Biology 108 Final Unit 1 compilation practice questions

Vinegar is a solution of dilute acetic acid with a pH of -2.5. Wine typically has a pH of 3.5. Based on this information, complete the following sentence. Wine is __________ times _______ acidic than vinegar

1. 3 2. less

1. In a pathway that synthesizes large molecules from small compounds, one would expect many of the enzymes in the pathway to use _______ reactions A. condensation/dehydration B. hydrolysis 2. In joining 5 monomers of a large molecule, these reactions would ________ molecules of water. A. release 4 B. release 5 C. use 5 D. use 4

1. A. condensation/dehydration 2. A. release 4

Identify the functional group to the description of its composition. 1. A phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. 2. A carbon double-bonded to an oxygen atom, present in aldehydes and ketones.

1. phosphate 2. carbonyl

With the electron transport chain in the mitochondria or chloroplasts, ATP is synthesized using the diffusion of H+ through a membrane protein. What type of transport process do you expect is needed to generate the high H+ ion concentration across the membrane required for ATP synthesis? A. Active transport because the H+ are transported from low to high concentration across the membrane. B. Diffusion because H+ are very small and can slip across the membrane. C. Facilitated diffusion because the H+ are large molecules that need to be transported from low to high concentration across the membrane. D. Facilitated diffusion because H+ are large molecules that need to be transported from high to low concentration across the membrane. E. Active transport because the H+ are transported from high to low concentration across the membrane.

A. Active transport because the H+ are transported from low to high concentration across the membrane.

Which of the following would not pass readily through a lipid bilayer? A. water, glucose, and sodium ions B. sodium ions C. water D. glucose E. vitamin E, a lipid-soluble vitamin

A. water, glucose, and sodium ions

The molecule shown is the amino acid, tyrosine. There are three different functional groups, list them separately in the three text boxes provided.

Amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl

Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of lysosomes? A. a cell that is enlarging its vacuole B. a cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix C. a cell that is digesting food particles D. a cell that is producing cytoplasmic proteins E. a cell that is secreting protiens

C. a cell that is digesting food particles

If a sample of RNA is treated with RNase, an enzyme that degrades RNA, what monomeric units would you expect to find increasing over time?

nucleotides

A common scale to report the acidity or basicity of a solution is the ___________.

pH

You are asked to chemically analyze two samples. You are told that one is starch, the other is glycogen. You are asked to identify whether the source of the sample is a plant or an animal. 1. What are the monomers in glycogen? A. glucose B. fatty acids C. sucrose D. amino acids E. nucleotides 2. What are the monomers in starch? A. amino acids B. nucleotides C. glucose D. sucrose E. fatty acids 3. You determine that one of the samples has a linear, unbranched polymeric chain. Is this sample starch or glycogen? A. glycogen B. starch 4. Which of the samples, starch or glycogen, is obtained from a plant? A. starch B. glycogen

1. A. glucose 2. C. glucose 3. B. starch 4. A. starch

A red blood cell has been placed into three different solutions. One solution is isotonic to the cell, one solution is hypertonic to the cell, and one solution is hyotonic to the cell. 1. A. the solution is hypotonic to the cell B. the solution is hypertonic to the cell C. the solution is isotonic to the cell 2. A. the solution is hypertonic to the cell B. the solution is isotonic to the cell C. the solution is hypertonic to the cell 3. A. the solution is hypotonic to the cell B. the solution is isotonic to the cell C. the solution is hypertonic to the cell

1. A. the solution is hypotonic to the cell 2. B. the solution isotonic to the cell 3. C. the solution is hypertonic to the cell

Consider the scenarios below and indicate whether the described molecules are hydrophilic or hydrophobic. 1. A molecule containing numerous polar covalent bonds. A. hydrophobic B. hydrophilic 2. Molecules that are soluble in water A. hydrophilic B. hydrophobic 3. The primary molecules in oils A. hydrophilic B. hydropphobic

1. B. hydrophilic 2. A. hydrophilic 3. B. hydrophobic

Consider the molecules below and indicate whether they are hydrophilic or hydrophobic. A. hydrophobic B. hydrophilic 1. Picture 2. The amino acid, as defined by the highlighted region in pink 3. Picture

1. B. hydrophilic 2. hydrophobic 3. hydrophobic

1. What is the organelle shown here? A. chloroplast B. mitochondria C. Gogli complex D. lysosome 2. What is the primary function of this organelle? A. degradtion of molecules B. processing of secretory C. proteins/vesicles D. ATP synthesis E. sugar synthesis F. sugar degradation G. protein synthesis

1. C. Golgi complex 2. B. processing of secretory proteins/vesicles

Strong acids will sometimes break bonds between monomers in polymeric molecules. If each of the polymers below were treated with strong acid, what monomers would be released? 1. Cellulose A. nucleotides B. amino acids C. fatty acids D. glucose 2. Insulin A. amino acids B. glucose C. nucleotides D fatty acids 3. DNA A. glucose B. fatty acids C. amino acids D. nucleotides

1. D. glucose 2. A. amino acids 3. D. nucleotides

Much of the diversity of macromolecules found in living organisms is due to the polymeric nature of these molecules, which are composed of a limited number of unique monomers. For each monomer listed, identify the polymer it can be a part of. 1. Glucose A. proteins B. fatty acids C. DNA or RNA D. polysaccharides 2. Nucleotides A. polysaccharides B. DNA or RNA C. proteins D. fatty acids 3. Amino acids A. proteins B. DNA or RNA C. polysaccharides D. fatty acids

1. D. polysaccharides 2. B. DNA or RNA 3. A. proteins

A plant cell has been placed into three different solutions. One solution is isotonic to the cell, one solution is hypotonic to the cell, and one solution is hypertonic to the cell. Match the image to the description of the cell and solution. 1. The solution in the beaker is hypotonic to the cell 2. The solution in the beaker is isotonic to the cell 3. The solution in the beaker is hypertonic to the cell

1. H2O entering the cell 2. H2O entering the cell and H2O leaving the cell 3. H2O leaving the cell

Monomers in DNA/RNA are linked by ____________ bonds, while monomers in proteins are linked by _________ bonds.

1. Phosphodiester 2. peptide

Why do drastic changes in the temperature or pH alter enzyme activity? Indicate whether each of the proposed explanations is true or false. 1. They change the three-dimensional shape of the enzyme 2. They disrupt hydrophobic interactions in the enzyme. 3. They disrupt hydrogen and ionic bonds in the enzyme 4. They break the bonds between the monomers in the enzymes

1. True 2. True 3. True 4. False

A bond interaction between a water molecule and an ammonia molecule is _______________ bond while a bond interaction between Na+ and Cl- is _____________.

1. a hydrogen 2. ionic

_______ are monomers covalently linked by ________ bonds to form proteins.

1. amino acids 2. peptide

Classify each statement as an example of adhesion, cohesion, or surface tension. 1. A drop of water spilled on a table forms a drop on the table, rather than spreading out over the surface. 2. Water molecules are attracted to each other. 3. A sewing needle floats when it is placed gently on top of water in a bowl. 4. Water molecules cling to plant cell walls.

1. cohesion 2. cohesion 3. surface tension 4. adhesion

Consider the image of two different types of reactions involving polymers, then indicate which of the statements below is true or false. 1. A hydrolysis reaction is illustrated in the left image. 2. Condensation/dehydration reactions covalently attach new monomers to a polymer chain. 3. Hydrolysis reactions are often used to break down molecules. 4. Condensation/dehydration reactions release energy that can be used by the cell. 5. A condensation/dehydration releases a water molecule when a covalent bond is broken.

1. false 2. true 3. false 4. false 5. false

Consider this diagram of an integral membrane protein. Select the region, labeled A-C, you expect to most likely find each amino acid listed below. 1. Region 1: A. hydrophilic B. hydrophobic 2. Region 2: A. hydrophilic B. hydrophobic 3. Region 3: A. hydrophobic B. hydrophilic

1. hydrophilic 2. hydrophobic 3. hydrophilic

This is a ball-and-stick representation of a fuctional group attached to a carbon atom. CPK coloring of atoms is used; grey is carbon, white is hydrogen, and red is oxygen. Select the best matches below. 1. The functional group is a ______. 2. The charge on the hydrogen bonded to the oxygen is _____ 3. The charge on the oxygen atom is ______.

1. hydroxyl 2. a partial positive charge 3. a partial negative charge

Select the best match to describe active transport. 1. The net movement of solutes is from ______ concentration 2. to _______ concentration. 3. This transport process __________ require energy.

1. low 2. high 3. does

Some integral membrane proteins are modified by having carbohydrates attached to the part of the protein that is not embedded in the lipid bilayer. 1. Based on your knowledge of membrane structure and organelle function, what organelle is primairily responsible for the carbohydrate modification described? 2. On what side of the plasma membrane will the carbohydrate modified protein be found? A. the external face of the plasma membrane B. in the middle of the plasma membrane C. the internal face of the plasma membrane

1. ribosome 2. A. the external face of the plasma membrane

Identify the functional group to the description of its components 1. A sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom 2. A phosphate atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

1. sulfuhydryl 2. phosphate

Classify each statement as an example of adhesion, cohesion, or surface tension 1. A water strider runs across a pond without breaking the surface 2. A drop of water spilled on a table forms a drop on the table, rather than spreading out over the surface 3. When a paper towel is used to wipe up spilled water, the water is wicked up into the towel, away from the surface it was laying on. 4. When it rains, water falls in droplets and not individual molecules

1. surface tension 2. cohesion 3. adhesion 4. cohesion

One difference in lipids is due to saturation in the acyl chains of fatty acids. Oleic acid is a fatty acid with one double bond. The lipid with a cis-arrangement around the double bond is a liquid at room temperature; whereas, the trans arrangement around the double bond is solid at room temperature. Complete the best match based on this information. 1. When incorporated into phospholipids and cellular membranes, it decreases the fluidity of the membrane. 2. Are geometric isomers. 3. At room temperature the acyl chains pack more loosely together.

1. trans-form of oleic acid 2. cis-and trans- form of oleic acid 3. ci- form of oleic acid

One difference in lipids is due to saturation in the acyl chains of fatty acids. Oleic acid is a fatty acid with one double bond. The lipid with a cis-arrangement around the double bond is a liquid at room temperature; whereas the trans arrangement around the double bond is solid at room temperature. 1. When incorporated into phospholipids and cellular membranes, it decreases the fluidity of the membrane. 2. Are geometric isomers 3. At room temperature, the acyl chains pack more loosely together

1. trans-form of oleic acid 2. cis-and trans- form of oleic acid 3. cis- from of oleic acid

If a molecule diffuses through a membrane with the aid of a membrane protein, it moves ________ its concentration gradient __________ added energy.

1. with 2. without

How many electrons does carbon have in its valence shell? A. 5 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3 E. 6

C. 4

When limp celery stalks are placed in a bowl of tap water, the stalks become firm within hours. Identify the statement that best describes why this happens. A. Limp celery cells are hypertonic to tap water and water enters the cells. B. Limp celery cells are hypotonic to tap water and water enters the cells. C. Limp celery cells are hypertonic to tap water and water exits the cells. D. Limp celery cells are hypotonic to tap water and water exits the cells. E. Limp celery cells are isotonic to tap water and water enters the cell.

A. Limp celery cells are hypertonic to tap water and water enters the cells.

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from ____________. A. a plant or an animal B. an animal, but not a plant C. a plant, but not an animal D. a bacterium E. any kind of organism

A. a plant or an animal

Which of the following increases membrane fluidity at cool/ temperatures? A. an abundance of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids. B. an abundance of saturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids C. high cholesterol levels D. an abundance of cholestrol and saturated fatty acids in membrane phosholipids

A. an abundance of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids

The difference between active transport is that passive transport ________ energy for the transport. A. does not require B. occasionally requires C. does require

A. does not require

The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals ____. A. enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops B. prevents proteins from embedding in the lipid bilayer. C. increases membrane fluidity at warm temperatures D. has no effect on membrane fluidity

A. enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops

If this cell is permeable to water, glucose, and fructose, but impermeable to sucrose, which of these solutes will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell? A. fructose B. glucose C. glucose and fructose D. sucrose and fructose E. sucrose

A. fructose

To generate a solution that is hypertonic to a cell, you would need to make sure the solute concentration of the solution is ________ the solute concentration in the cell. A. greater than B. less than C. equal to

A. greater than

Why does ice float in liquid water? A. Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the water molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water B. The liquid water molecules have more kinetic energy and thus support the ice C. Ice always has air bubbles that keep it afloat D. The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water E. The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from sinking

A. hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the water molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water

The protein and carbohydrate composition on the interior and exterior sides of a plasma membrane are asymmetric. One reason for this is that ___________. A. membrane proteins modified inside of the Golgi end up on the outside of plasma membranes B. membrane proteins modified inside of the Golgi end up on the inside of plasma membrane C. membrane proteins modified inside of lysosomes end up on the inside of plasma membranes D. membrane proteins modified inside of lysosomes end up on the outside of plasma membranes

A. membrane proteins modified inside of the Golgi end up on the outside of plasma membranes

Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include A. mitochondria and chloroplasts B. mitochondria C. ribosomes D. ribosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts E. chloroplasts

A. mitochondria and chloroplasts

Which of these would be most prevalent in a vegetable fat, such as corn oil, when compared to an aminal fat, such as butter? A. molecule B B. molecule A

A. molecule B

An upper limit to the size of a cell is primarily as a result of _____________. A. needing a high surface-to-volume ratio B. it's age C. its function D. limited resources E. how many mitochondria and/or chloroplasts are in the cell

A. needing a high surface-to-volume ratio

According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, the mosaic part of the membrane is mostly _________. A. proteins B. nucleic acids C. phospholipids D. carbohydrates E. cholesterol

A. proteins

An example of a hydrogen bond is the bond between _________. A. the H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule B. Mg+ and Cl- in MgCl2 C. C and H in methane (CH4) D. the two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of hydrogen gas (H2) E. Na+ and Cl- in salt

A. the H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule

An example of a hydrogen bond is the bond between __________. A. the H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule B. C and H in methane (CH4) C. Mg+ and Cl- in MgCl2 D. Na+ and Cl- in salt E. the two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of hydrogen gas (H2)

A. the H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule

You are presented with a sample of an enzyme of unknown function. An enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction. You test the enzyme in three solutions described below. You measure the average number of monomers present in the polymers in each sample before, and one hour after, adding the enzyme to each solution. Which of the following is a potential explanation for these observations? A. The enzyme hydrolyzes peptide bonds in proteins. B. The enzyme hydrolyzes glycosidic and phosphodiester bonds. C. The enzyme joins monomers of nucleotides to synthesize DNA. D. The enzyme joins monomers of amino acids to synthesize a protein.

A. the enzyme hydrolyzes peptide bonds in proteins

Cells have a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. All of the following are part of the cytoskeleton except ______. A. the nuclear envelope B. microfilaments C. intermediate filaments D. microtubules E. None, all of the above are part of the cytoskeleton.

A. the nuclear envelope

What property of water best explains why water striders (insects that are able to walk on the surface of water) can stand and walk on water? A. Water has a high surface tension. B. Water has high cohesion. C. Water has high levels of evaporative cooling. D. Water has a high specific heat capacity. E. Liquid water is more dense then solid water.

A. water has a high surface tension

A general term for membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells that have a specialized function is __________________. A. a nucleus B. an organelle C. a cell wall D. a nucleoid

B. an organelle

Which of the following statements is correct about the atoms in ammonia (NH3) shown here? A. each hydrogen atom has a slight negative charge B. each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge C. there are covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms D. the nitrogen atoms has a partial positive charge E. the nitrogen atom has a full positive charge

B. each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge

If two solutions have different solute concentrations, the solution with greater solute concentration is ______________ to the other solution. A. isotonic B. hypertonic C. hypotonic

B. hypertonic

Where would you find a nucleus? A. In a prokaryotic cell. B. In a eukaryotic cell. C. In a eukaryotic cell, in the nucleolus. D. In a prokaryotic cell, in the nucleiod. E. In a eukaryotic cell, in the nucleiod.

B. in a eukaryotic cell

The -R group or side chain of the amino acid threonine is -CH2-CH2-OH. The -R group or side chain of the amino acid leucine is -CH2-CH3(CH3)2. Where would you expect to most likely find these amino acids in globular protein in aqueous solution? A. threonine and leucine would be equally likely in the interior and on the exterior of the globular protein B. leucine would be the interior, and threonine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. C. threonine and leucine would equally be likely on the exterior of the globular protein D. threonine and leucine would be equally likely in the interior of the globular protein E. threonine would be in the interio, and leucine would be on te exterior of the globular protein

B. leucine would be in the interior, the threonine would be on the exterior of the globular protein

The Golgi apparatus is involved in ____________. A. synthesizing cytoplasmic proteins B. modifying, packaging, and transporting proteins that are to be released from the cell C. photosynthesis D. degradation of proteins E. cellular respiration

B. modifying, packaging, and transporting proteins that are to be released from the cell

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A. glucose B. proteins C. lipids D. steroids E. starches

B. proteins

Evaluate these statements describing differences between plant and animal cells. Which of the descriptions does not accurately describe these differences. A. plant cells, but not animal cells, contain chloroplasts. B. plant cells, but not animal cells, contain a large central vacule C. animal cells, but not plant cells, contain mitochondria D. plant cells, but not animal cells, are surrounded by a cell wall E. none of the above, all the differences stated are true

C. animal cells, but not plant cells, contain mitochondria

Hydrophobic interactions A. are stronger than covalent bonds B. result in the crystalline nature of solid water (ice) C. can hold two nonpolar molecules together D. can hold two ions together E. are responsible for the surface tension of water

C. can hold two nonpolar molecules togther

Lactose, the primary sugar in milk, is transported by membrane proteins under conditions in which the concentration of lactose inside the cell is lower than the concentration outside the cell. What type of transport is used to move lactose into the cell? A. simple diffusion B. active transport C. faciliatd diffusion D. insufficient information to determine E. osmosis

C. facilitated diffusion

Each winter Lake Erie freezes. Diehard fisherman can cut holes in the ice and catch fish that are still alive under the frozen ice. What property of water explains these activities? A. high surface tension B. high cohesion C. low density in it's solid form D. high heat of vaporization E. high specific heat

C. low density in its solid form

Facilitated diffusion is a form of __________. A. active transport that allows molecules to diffuse through by means of oligosaccharides B. active transport that allows solute molecules to diffuse through by means of carrier proteins C. passive transport that allows solute molecules to diffuse through by means of carrier proteins D. passive transport that allows solute molecules to diffuse through by means of oligosaccharides

C. passive transport that allows solute molecules to diffuse through by means of carrier proteins

The major factor limiting cell size is the _____. A. the amount of water in the cytoplasm B. need for energy C. ratio of surface area to volume D. presence of membranous organelles E. composition of the plasma membrane

C. ratio of surface area to volume

When a plant cell, such as one from a daisy stem, is submerged is a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur? A. plasmolysis will shrink the interior B. the cell membrane will lyse. C. the cell will become turgid D. the cell will become flaccid E. the cell will burst

C. the cell become turgid

You are presented with a sample of an enzyme of unknown function. An enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction. You test the enzyme in three solutions described below. You measure the average number of monomers present in the polymers in each sample before, and one hour after, adding the enzyme to each solution. Which of the following is a potential explanation for these observations A. the enzyme creates glycosidic bonds to synthesize polysaccharides B. the enzyme hydrolyzes glycosidic and peptide bonds C. the enzyme hydrolyzes phosphodiester bonds in DNA D. the enzyme joins monomers of nucleotides to synthesize DNA

C. the enzyme hydrolyzes phosphodiester bonds in DNA

The sodium-potassium pump in animal cells transports Na ions that are in low concentration in the cell, to the exterior side of the cell. At the same time, K+ ions at low concentration on the outside the cell are transported into the cell. What type of transport process is this? A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. osmosis D. active transport

D. active transport

A network of fibers throughout the cytoplasm that provides mechanical and transport functions is referred to as the _________. A. extracellular matrix B. cytoplasm C. cell wall D. cytoskeleton E. cytosol

D. cytoskeleton

The interior of a prokaryotic cell is the A. endomembrane system B. nucleus C. cytoskelaton D. cytosol E. extracellular matrix

D. cytosol

Cells containing membrane-enclosed organelles are __________. A. prokaryotic B. animal and bacterial cells C. plant and bacterial cells D. eukaryotic

D. eukaryotic

If this cell is permeable to water, glucose, and fructose, but impermeable to sucrose, which of these solutes will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell? A. glucose and fructose B. fructose C. sucrose D. glucose E. sucrose and fructose

D. glucose

In this structure of a phospholipid, carbon atoms are light gray, oxygen atoms are red, phosphorous atoms are orange, and hydrogen atoms are white. The highlighted region A is _______ and when this molecule forms bilayers the highlighted region is _____ solvent. A. hydrophobic ................. exposed to B. hydrophobic ................. buried away C. hydrophilic ................... buried away from D. hydrophilic ................... exposed to

D. hydrophilic ................ exposed to

When considering the properties of an integral membrane protein, where would you expect to find hydrophobic amino acids? A. In internal regions of the protein, away from the protein surface. B. In a random manner throughout the protein. C. In regions surrounded by the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer. D. In regions surrounded by the head groups of the lipid bilayer.

D. in regions surrounded by the head groups of the lipid bilayer

The structural formula for fructose, a monosaccharide often found in fruits, is shown below. How can this sugar be classified? A. it is a pentose and aldose B. it is a pentose and ketose C. it is a septose and ketose D. it is a hexose and ketose E. it is a hexose and aldose

D. it is a hexose and ketose

In a research article printed in Medicine and Biology (2006) "The Electron-microscopic findings on the liver in chronic abuse of heroin", the authors found that the most prominent changes in cellular organelles was the enlargement and increased number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following statements most likely explains this observation? A. the smooth ER houses many hydroylitic enzymes to degrade molecules. B. the smooth ER packages vesicles needed for secretion to other cells damaged by high levels of toxic drugs C. the smooth ER functions in cellular respiration needed to provide increased energy needs due to drugs toxicity D. one of the functions of the smooth ER is detoxification E. the smooth ER synthesizes sugar molecules needed to provide for the increased energy needs due to drug use

D. one of the functions of the smooth ER is detoxification

What is the primary function of this organelle? A. sugar degradation B. ATP synthesis C. sugar synthesis D. synthesis of secreted proteins

D. synthesis of secreted proteins

When viewing two cells, one of which has a nucleus and the other has a nucleoid, what conclusion can be made? A. the cell with a nucleus is a bacteria cell, the cell with a nucleoid can be a plant or an animal cell B. the cell with a nucleus is a plant cell with a nucleoid is an animal cell C. the cell with a nucleus is an animal cell, the cell with a nucleoid is a plant cell D. the cell with a nucleus can be a plant or animal cell, the cell with a nucleoid is a bacteria cell.

D. the cell with a nucleus can be a plant or animal cell, the cell with a nucleoid is a bacteria cell.

The moon and Earth similar distances to the sun. Two-thirds of the Earth's surface is water, while water is not observed on the surface of the moon. Which of the following statements best explains the role of water in the difference in climate between moon and Earth? A. water has high cohesion, rocks have low cohesion and can form mountain ranges easily. B. the ice cap regions on Earth are cold and keep the temperature on Earth cooler. C. the hydrogen bonding properties of water are different in the presence of gravity, water doesn't form droplets on the moon. D. water has a higher specific heat than the rocks on the moon, water absorbs large quantities of heat without raising temperature E. water has a high heat of vaporization, as water evaporates, the surface that remains is cooler

D. water has a high specific heat than the rocks on the moon, water absorbs large quantities of heat without raising temperautre

Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly? A. starch B. K+ C. glucose D. an amino acid E. CO2

E. CO2

If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what would be the most likely result? A. The mitochondria and chloroplasts would divide. B. There would be no change in cell function. C. The DNA within mitochondria would break down. D. More proteins would be made. E. The macromolecules in the cytosol would begin to break down

E. The macromolecules in the cytosol would begin to break down

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except _____________. A. a plasma membrane B. DNA C. ribosomes D. a cell wall E. an endoplasmic reticulum

E. an endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is not a component of a nucleus? A. nucleolus B. nuclear envelope C. nuclear lamina D. nuclear pores E. cristae

E. cristae

Maltoporin is a protein in the outer membrane of some bacteria cells that forms narrow, hollow tubes for maltose to pass through the membrane. Maltose is a disaccharide. Maltose is transported down its concentration gradient. What type of transport process is described here? A. active transport, using a carrier-type transport protein B. active transport, using a channel-type transport protein C. facilitated diffusion, using a carrier-type transport protein D. simple diffusion E. facilitated diffusion, using a channel-type transport protein

E. facilitated diffusion, using a channel-type transport protein

Of the following, which is the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system? A. ER to chloroplast to mitochondria to the plasma membrane B. Golgi to lysosomes to ER to the plasma membrane C. the nuclear envelope to lysosomes to Golgi to the plasma membrane D. Golgi to the plasma membrane to the nuclear envelope to smooth ER E. Rough ER to vescicles to golgi to the plasma membrane

E. rough ER to vesicles to Golgi to the plasma membrane

What is the organelle shown here? A. mitochondrion B. lysosome C. chloroplast D. golgi complex E. rough endoplasmic reticulum

E. rough endoplasmic reticulum

Glucose, maltose, starch and cellulose are all examples of ______. A. Carbohydrates and proteins. B. Lipids C. Proteins D. Nucleic acids E. Proteins and lipids. F. Carbohydrates G. Nucleic acids and proteins. H. Carbohydrates and nucleic acids.

F. carbohydrates

The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of _____________.

Hydrogen ions

If a sampe of RNA is treated with RNase, an enzyme that degrades RNA, what monomeric units would you expect to find increasing over time?

Nucleotides

When a protein is unfolded, it is said to be _________.

denatured

The ___________ model describes the structure of a biological membrane as a phospholipid bilayer with proteins inserted throughout.

fluid mosaic