BIOL115 Ch. 3

Salinity of seawater is usually expressed as the number of grams of salt in ______ grams of seawater.

1,000

Arrange the following steps involved in the measurement of temperature and salinity of seawater in the order of occurrence. (Place the first step at the top.)

1.) Specially designed bottles and thermometers are lowered on a wire to the desired depth 2.) A weight called a messenger is released so slide down the wire 3.) The bottle snap shut trapping a water sample and the thermometers are triggered to freeze the temperature reading

A liter of air contains about ______ ml of oxygen.

210

The average salinity of the ocean is about ______.

35%

The amount of dissolved oxygen per liter of seawater is typically ______ ml.

4 to 6

The carbon dioxide gas makes up more than ______% of the dissolved gas in the ocean.

80

Which of the following is true about the interconversion of water between solid and liquid phases?

A large amount of heat must be removed from liquid water to freeze it.

Based on the the given image, match the different parts of a wave, labeled A to D, (in the left column) with their respective terms (in the right column).

A.) Crest B.) Trough C.) Wavelength D.) Height

Based on the given figure, match the forms of wave, labeled A to C, (in the left column) with their terms (in the right column).

A.) Seas B.) Swells C.) Surf

Based on the given figure, match the labeled regions representing different wind patterns (in the left column) with the specific wind types (in the right column).

A.) Trade winds B.) Westerlies C.)Polar easterlies

Based on the given graph, match the regions marked as A and B (in the left column) with their respective stages reflecting the state of water (in the right column).

A.) water or liquid state B.) Gas or vapor state

Identify the sources of the materials that constitute seawater. (Check all that apply.)

Fissures of the mid-ocean ridges Volcanoes Hydrothermal vents

Identify the type of bond between water molecules, labeled as A, in the given image.

Hydrogen bond

Identify the most important atmospheric gases for marine life that dissolve at the sea surface. (Check all that apply.)

Nitrogen Carbon dioxide Oxygen

is defined as the total amount of salt dissolved in seawater.

Salinity

______ are waves with smoothly rounded crests and troughs that are formed once they are away from the wind and are very similar to the ideal waves.

Swells

Which of the following aspects of seawater determine its density? (Check all that apply.)

Temperature Average salinity

Identify a true statement about the dissolved gases in the ocean.

The ocean stores more than 50 times as much carbon dioxide as the atmosphere.

Identify the true statements about the nature of the sea surface that can lead to wave cancellations. (Check all that apply.)

The sea surface is affected by a mixture of waves coming from different directions. The sea surface is affected by winds coming from different places.

Which of the following is true about the formation of surface currents?

The surface current moves at an angle of 45° due to the Coriolis effect.

Identify a true statement about the hydrogen bonds in liquid water.

They constantly break apart and re-form between molecules, as they are weak.

Match the types of wind (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).

Trade winds: They approach the Equator at an angle of 45° and are the steadiest winds on Earth. Westerlies Westerlies: They lie at the middle latitudes and are variable. Polar Easterlies: They are high-altitude winds and the most variable winds of all.

Match the terms associated with waves (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column).

Wave Height: It refers to the size of the wave and is the vertical distance between the crest and trough. It refers to the size of the wave and is the vertical distance between the crest and trough. Wavelength: It refers to the distance between adjacent crests or troughs. Period: It refers to the time taken by a wave to go by a given point.

______ occurs when the crest of one wave meets the trough of another, and the sea surface ends up intermediate between the two.

Wave cancellation

Identify a true statement about waves and their movement in the ocean.

Waves carry energy across the sea surface

Identify a true statement about water molecules in the vapor state.

When water boils, nearly all the hydrogen bonds are broken, and many molecules enter the vapor state all at once.

After ice has melted, the added heat causes ______.

an increase in the speed of molecular motion

Compared to ice crystals, the molecules in liquid water ______. (Click all that apply.)

are placed nearer to each other occupy less volume move very quickly

During the melting of ice, the added heat ______.

breaks hydrogen bonds

Some of the substances found in seawater are produced by the ______ of rocks on land and are carried to the sea by rivers.

chemical weathering

Water freezes when the hydrogen bonds take over, locking the molecules into a fixed, three-dimensional pattern known as a(n)

crystal

When the ionic bonds that hold the salt crystal together weaken, the ions ______ and the salt dissolves in water.

dissociate

Water is removed from the ocean primarily by ______.

evaporation

The average salinity of the open ocean depends mostly on the balance between ______.

evaporation and precipitation

True or false: All substances can exist, in nature, in all the three different phases or states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

false

True or false: As seawater gets colder, it becomes less dense.

false

True or false: As the temperature rises, the evaporation rate of water decreases. True

false

The span of open water over which the wind blows is known as the

fetch

The sea surface releases gases to the atmosphere in a process known as

gas exchange

The amount of heat required to melt a substance is called its

latent heat of melting

When liquid water cools, but does not reach the point of freezing, the molecules ______.

pack closer together

The amount of oxygen in the ocean is strongly affected by organisms through ______ during which much of the oxygen produced is released to the atmosphere.

photosynthesis

Water is added to the ocean primarily by ______.

precipitation through rain and snow

The temperature, salinity, or any other characteristic of seawater at various depths in the water column can be plotted on a(n)

profile

The relatively low dissolved oxygen level in seawater makes it more susceptible than air to oxygen depletion by ______.

respiration

While the wind is blowing, it pushes the wave crests up into sharp peaks and stretches out the troughs. Such waves are called ______.

seas

Friction on the ocean surface from the major wind fields of the atmosphere causes the sea surface to move, creating ______.

surface currents

When a salt crystal is placed in water, ______.

the strongly charged ions attract the water molecules

______ is the only substance that naturally occurs in all three states of matter on Earth.

water