Biology 101 Smart book Chapter 3

Select all of the following that describe electron microscopes.

-usually require that specimen be killed - expensive to build and operate - provide greater magnification than light microscopes - use beam of electrons instead of light

Select all of the following that are present at the connection between normal cells of multicellular organisms.

-ways that cells can communicate with each other - a way for cells to adhere to one another

----junctions link cytoskeletal filaments of adjacent animal cells in one place, like a rivet.

Anchoring

What cell shape has the most efficient exchange of materials between the cell's interior and exterior?

Cell with more surface area relative to volume

A(n) is the smallest and most basic unit of life and can function as one or many working together.

Cell, cells

In bacterial cells, the nucleoid is where the cell's -- congregates.

DNA

Organisms in the domain --- are made of cells that have a nucleus and membranous organelles.

Eukarya

Protists, including the single- celled organisms Amoeba and Paramecium belong to domain

Eukarya

In all cells, RNA and ribosomes play a role in the production of ---, which are molecules that carry out all of the cell's work.

proteins

In eukaryotic cilia and flagella, the movement of the protein ______ slides adjacent microtubules against each other and causes bending of the appendage.

dynein

What type of microscope allows resolution of objects that are about 5 nanometers in size?

electron

Based on Carl Woese's work, biologists recognized -- domains of life

three

In animal tissues where cells are not in direct contact with each other, what holds cells together and coordinates cell activities?

extracellular matrix

The --- microscope is ideal for viewing living cells that are between 200 nanometers and 1 millimeter in size.

light

Archaeans called methanogens use carbon dioxide and hydrogen from the environment and produce --- as a byproduct.

methane

Within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, there are multiple specialized compartments called ---.

organelles

Select all of the following that are true about organisms in Domain Bacteria

- important decomposers and producers - Earth's oldest organisms - some live in human intestines and help with digestion - some are used to make pharmaceuticals

Select all of the following that are components of the cytoplasm, outside the nuclear membrane.

- ion and enzymes - cytoskeleton - cytosol - organelles

Select all of the following that describe tight junctions.

- join adjacent cells into sheets - membrane proteins connect to actin in the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells - create the "blood-brain barrier"

Select all of the following that describe gap junctions.

- protein channels between adjacent animal cells - allow the coordinated contraction of heart muscle cells

Select all of the following that are true about prokaryotes

- simplest types of life - most ancient forms of life on Earth - lack a nucleus

Select the organelles that are involved in the production of milk proteins to be secreted by mammary gland cells in animals called mammals.

-Golgi apparatus -endoplasmic reticulum -nucleus

Select all of the following types of cells that usually possess cell walls.

-bacteria -plant -algae -fungi -archaea

Select all of the following that are present in bacterial cells.

-cytoplasm - DNA - Enzymes - ribosomes

Select all of the cell parts that are involved in the endomembrane system.

-endoplasmic reticulum -lysosomes -Golgi apparatus -nuclear envelope -vacuoles

Select all of the following that are roles of cell walls

-help determine cell specialization - provide shape - regulate cell volume

Select all of the following that are true about Archaea.

-include methanogens and extremophiles -found in extreme and moderate environments - can occupy same environments as bacteria

Select all of the following that are able to pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer.

-lipids - o2 and CO2 - small nonpolar molecules

Select all of the molecules that are components of plants cell walls

-pectin - glycoproteins -cellulose - lignin - hemicellulose

Select all of the following that are components of phospholipid molecules, which are the main constituents of cell membranes.

-phosphate group -two fatty acids - glycerol molecule

Select all the roles that membranes play in cells.

-receive and respond to external stimuli - transport substances into and out the cell - enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells

Select all of the characteristics of organelles

-studded with membrane proteins - contain distinct proteins - surrounded by membrane

Select all of the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

-synthesize lipids - house enzymes that detoxify drugs and poisons

Select all of the characteristics of eukaryotic cells.

-system of internal membranes - nucleus - larger than prokaryotic cells

What feature enables eukaryotic cells to keep biochemicals and related structures in close proximity and increase efficiency within a relatively large cell volume?

Organelles

--- cells are the simplest forms of life and lack a nucleus.

Prokaryotic

Whether bacterium or blue whale, every organism is made of

cells