Biology 1050 Unit 4 Quizzes

In an ecosystem, photosynthesis occurs in the

producers

Which of the following organisms cycles carbon dioxide from the air into organic molecules?

producers

Blood type shows co-dominance. A mother with blood genotype IAIA and a father with blood genotype IAIB have children. What are the possible blood phenotypes of the children?

only type A or type AB

Which of the following does NOT change the allele combinations in a population?

mitosis

If a fish is part of a species that usually display their fins to attract females for mating, but an individual male fails to display his fins to attract a mate, this male is an example of

behavioral isolation

When 90% of a population of worms on the ground are randomly killed by a boulder falling on them, and the remaining 10% keep breeding and maintain the population, it is an example of

bottleneck effect

Plants contain starches and cellulose. Starch and cellulose are polysaccharides (polymers of sugars). The carbon in starches comes from

carbon dioxide

The major structural component of a plant is cellulose, which is a carbohydrate made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The carbon in the cellulose in plants is from

carbon dioxide fixed by photosynthesis

In the leaves of plants during photosynthesis

carbon dioxide is a reactant and glucose is a product

The temperature of the Earth is increasing because

carbon dioxide is being released from fossil fuels.

In an ecosystem, __________ usually cycle(s) within the ecosystem, and __________ usually flow(s) through the ecosystem.

chemicals, energy

Which of the following would increase Cladophora growth along the shores of the Great Lakes?

decreasing the amount of phosphorus near the phytoplankton

Compared to a non-organic farm, which of the following would you be likely to find more of on an organic farm?

diverse crops grown together

Which of the following is always true?

dominant alleles appear in the phenotype even if they are only one of two copies

Imagine pond with a community of two types of algae. One population of algae in the community, called type A algae, tolerates pH levels from 6.5 to 7.6 and dies outside of this range. Another population in the community, called type B algae, tolerates pH levels from 7.0 to 7.9 and dies outside of that range. What would you expect to happen if the pH of the pond with this community of algae drops from 7.3 to 6.7?

due to the natural selection, the allele frequency of type A alleles in the community would increase

In a cell that will undergo meiosis to make sperm cells, one copy of each type of chromosome came from the mother and the other copy came from the father of the organism. During meiosis

each sperm cell usually has alleles from each parent

Which of the following is NOT a concern for soil conservation?

energy flow through the ecosystem

Which of the following is correctly matched to its main function?

flowers - reproduction

In ecosystems, chemicals usually cycle within the ecosystem, and energy usually

flows through the ecosystem

When the receptor proteins on an egg do not match the proteins on a sperm cell that is an example of

gametic isolation, which is a prezygotic reproductive barrier.

When the receptor proteins on an egg do not match the proteins on a sperm cell, that is an example of

gametic isolation, which is a prezygotic reproductive barrier.

Which of the following is most likely to increase the diversity of alleles in a population?

gene flow due to new individuals joining the population

Green pod color (G) is dominant to yellow pod color (g). Which of the following genotypes could be for a plant with yellow pods?

gg

Which of the following is NOT an example of artificial selection? A farmer

increasing the salinity of his fields by irrigation, which results in weeds that are resistant to high-salt conditions

The evidence for evolution does NOT include

individuals of a species surviving at the same rate as each other

Which of the following is an example of mechanical isolation?

insects with external genitalia do not align for fertilization

Which of the following is an example of natural selection, which is the mechanism of evolution?

insects with green alleles become more common over generations in an environment with many green leaves

Blood type shows co-dominance. Mom is homozygous dominant for type A blood. Dad has type AB blood. What is probability that their child has type B blood?

it is not possible

If the external genitals (reproductive organs) of two birds prevent them from creating a zygote together, it is an example of

mechanical isolation

Axial flowers (A) are dominant to terminal flowers (a) and Mendelian. On average, a monohybrid cross of AA plants crossed to aa plants in the P generation would lead to a genotype ratio in the F2 generation of

1 AA, 2 Aa, 1 aa

Flower position is Mendelian. Axial flowers are dominant to terminal flowers. In a monohybrid cross of a plant with axial flowers to a plant with terminal flowers, the F2 generation would have a genotype ratio of

1 AA, 2 Aa, 1 aa

Carbon dioxide and water are

the products of cellular respiration and the reactants of photosynthesis

Which trait below would be hard or impossible to breed by artificial selection?

a dog that responds to the command to shake hands

A man is heterozygous for hemoglobin, with one normal allele for sickle cell anemia and one sickle allele. What are the chances that one of his sperm cells will have the normal allele?

50%

Assume a Mendelian character for cricket leg length for this question. There is a population of 1000 crickets. 500 of the crickets are heterozygous for leg length, and 500 are homozygous for long-legs. Long legs are recessive. What is the phenotype frequency of long legs in this population of crickets?

50%

If you have a population of humans with 15 homozygous dominant people, 25 heterozygous people, and 10 homozygous recessive people, what is the phenotype frequency for the dominant phenotype?

80%

You perform a monohybrid cross of plants with red flowers (RR) and plants with white flowers (rr) in a species where flower color has incomplete dominance resulting in pink flowers. You continue to cross the F1 generation plants with each other to generate the F2 generation. What genotypic ratio of alleles for flower color would you predict in the F2 generation?

1 RR : 2 Rr : 1 rr

Plant height is Mendelian. Tall plants (T) are dominant to short plants (t). In a monohybrid cross of a tall plant to a short plant, the F2 generation would have a genotype ratio of

1 TT, 2 Tt, 1 tt

You start with a population with an allele frequency of 50% G and 50% g, and the individuals breed randomly and there is no selection for or against G or g. After 100 generations, you would expect the allele frequency to be

50% G and 50% g

How could you create a transgenic plant?

Insert the gene from a different species in the vector, infect a plant cell with the new gene, and grow a plant from the cell.

Assume Mendelian inheritance for this question. For this question, there is a population of 1000 snakes, including 500 snakes that are homozygous for the red-stripe allele (R, dominant), and 500 snakes that are heterozygous for the stripe allele (one red stripe allele, R; and one no-stripe allele, r). What is the phenotype frequency for red-stripe snakes in this population?

100%

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. For the A gene, what is the predicted ratio of the genotypes of gametes for an individual that has genotype AA?

100% A, 0% a

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. For a cross of dominant green-pod plants (G) to recessive yellow-pod plants (g), the F1 generation will be

100% Gg genotype, and 100% green-pod phenotype

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. For a cross of dominant round-pea plants (R) to recessive wrinkled-pea plants (r), the F1 generation will be

100% Rr genotype, and 100% round-pea phenotype

Which of the following is a value, not a fact?

It is more important to be able to use phosphorous fertilizer, than to limit phosphorous entering the Great Lakes.

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. If green-pods (G) are dominant to yellow-pods (g), what are the probabilities of possible genotype(s) of the gametes of a plant with green pods that has the genotype Gg?

50% G, and 50% g

Assume Mendelian inheritance for this question. You perform a monohybrid cross of a plant with green-pod phenotype to a plant with the yellow-pod phenotype. Green pods (G) are dominant, and yellow pods (g) are recessive. If you have 10,000 plants in the F2 generation, how many of the F2 plants do you predict will have green pods and be true breeding?

2,500

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. You have a population of 10,000 beetles that are all heterozygous for leg length (L for Long, and l for short). What is the allele frequency for the long leg gene (L)?

50% L

Assume dog coat color is Mendelian. The B allele is dominant for a brown coat. Black coats (b) are recessive. Which of the following dogs is homozygous recessive?

a dog with a black coat

In a Mendelian monohybrid cross of a pea plant with dominant tall (T) plants with a plant with recessive short (t) plants, how many offspring of 100 plants in the F2 generation would you predict will be homozygous recessive?

25

Red flowers show incomplete dominance. If you cross a P generation of plants with red flowers (RR) and white flowers (rr), what phenotypic ratio of flower color would you predict in the F2 generation?

1 red: 2 pink: 1 white

Imagine hemoglobin type in fish is Mendelian. You have a population of 1000 fish that are all heterozygous for the hemoglobin gene, with the type A hemoglobin dominant (H) to the type B hemoglobin (h). What is the phenotype frequency of fish in this population with type B hemoglobin?

0% type B insulin

Which of the following is NOT evidence for evolution?

a dog with plenty of food gets fatter than a dog with scarce food

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. For the B gene, what is the predicted ratio of the genotypes of gametes for an individual that has genotype bb?

0% B, 100% b

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. You have a population of 1,000 fish. Long tails (L) are dominant. Short tails (l) are recessive. 50% of the fish are homozygous recessive, and 50% are homozygous dominant. What is the phenotype frequency of this population?

50% Long nails

In a Mendelian monohybrid cross of a pea plant with dominant tall (T) plants with a plant with recessive short (t) plants, how many offspring of 1000 plants in the F2 generation would you predict will be homozygous dominant?

250

In a Mendelian monohybrid cross of a pea plant with dominant tall (T) plants with a plant with recessive short (t) plants, how many offspring of 1000 plants in the F2 generation would you predict will be homozygous dominant?

250

Flower position is Mendelian. Axial flowers (A) are dominant to terminal flowers (a). In a monohybrid cross of a plant with axial flowers to a plant with terminal flowers, the F2 generation would have a phenotype ratio of

3 axial-flower plants : 1 terminal-flower plant

Plant height is Mendelian. Tall plants are dominant to short plants. In a monohybrid cross of a tall plant to a short plant, the F2 generation would have a phenotype ratio of

3 tall plants : 1 short plant

If plants are Mendelian and heterozygous for height, with tall (T) dominant to short (t), on average what ratio of gamete genotypes will they make?

50% T and 50% t

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. If yellow seed color (Y) is dominant to green seeds (y), what are the probabilities of possible genotype(s) of the gametes of a plant with yellow seeds that has the genotype Yy?

50% Yy, and 50% yy

Beetles are diploid. If you have a population of 1000 beetles that are all heterozygous for color, with dark dominant to light color, what is the allele frequency?

50% dark allele

Imagine a monohybrid cross studying stem length. The tall phenotype (T) is dominant; and the short phenotype (t) is recessive. You would predict that the plants in the F2 generation would be

50% heterozygous

If you have a population of humans with 15 homozygous dominant people, 25 heterozygous people, and 10 homozygous recessive people, what is the allele frequency for the dominant allele?

55%

You perform a monohybrid cross of plants with a gene for plant height with Mendelian inheritance. Tall (T) is dominant to short (t). In the F2 generation you would expect

75% tall plants

Mom has type AB blood and Dad also has type AB blood. What are the possible blood phenotypes of their children?

AB, A or B only

How much of the energy consumed passes to the next trophic level?

About 10% to 15% of the energy passes from primary producers to primary consumers, and up each level of consumer

Which of the following organisms does NOT cycle carbon back into the air as carbon dioxide?

All of the organisms listed do cycle carbon back into the air as carbon dioxide.

If a female has a genotype of Bb for the phenotype brown hair, her egg cells would have the genotype

B or b

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. Huntington's disease is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene. The mutated version of the huntingtin gene (H) is dominant, and the non-mutated version (h) is recessive. Which genotypes will have Huntington's disease?

HH and Hh only

There is an island with plants that have light green leaves. There also are light green insects that live on the leaves and birds that hunt the insects by looking for them on the island. There is a mutation in the plants so that they now have dark green leaves. The mutation makes the plants able to make more sugar from carbon dioxide by photosynthesis, so after a few generations most of the plants have dark green leaves. What would this most likely do to the population light green insects?

It would decrease the fitness of the light green insects, resulting in natural selection against them.

Which of the following is true in Lake Michigan?

Light and phosphorous are limiting factors for the growth of the benthic algae, Cladophora.

Which of the following is least likely to be an advantage of genetically modifying food?

adding vectors to plants

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. Purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p). The genotype of a true-breeding purple-flowered plant is _____, and the genotype of a true-breeding white-flowered plant is _____.

PP, pp

Which measurement would you make if you wanted to know how deep light penetrated in a lake?

The Secchi disk depth reading

When there is genetic drift due to a founder effect or a bottleneck effect, a common result is

a decrease in the diversity of alleles in the population.

Of the following, gene therapy would most likely to be successful in treating

a disease caused by a single known mutation in one gene

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. If T is for the dominant tall-plant trait and t is for the recessive short-plant trait, then which of the following would be the possible genotype(s) of tall plants?

Tt or TT

Which of the following would support the hypothesis that phytoplankton block the light from getting to benthic algae?

When phytoplankton are eaten by fish there are more benthic algae in the lake.

When 85% of a population of worms on the ground are randomly killed by a boulder falling on them, and the remaining 15% keep breeding and maintain the population, it is an example of

a bottleneck effect

Blood type can be type A, type B, type O or type AB. Blood type is determined by the alleles i, IA and IB. This is an example of

a character that has a codominance and multiple alleles

A population of turkeys starts with 10,000 birds, and a frequency of the short-feather allele of 10%. One day a random 100 turkeys run off to another set of woods and do not breed with the original population any more. The new population that originated with the 100 turkeys that ran off has a short-feather allele frequency of 75%. This is an example of

a founder effect

When a random 5% of a population of salamanders floats on a log to a new island that did not have any salamanders, and starts a new population, it is an example of

a founder effect

Mutations in the gene that codes for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase cause the human disease phenylketonuria. The symptoms include mental retardation, reduced hair pigmentation, reduced skin pigmentation, abnormal gait and abnormal posture. This is an example of

a pleiotropic trait

Which type of disease would be a bad target for gene therapy?

a polygenic disease, a single-gene disease of cells that are divine and can be isolated

All of the individual organisms of one species that interact in a region, but not the abiotic factors in their environment is

a population

in genetic engineering

a vector carries a new or modified gene from one organism into another.

A secondary consumer can gain ______ of the energy in the producers in a food chain.

about 1%

Compared to a secondary consumer, a primary consumer in the same food chain can gain

about ten times more of the energy of the producers.

Imagine a monohybrid cross studying stem length. The tall phenotype (T) is dominant; and the short phenotype (t) is recessive. The genotype ratio of the plants of the F1 generation would be

all Tt

You perform a monohybrid cross of plants with a gene for plant height with Mendelian inheritance. Tall (T) is dominant to short (t). In the F1 generation you would expect

all Tt plans

Assume Mendelian inheritance for this question. You perform a monohybrid cross of a plant with green-pod phenotype to a plant with the yellow-pod phenotype. Green pods (G) are dominant, and yellow pods (g) are recessive. In the F1 generation

all of the plants will be heterzygous

Assume Mendelian inheritance for this question. If you cross a tall plant with homozygous dominant genotype TT to a short plant with homozygous recessive genotype tt, the offspring of that cross would have the phenotype ratio of

all tall

In natural selection

alleles that confer (give) more fitness increase in frequency in a population.

Which of the following is always a dominant allele?

an allele that determines the phenotype, even if there is only one copy, not two

On average, in a Mendelian monohybrid cross the F2 generation has plants that

are 75% dominant phenotype and 25% recessive phenotype

Under the morphological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that

are physically similar

A chicken breeder selects chickens with the reddest feathers from her flock and breeds them to each other. She does this for many generations, always picking the chickens with the reddest feathers. This is an example of

artificial selection

The fact that there are many ways that traits are inherited and show up in phenotypes that do not exactly follow the principles described by Mendel is evidence that

as we continue to use the scientific method we refine our hypotheses

Why do we have many definitions of species?

because we have different questions and different data in various situations

Which of the following would increase Cladophora growth along the shores of the Great Lakes?

increasing the amount of phosphorous near the Cladophora

A plant with red flowers is crossed to a plant with white flowers. The F1 generation is all pink and the F2 generation has plants with that are 1 red-flower plant : 2 pink-flower plants : 1 white-flower plant. This is an example of

incomplete dominance

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. Green pod color (G) is dominant to yellow pods (g). If a gg plant is crossed to a GG plant in the parental generation, the F1 plants will have a _____ phenotype, and a _____ genotype

green pod, Gg

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. Green pod color (G) is dominant to yellow pods (g). If a gg plant is crossed to a GG plant in the parental generation, the F1 plants will have a ____________ phenotype, and a ______ genotype.

green pod, Gg

When two individuals live in the same general area, but not the same ecological niche, then it is an example of

habitat isolation, which is a prezygotic reproductive barrier.

Consider a Mendelian characteristic of flower color, with purple (P) and white (p) traits. If a plant is heterozygous for flower color, then you would expect the gametes from that plant to be

half P and half p

In Labrador retriever dogs, black coat (B) is dominant to a chocolate coat (b), and coat color is inherited in a Mendelian pattern. You have a black lab dog and want to know if it is heterozygous or homozygous. You breed your black lab with a chocolate lab to find out. Which result below is consistent with your black lab being heterozygous?

half of the puppies are black

Genetic engineering

has potential risks to health, like pharmaceutical treatments.

genetic engineering

has potential risks to health, like pharmaceutical treatments.

Individuals with more fitness

have more viable, fertile offspring in the next generation

Assume dog coat color is Mendelian. If a dog has a Bb genotype for coat color and a brown coat, and another dog has a bb genotype for coat color and a black coat, how would you describe the Bb genotype?

heterozygous

Which of the following is least likely to be a problem of traditional agriculture?

increased biodiversity

Fertilizer usually contains

nitrate, phosphate and potassium.

Not all phenotypes are inherited in a Mendelian fashion. For example, many genes affect human skin color. The fact that human skin color is determined by many genes is an example of

polygenic inheritance

A subset of a population with a unique allele survives better than the rest of the population and contributes more of that allele to the next generation. In other words, the frequency of the unique allele increases in the next generation due to natural selection. Compared to individuals without this allele, individuals with this allele have

more fitness

The average net productivity of open ocean and of desert and semidesert scrub are roughly equal to each other and are each about 100 g/m2/yr. The Earth has more open ocean than it has desert and semidesert scrub. From this information you would predict that

more of the Earth's net primary production is from open ocean, than from desert and semidesert scrub.

The average net productivity of open ocean and of tundra are roughly equal to each other and are each about 150 g/m2/yr. The Earth has more open ocean than it has tundra. From this information you would predict that

more of the Earth's net primary production is from open ocean, than from tundra

If you claim two birds are the same species based on the similar appearance of their feather color, wing shape and foot color, you are using the _____________ definition of a species.

morphological

If you claim two rodents are the same species based on the similar appearance of their fur, tail anatomy and nose shape you are using the _____ definition of a species.

morphological

Which of the following is NOT a way that humans have changed allele frequencies to meet our own needs?

natural selection

Which of the following is a mechanism of adaptive evolution (changes in allele frequencies that make a population more fit for its environment)?

natural selection

Which of the following is a mechanism of adaptive evolution, where the alleles of the fittest individuals will become more frequent in subsequent generations?

natural selection

Which of the following would be evidence against Mendel's principle of independent assortment? P is the allele for purple flowers, which is dominant to the p allele for white flowers. T is the allele for tall plants, which is dominant to the t allele for short plants. In the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross, which was PPTT crossed to pptt in the P generation, evidence against the principle would be

only tall plants with purpose flowers and short plants with white flowers

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. If T is for the dominant tall-plant trait and t is for the recessive short-plant trait, then which of the following would be the possible genotype(s) of short plants?

only tt

Blood type shows co-dominance, and has multiple alleles, i, IA and IB. A mother with blood genotype ii and a father with blood genotype iIA have children. What are the possible blood phenotypes of the children?

only type O or type A

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. If Y is for the dominant yellow-pea trait and y is for the recessive green-pea trait, then which of the following would be the possible genotype(s) of green-pea plants?

only yy

A disadvantage of genetically modified organisms is

people are afraid to eat them.

If you were determining whether two samples of DNA came from individuals of the same or different species and looked at the variation in nucleotides to estimate the most recent common ancestor, you would be using the ____________ definition of a species.

phylogenetic

If you were determining whether two samples of DNA came from individuals of the same or different species and looked at the variation in nucleotides to estimate the most recent common ancestor, you would be using the _____ definition of a species.

phylogenic

If many characteristics are affected by one gene, the gene is

pleiotropic

Mutations in the gene that codes for the enzyme tyrosinase cause albinism. The symptoms include absence of pigmentation in the skin, hair and eyes; abnormal visual neurons; irregular-shaped corneas; and some cancers. This is an example of

pleiotropic trait

Eye color is determined by many genes. This aspect of eye color is an example of

polygenic inheritance

In addition to being affected by the environment, skin color is not Mendelian because it is determined by many genes. Traits that are determined by many genes are examples of

polygenic inheritance

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. Purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p). The genotype of a true-breeding white-flowered plant is ___________, and the genotype of a true-breeding purple-flowered plant is ____________.

pp, PP

A hawk eats mice that eat seeds from plants. In this example, the mice are

primary consumers

If beetles eat plants, birds eat beetles, and bobcats eat the birds, then the beetles are

primary consumers

The __________ photosynthesis are the _____________ of cellular respiration.

products of, reactants

Invasive mussels, like Zebra mussels and Quagga mussels, have

redistributed phosphorous in Lake Michigan

Which of the following is NOT a potential advantage of genetically modifying our food supply?

reduction in biodiversity due to one very successful type of crop

Which of the following is the biggest concern in regards to genetically modifying our food supply?

reduction in biodiversity due to one very successful type of crop

If beetles eat plants, birds eat beetles, and bobcats eat the birds, then the birds are

secondary consumers

In one ecosystem, leaf hoppers eat the alfalfa plants, frogs eat the leaf hoppers, and snakes eat the frogs. In this ecosystem, the frogs are

secondary consumers

Consider the carbon cycle and the role of primary producers, primary and secondary consumers and decomposers. Which of these organisms cycle fixed carbon back into carbon dioxide?

the producers, consumers and decomposers

If a characteristic is Mendelian, and the round pea trait is dominant to wrinkled peas, you would expect

self-crossed heterozygous plants with round peas to have some progeny with wrinkled peas.

Overuse of ground water is most likely to cause

sinkholes above the area where water was removed.

Which of the following would be most likely to reduce the incidence of methicillin-resistant bacteria?

stopping the use of methicillin

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

sunlight energy enters, is converted to chemical energy and is released as heat

When you are considering the contribution of a type of ecosystem to primary production you need to know

the average net primary productivity (g/m2/yr) and the size of that ecosystem.

The alleles that Mendel was studying assorted independently because

the genes he was studying were on different chromosomes

Consider the carbon cycle and the role of primary producers, primary and secondary consumers and decomposers. Which of these organisms convert fixed carbon in organic molecules back into carbon dioxide?

the producers, consumers, and decomposers

Assume Mendelian traits are being considered in this question. Assume small size is a trait that allows mice to hide from owls that hunt them visually, and large size makes it hard for mice to hide. If a large population of these mice lives without owls for many generations, then owls move into the area, it is most likely that when owls move into the community

the small-size allele frequency and small-size phenotype frequency will increase

Assume Mendelian traits are being considered in this question. Assume small size is a trait that allows mice to hide from snakes, and large size makes it hard for mice to hide. If a large population of these mice lives without snakes for many generations, then snakes move into the area, it is most likely that when snakes move into the community

the small-size allele frequency and small-size phenotype frequency will increase.

Assume Mendelian traits are being considered in this question. Small size is a trait that allows insects to hide from predators, and large size makes it hard for them to hide. If a large population of these insects lives without predators for many generations, then predators move into the area, it is most likely that wthe small-size allele frequency and small-size phenotype frequency will increase.hen predators move into the community

the small-size allele frequency and small-size phenotype frequency will increase.

(Pick the answer that is always true.) In a Mendelian monohybrid cross of two pea plants,

the two plants of the parental generation P are both homozygous for all seven characteristics

(Pick the answer that is always true.) In a Mendelian monohybrid cross of two pea plants,

the two plants of the parental generation P are both true-breeding for all seven characteristics

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. You have a population of 280 beetles with red color dominant to black color. 20% of the alleles are red and 80% are black. Which one of the following is true?

there will be more black beetles than red beetles

Red flowers show incomplete dominance. If you cross a P generation of plants with red flowers (RR) and white flowers (rr), what would you predict about the phenotype and genotype of the F2 generation?

they would be the same; both would be 1:2:1

Which of the following is an example of temporal isolation?

two lightning bugs that are ready to mate at different times of day

Mom has type A blood. She has two children with Dad. One child has type AB blood and the other child has type O blood. What type of blood does Dad have?

type B

A child has one parent with type AB blood and the other parent with type A blood. The child cannot have

type O blood

For this question assume that there is one gene that determines fin width in fish. Which of the following would be the best strategy if you wanted to generate a population of fish with extremely wide fins from a population that had a wide variety of fin widths?

use a artificial selection by breeding the fish with the widest fins generation after generation

Artificial selection, agriculture, selective breeding and genetic engineering are all

ways that humans have changed allele frequencies to meet our own needs.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria increase in frequency

when antibiotics kill many of the competing bacteria without killing the resistant bacteria.

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. A genetically dominant allele

will determine the phenotype if there is at least one copy of that allele present

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. A recessive allele

will determine the phenotype only if it is present in both copies of the gene

If a male has a genotype of Bb for the phenotype brown hair, one of his sperm cells

would have a 50% chance of having the B allele

Assume Mendelian genetics for this question. Yellow seed color (Y) is dominant to green seeds (y). If a YY plant is crossed to a yy plant in the parental generation, the F1 plants will have a _____ phenotype, and a _____ genotype.

yellow seed, Yy