorable heritable traits, leading to evolutionary change
Natural Selection:
Which of the following promotes adaption? a)bottleneck effect b)natural selection c)genetic drift d)mutation
Natural selection
What type of charge does DNA have?
Negative
In mRNA where does splicing take place within the cell?
Nucleus
In mRNA, where does splicing take place within the cell? Ribosomes Cytosol Mitochondria Nucleus
Nucleus
Where in the cell does transcription take place?
Nucleus
What is the result of a mutated porto-oncogene which can lead to loss of growth control?
Onocogene
The scientific name of sheep is Ovis aries, which part of the name refers to the genus?
Ovis
What type of symbiosis occurs when good for parasites and bad for hosts (+/-)
Parasitism
are the major lipids of plasma membranes
Phospholipids
One species kills and eats another (+/-)
Predator
When does crossing over occur
Prophase 1
Is the following sequence a DNA or RNA strand? UAGGUA
RNA
Dolly was an example of what kind of cloning?
Reproductive
In tRNA, where does translation take place? Ribosomes Cytosol Mitochondria Nucleus
Ribosomes
the shape of a logistic growth curve
S-shaped growth curve
In gel electrophoresis, what are you trying to determine with the DNA molecules?
Size
What type of mutation is occurring? Normal: AGG TCA TTA AGT Mutant: AGA TCA TTA AFT
Substitution
meaning speciation in the "same homeland," involves speciation occurring within a parent species while remaining in one location. A.Sympatric B. Allopactic
Sympatric
Which type of pre zygotic barrier has a range that overlaps but they mate/breed/flower at different times of day or season? a)mechanical b)habitat C)temporal D)gametic
Temporal
Which type of prezygotic barrier has a range that overlaps but they mate/breed/flower at different times of day of season? Mechanical Habitat Behavioral Temporal
Temporal
What are restriction enzymes used for?
To cut DNA at precise locations
The flow of genetic information is DNA into RNA into protein into _______
Trait
What comes first, transcription or translation?
Trancription
What comes first, transcription or translation?
Transcription
manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
Transcription
T or F, mitochondria produce an energy molecule called ATP?
True
T or F, prokaryotes originated before eukaryotes
True
What is a normal gene called that stops cell division?
Tumur - suppressor gene
If a stand of DNA has a base sequence ACGGCATTA what would be the base sequence of mRNA that was transcribed?
UGCCGUAAU
What are remnants of features that served important functions in an organisms ancestors and now have little or no importance called?
Vestigial Traits
How do viruses make more viruses?
Viruses make more viruses by using the cell machinery in the host cell
Pedigree
What data or test would you seek to determine whether or not a trait is sex-linked?
What is the phenotype color of a polar bear?
White
components include air, water, soil, and climate
abiotic (non living)
the distribution of the proportion of population members in each age class
age structure
A nucleotide consists of a sugar phosphate nitrogen base all of the above
all of the above
Inside the egg are a series of fluid-filled membranes which permit the embryo to survive
amniotic egg
The wings of bats and insects are called __________________ structures; they are similar in function and appearance, but do not share an origin in a common ancestor
analogous structures
a plant that has flowers and produces seeds enclosed within a carpel
angiosperm
are organisms capable of synthesizing their own food
autotrophs
What consists of prokaryotic cells?
bacteria and archaea
A vertical plane cut from front to back separates the animal into roughly mirror-image right and left sides
bilateral symmetry
global ecosystem - the sum of all the planet's ecosystems or all of live and where it lives
biosphere
living organisms
biotic
The four most common elements found in living organisms are
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen
An individual who is homozygous ________.
carries two copies of the same allele for a gene
the maximum number of individuals of a population that can be supported by the limited resources of a habitat
carrying capacity
the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain
carrying capacity
Which polysaccharide is usually found in the cell walls of fungi? a)starch b)glycogen c)chitin d)cellulose
chitin
Which plant organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
chloroplast
All of the organisms that inhabit a particular area; group of populations
community
no two species within a habitat can coexist indefinitely when they compete for the same resources at the same time and place
competitive exclusion principle
The type of colouring or marking of an animal that helps to camouflage it in its natural environment
cryptic coloration
the density of the population affects growth rate and mortality due to biological factors (predation, competition)
density-dependent factors
the regulation of population in which birth and death rates are dependent on population size
density-dependent regulation
cause mortality in a population regardless of population density due to physical factors (weather, natural disasters, pollution)
density-independent factors
the regulation of population in which the death rate is independent of the population size
density-independent regulation
abiotic factors in addition to the community of species in a certain area
ecosystem
is a community of living organisms and their abiotic (non-living) environment
ecosystem
ny so-called cold-blooded animal; that is, any animal whose regulation of body temperature depends on external sources, such as sunlight or a heated rock surface. Ex: reptiles, snakes, lizards
ectotherm
o-called warm-blooded animals; that is, those that maintain a constant body temperature independent of the environment. ex: birds, mammals, fish, squirrel
endotherm
What domain to fungi belong to? a)archaea b)bacteria c)eukarya
eukaryotes
accelerating population growth, growing exponentially (J- shaped growth curve)
exponential growth
an accelerating growth pattern seen in populations where resources are not limiting
exponential growth
Which group are vascular plants? a)liverworts b)mosses c)hornworts d)ferns
ferns
In a human sperm, how many sex chromosomes will be found?
gametes have one chromosome from each pair, humans have 2 sex chromosomes so a sperm would have one of those
the category in the taxonomic classification system that falls within family and includes species; the first part of the scientific name
genus
Panthera (Tigers, Leopards, Jaguars and Lions)
genus - panthera
Which of these equations describes aerobic cellular respiration?
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP
The land plants are probably descendants of? a)green algae b)red algae c)brown algae d)angiosperms
green algae
a plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit
gymnosperm
An organism that cannot manufacture its own food and instead obtains its food and energy by taking in organic substances, usually plant or animal matter
heterotroph
A pair of alleles represented as Tt is best described as homozygous dominant homozygous recessive heterozygous none of the above
heterozygous
What is a histone and what type of charge does it have?
histones are proteins that help condense DNA, they have a positive charge that allow DNA's negative charge to bind to it easily
The wings of a hummingbird and an ostrich are _________________ structures, meaning they share similarities (despite their differences resulting from evolutionary divergence)
homologous structures
an organism a parasite lives on
host
competition for resources among population members of the same species
intraspecific competition
the competition among members of the same species
intraspecific competition
is a plant, fungus, or animal species that is not native to a specific location (an introduced species), and that has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.
invasive species
an animal lacking a backbone, such as an arthropod
invertebrate
a simple slow-growing plant that typically forms a low crustlike, leaflike, or branching growth on rocks, walls, and trees
lichen
a table showing the life expectancy of a population member based on its age
life table
the leveling off of exponential growth due to limiting resources
logistic growth
What do tRNA's attach onto during translation?
mRNA
What do tRNA's attach onto during translation? Ribosomes mRNA Nuclues Plasma Membrane
mRNA
Which of the following is an example of a pre zygotic barrier that creates differences in reproductive organs? a)mechanical b)habitat C)behavioral D)gametic
mechanical
a harmless species imitates the warning coloration of a harmful species
mimicry
an adaptation in which an organism looks like another organism that is dangerous, toxic, or distasteful to its predators
mimicry
is a similarity of one organism, usually an animal, to another that has evolved because the resemblance is selectively favoured by the behaviour of a shared signal receiver that can respond to both.
mimicry
The root system may be changed to different forms for special functions like storage, mechanical support and vital functions
modified plant root
Plants often modify their stems for special functions. These modifications can have unusual and even bizarre shapes, and can grow above as well as below the ground ex. thorns on stems to protect
modified plant stem
a symbiotic relationship between two species where both species benefit (+/+)
mutualism
is the role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces
niche
DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ________ monomers.
nucleotide
Nucleic acids are polymers of ________ monomers.
nucleotide
Which of the following represents the smallest group of organisms a)domain b)phylum c)kingdom d)order
order
Individual living things
organism
an organism that uses resources from another species: the host
parasite
where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life
parasitism
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographical are
population
The CORRECT sequence of stages of mitosis is ________.
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Ribosomes are the site of ____________________.
protein synthesis
Enzymes are ________.
proteins
Organisms adapted to unstable, unpredictable environments
r-selected species
a species suited to changing environments that produce many offspring and provide little or no parental care
r-selected species
are those that emphasize high growth rates, typically exploit less-crowded ecological niches, and produce many offspring, each of which has a relatively low probability of surviving to adulthood
r-selected species
has a longitudinal (up-and-down) orientation: Any plane cut along this up-down axis produces roughly mirror-image halves.
radial symmetry
Where is translation accomplished?
ribosomes
What are the 3 shapes of bacteria
rod, round, spira
Using letters. give an example of a recessive genotype
rr
the number of different species in a community
species richness
A graph of the number of individuals surviving at each age interval versus time.
survivorship curve
a graph of the number of surviving population members versus the relative age of the member
survivorship curve
Which of the following traits characterizes gymnosperms? a)the plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves b)reproductive structures are located in a flower c)after fertilization, the ovary thickens and forms a fruit d)the gametophyte is the longer phase of the life cyle
the plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves
What nitrogenous base is not found in RNA sequence?
thymine
In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ________ and guanine pairs with ________.
thymine... cytosine
The transfer of information from DNA into an RNA molecule is known as ________.
transcription
A type of survivorship curve, where mortality is low in the early and middle years and occurs mostly in older individuals. Ex. humans and mammals
type I
A type of survivorship curve, where mortality is relatively constant throughout the entire life span, and mortality is equally likely to occur at any point in the life span. Ex. birds
type II
A type of survivorship curve, where early ages experience the highest mortality with much lower mortality rates for organisms that make it to advanced years. Typically produce large numbers of offspring, but provide very little or no care for them. Ex. Trees
type III
are various cells, tissues, and organs in a body which no longer function in the same way the ancestral form of the trait functioned
vestigial structure
