BIOL1010 - Final

A bear eating a fish is a type of what interspecific interation? (+,+) (-,-) (+,-)

(+,-)

What are the 4 characteristics of all cells?

1. plasma membrane 2. cytoplasm 3. genetic material 4. ribosomes

How many ATP are produced in glycolysis? 0 2 16

2

In a human sperm, will there be any other chromosomes besides the sex chromosomes? How many?

22 autosomes

What is the chromosome number found in humans cells after meiosis I is completed?

22 autosomes and a sex chromosome

Purple (P) is dominant to white (p), a cross between a true breeding purple and a true breeding white recessive would produce what percentage of white offspring in the F2 generation?

25%

How many total ATP are produced in cellular respiration? 16 28 32

32

In pH levels, is 8 or 4 more acidic?

4

In a human sperm, what percentage will contain a Y chromosome?

50%

Lead has an atomic number of 82 and a mass number of 207. This means lead has ____ Protons, _____ electrons, and _____ neutrons

82 protons, 82 electrons, and 125 neutrons

Would a large population have a large gene pool? or a small gene pool?

A large population will have a large gene pool because there will have occurred more genetic differences or mutations that allow more diversity with in the population

Which of these crosses will produce only heterozygous offspring? Aa × Aa AA × aa AA × Aa Aa × aa

AA × aa

You determine that your pool's optimum pH is 8. When you measure the pool's pH it is 9. How would you get the pH baack to 9? Add more water Add a base Add H+ Add OH-

Add H+

is the proportion of a population in different age classes

Age structure

Two different species of antelope squirrel are found on opposite sides of the grand canyon. What time of speciation was likely involved? Allopatric Sympatric

Allopatric

meaning speciation in "other homelands," involves a geographic separation of populations from a parent species and subsequent evolution A.Sympatric B. Allopactic

Allopatric

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino Acids

What is PCR used for?

Amplifying a specific segment of DNA

or producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis)

Autotroph

What are the 3 Domains of Life?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya (protists, plantae, Fungi, Animalia)

Controlling invasive species; What is using natural remedies? Chemical Mechanical Biological

Biological

Which type of cell contains DNA? Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Both

Both

Cell respiration equation:

C6H1206 + 602 -----

If a strand of DNA has a base sequence GATGGCTATTG what would the base sequence of the corresponding strand be?

CTACCGATAAC

What is the location called where 2 sister chromatids are connected?

Centromere

Controlling invasive species; What is herbicides and pesticides? Chemical Mechanical Biological

Chemical

Where does photosynthesis take place? Mitochondria Chloroplast Plasma membrane Nucleus

Chloroplast

What type of dispersal pattern is most common? Uniform Clumped Random

Clumped

What type of symbiosis occurs when one species benefits, while the other neither benefits nor is harmed. Birds nesting in trees is an example (+/0)

Commensalism

What type of interspecific interaction has a (-,-) effect? Competition Mutualism Predation Herbivory

Competition

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a saturated fat? Harmful Straight chain Contains a Kink or double bond Solid

Contains a Kink or double bond

Which of the following is a characteristic seen in prophase I that does NOT occur in prophase II? Crossing over occurs. The number of chromosomes doubles. Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell. Spindle formation occurs.

Crossing over occurs.

Which of the following is the most accurate description of transcription. DNA is changed into RNA DNA sequence is used to make complementary RNA RNA sequence is used to make protein RNA is changed into protein

DNA sequence is used to make complementary RNA

What type of mutation is happening? Normal: CCG TGT AAT TGA Mutant: CCG TGT AAT TG

Deletion

A population is growing quickly when parasite cause disease to spread quickly

Density Dependent

Rainbow smelt and yellow perch compete for the same habitat. The more aggressive smelt survive; the perch do not DD or DI

Density Dependent

biological factors; intensity depends on the density

Density Dependent

A severe flood brings a lot of sediment and silt into a lake. The turbidity of the lake increases greatly DD or DI

Density Independent

physical factors; intensity not related to density

Density Independent

Which type of cell has a nucleus? Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Both

Eukaryotic

T or F, domain archaea and eukarya are eukaryotes

False

T or F, viruses are cells

False

starting from producer organisms and ending at apex predator species, detritivores, or decomposer species

Food Web

In electrophoresis, would small fragments of DNA move further or shorter?

Further

the flow of alleles in and out of a population due to the migration of individuals or gametes

Gene Flow

Which microevolution is measured by deterring the allele frequencies

Genetic Drift

the effect of chance on a population's gene pool

Genetic Drift

Which part of the endomembrane system is known as the shipping office? ER Vacuole Ribosomes Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus

What are the 4 main factors responsible for the loss of diversity?

Habitat destruction, invasive species, overexploitation, and pollution

The wing of a bat and the foreleg of a dog are made up of the same bones although they have different functions. These are examples of?

Homologous structures

What is the function of nucleotides? Energy Structure of cells Information storage

Information storage

What type of mutation is occurring? Normal: TGC ATT TAA GCT Mutant: TGG CAT TTA AGCT

Insertion/Frameshift

In which phase is DNA in its active/uncondensed form?

Interphase

competitive exclusion; if niches were very similar one species will out-compete the other which will become extinct.

Interspecific Competition:

non native species that has spread far beyond the original point of introduction which causes environmental damage.

Invasive Species:

When a population of organisms is evolving, what can you be sure is happening?

It is changing

the shape of an exponential growth curve

J-shaped growth curve

Organisms suitable to stable, predictable environments

K-selected species

a species suited to stable environments that produce a few, relatively large offspring and provide parental care

K-selected species

possess relatively stable populations and tend to produce relatively low numbers of offspring

K-selected species

____________ predators help maintain species diversity

Keystone

a species that has a disproportionate impact on the community in relation to its abundance

Keystone Species:

is a fungus that has symbiotic photosynthetic algae living in close association

Lichen

population growth initially grows then levels off (S- shaped growth curve)

Logistic Population growth

Which of the following contains digestive enzymes? Golgi apparatus Nucleus Vacuole Lysosomes

Lysosomes

What type of tumors are cancerous and are capable of spreading to surrounding tissues and to new locations in the body?

Malignant

Controlling invasive species; What is mowing, hunting? Chemical Mechanical Biological

Mechanical

Which is an example of prezygotic barrier that creates differences in reproductive organs? Mechanical Habitat Behavioral Gametic

Mechanical

Where does the ETC take place? Mitochondria Chloroplast Plasma membrane Nucleus

Mitochondria

defined as a permanent change in the DNA sequence

Mutation

_______________ are random, ______________ is not

Mutations are random, selection is not

What type of symbiosis occurs when both species benefit. Example coral animals and unicellular algae (+/+)

Mutualism

the greater relative survival and reproduction of individuals in a population that have favorable heritable traits, leading to evolutionary change

Natural Selection:

Which of the following promotes adaption? a)bottleneck effect b)natural selection c)genetic drift d)mutation

Natural selection

What type of charge does DNA have?

Negative

In mRNA where does splicing take place within the cell?

Nucleus

In mRNA, where does splicing take place within the cell? Ribosomes Cytosol Mitochondria Nucleus

Nucleus

Where in the cell does transcription take place?

Nucleus

What is the result of a mutated porto-oncogene which can lead to loss of growth control?

Onocogene

The scientific name of sheep is Ovis aries, which part of the name refers to the genus?

Ovis

What type of symbiosis occurs when good for parasites and bad for hosts (+/-)

Parasitism

are the major lipids of plasma membranes

Phospholipids

One species kills and eats another (+/-)

Predator

When does crossing over occur

Prophase 1

Is the following sequence a DNA or RNA strand? UAGGUA

RNA

Dolly was an example of what kind of cloning?

Reproductive

In tRNA, where does translation take place? Ribosomes Cytosol Mitochondria Nucleus

Ribosomes

the shape of a logistic growth curve

S-shaped growth curve

In gel electrophoresis, what are you trying to determine with the DNA molecules?

Size

What type of mutation is occurring? Normal: AGG TCA TTA AGT Mutant: AGA TCA TTA AFT

Substitution

meaning speciation in the "same homeland," involves speciation occurring within a parent species while remaining in one location. A.Sympatric B. Allopactic

Sympatric

Which type of pre zygotic barrier has a range that overlaps but they mate/breed/flower at different times of day or season? a)mechanical b)habitat C)temporal D)gametic

Temporal

Which type of prezygotic barrier has a range that overlaps but they mate/breed/flower at different times of day of season? Mechanical Habitat Behavioral Temporal

Temporal

What are restriction enzymes used for?

To cut DNA at precise locations

The flow of genetic information is DNA into RNA into protein into _______

Trait

What comes first, transcription or translation?

Trancription

What comes first, transcription or translation?

Transcription

manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA

Transcription

T or F, mitochondria produce an energy molecule called ATP?

True

T or F, prokaryotes originated before eukaryotes

True

What is a normal gene called that stops cell division?

Tumur - suppressor gene

If a stand of DNA has a base sequence ACGGCATTA what would be the base sequence of mRNA that was transcribed?

UGCCGUAAU

What are remnants of features that served important functions in an organisms ancestors and now have little or no importance called?

Vestigial Traits

How do viruses make more viruses?

Viruses make more viruses by using the cell machinery in the host cell

Pedigree

What data or test would you seek to determine whether or not a trait is sex-linked?

What is the phenotype color of a polar bear?

White

components include air, water, soil, and climate

abiotic (non living)

the distribution of the proportion of population members in each age class

age structure

A nucleotide consists of a sugar phosphate nitrogen base all of the above

all of the above

Inside the egg are a series of fluid-filled membranes which permit the embryo to survive

amniotic egg

The wings of bats and insects are called __________________ structures; they are similar in function and appearance, but do not share an origin in a common ancestor

analogous structures

a plant that has flowers and produces seeds enclosed within a carpel

angiosperm

are organisms capable of synthesizing their own food

autotrophs

What consists of prokaryotic cells?

bacteria and archaea

A vertical plane cut from front to back separates the animal into roughly mirror-image right and left sides

bilateral symmetry

global ecosystem - the sum of all the planet's ecosystems or all of live and where it lives

biosphere

living organisms

biotic

The four most common elements found in living organisms are

carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen

An individual who is homozygous ________.

carries two copies of the same allele for a gene

the maximum number of individuals of a population that can be supported by the limited resources of a habitat

carrying capacity

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

carrying capacity

Which polysaccharide is usually found in the cell walls of fungi? a)starch b)glycogen c)chitin d)cellulose

chitin

Which plant organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

chloroplast

All of the organisms that inhabit a particular area; group of populations

community

no two species within a habitat can coexist indefinitely when they compete for the same resources at the same time and place

competitive exclusion principle

The type of colouring or marking of an animal that helps to camouflage it in its natural environment

cryptic coloration

the density of the population affects growth rate and mortality due to biological factors (predation, competition)

density-dependent factors

the regulation of population in which birth and death rates are dependent on population size

density-dependent regulation

cause mortality in a population regardless of population density due to physical factors (weather, natural disasters, pollution)

density-independent factors

the regulation of population in which the death rate is independent of the population size

density-independent regulation

abiotic factors in addition to the community of species in a certain area

ecosystem

is a community of living organisms and their abiotic (non-living) environment

ecosystem

ny so-called cold-blooded animal; that is, any animal whose regulation of body temperature depends on external sources, such as sunlight or a heated rock surface. Ex: reptiles, snakes, lizards

ectotherm

o-called warm-blooded animals; that is, those that maintain a constant body temperature independent of the environment. ex: birds, mammals, fish, squirrel

endotherm

What domain to fungi belong to? a)archaea b)bacteria c)eukarya

eukaryotes

accelerating population growth, growing exponentially (J- shaped growth curve)

exponential growth

an accelerating growth pattern seen in populations where resources are not limiting

exponential growth

Which group are vascular plants? a)liverworts b)mosses c)hornworts d)ferns

ferns

In a human sperm, how many sex chromosomes will be found?

gametes have one chromosome from each pair, humans have 2 sex chromosomes so a sperm would have one of those

the category in the taxonomic classification system that falls within family and includes species; the first part of the scientific name

genus

Panthera (Tigers, Leopards, Jaguars and Lions)

genus - panthera

Which of these equations describes aerobic cellular respiration?

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP

The land plants are probably descendants of? a)green algae b)red algae c)brown algae d)angiosperms

green algae

a plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit

gymnosperm

An organism that cannot manufacture its own food and instead obtains its food and energy by taking in organic substances, usually plant or animal matter

heterotroph

A pair of alleles represented as Tt is best described as homozygous dominant homozygous recessive heterozygous none of the above

heterozygous

What is a histone and what type of charge does it have?

histones are proteins that help condense DNA, they have a positive charge that allow DNA's negative charge to bind to it easily

The wings of a hummingbird and an ostrich are _________________ structures, meaning they share similarities (despite their differences resulting from evolutionary divergence)

homologous structures

an organism a parasite lives on

host

competition for resources among population members of the same species

intraspecific competition

the competition among members of the same species

intraspecific competition

is a plant, fungus, or animal species that is not native to a specific location (an introduced species), and that has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.

invasive species

an animal lacking a backbone, such as an arthropod

invertebrate

a simple slow-growing plant that typically forms a low crustlike, leaflike, or branching growth on rocks, walls, and trees

lichen

a table showing the life expectancy of a population member based on its age

life table

the leveling off of exponential growth due to limiting resources

logistic growth

What do tRNA's attach onto during translation?

mRNA

What do tRNA's attach onto during translation? Ribosomes mRNA Nuclues Plasma Membrane

mRNA

Which of the following is an example of a pre zygotic barrier that creates differences in reproductive organs? a)mechanical b)habitat C)behavioral D)gametic

mechanical

a harmless species imitates the warning coloration of a harmful species

mimicry

an adaptation in which an organism looks like another organism that is dangerous, toxic, or distasteful to its predators

mimicry

is a similarity of one organism, usually an animal, to another that has evolved because the resemblance is selectively favoured by the behaviour of a shared signal receiver that can respond to both.

mimicry

The root system may be changed to different forms for special functions like storage, mechanical support and vital functions

modified plant root

Plants often modify their stems for special functions. These modifications can have unusual and even bizarre shapes, and can grow above as well as below the ground ex. thorns on stems to protect

modified plant stem

a symbiotic relationship between two species where both species benefit (+/+)

mutualism

is the role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces

niche

DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ________ monomers.

nucleotide

Nucleic acids are polymers of ________ monomers.

nucleotide

Which of the following represents the smallest group of organisms a)domain b)phylum c)kingdom d)order

order

Individual living things

organism

an organism that uses resources from another species: the host

parasite

where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life

parasitism

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographical are

population

The CORRECT sequence of stages of mitosis is ________.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Ribosomes are the site of ____________________.

protein synthesis

Enzymes are ________.

proteins

Organisms adapted to unstable, unpredictable environments

r-selected species

a species suited to changing environments that produce many offspring and provide little or no parental care

r-selected species

are those that emphasize high growth rates, typically exploit less-crowded ecological niches, and produce many offspring, each of which has a relatively low probability of surviving to adulthood

r-selected species

has a longitudinal (up-and-down) orientation: Any plane cut along this up-down axis produces roughly mirror-image halves.

radial symmetry

Where is translation accomplished?

ribosomes

What are the 3 shapes of bacteria

rod, round, spira

Using letters. give an example of a recessive genotype

rr

the number of different species in a community

species richness

A graph of the number of individuals surviving at each age interval versus time.

survivorship curve

a graph of the number of surviving population members versus the relative age of the member

survivorship curve

Which of the following traits characterizes gymnosperms? a)the plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves b)reproductive structures are located in a flower c)after fertilization, the ovary thickens and forms a fruit d)the gametophyte is the longer phase of the life cyle

the plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves

What nitrogenous base is not found in RNA sequence?

thymine

In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ________ and guanine pairs with ________.

thymine... cytosine

The transfer of information from DNA into an RNA molecule is known as ________.

transcription

A type of survivorship curve, where mortality is low in the early and middle years and occurs mostly in older individuals. Ex. humans and mammals

type I

A type of survivorship curve, where mortality is relatively constant throughout the entire life span, and mortality is equally likely to occur at any point in the life span. Ex. birds

type II

A type of survivorship curve, where early ages experience the highest mortality with much lower mortality rates for organisms that make it to advanced years. Typically produce large numbers of offspring, but provide very little or no care for them. Ex. Trees

type III

are various cells, tissues, and organs in a body which no longer function in the same way the ancestral form of the trait functioned

vestigial structure