Biology 1107 unit 2
in cytokinesis the cell divides into ____
2
prokaryotic cell division results in __ identical daughter cells
2
Eukaryote cell has ______ DNA molecules
2+
active transport requires
ATP
in S
DNA is replicated
solute moves from low to high concentration; moves against gradient; moves in or out of cell
active transport
CDK's are ________ present in inactive form
always
both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
amphipathic
aneuploidy happens during ________ I or II
anaphase
absence or excess of 1 or more chromosome
aneuploidy
worlds smallest cell
bacterium
Prokaryotes divide by ______ fission
binary
Prokaryote division is
binary fission
Eukaryote organisms are
both unicellular and multicellular
located outside the cell wall; adheres cell to surfaces and other cells
capsule
binds substances and speeds up DIFFUSION
carrier protein
cyclins are key regulators in the _____________
cell cycle
occurs by necrosis or apoptosis
cell death
surrounds plasma membrane; supports the cell and determines its shape
cell wall
_______ evolved from a common ancestor
cells
in G1
cells don't divide
forms channel across membrane and substances can pass through channel
channel protein
volume determines the amount of __________ activity in the cell per unit time
chemical
involved in cell communication
cholesterol
direct transfer of genes from one individual to another
conjugation
maintains fluidity
cool temperature
membrane carbohydrates are _______ bonded to membrane lipids forming glycolipds
covalently
In prokaryotes, ribosomes are free in the
cytoplasm
network of fibers in cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
binds/sticks cells together providing mechanical stability
desmosomes
substance moves from high to low gradient concentration
diffusion
a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes
diploid
prokaryotes ________ have membrane enclosed cytoplasmic organelles
don't
prokaryotes _________ lack DNA
don't
eukaryote dna structure is
enclosed in nucleus
process or act of living within together
endosymbiosis
small molecules move through specific channel proteins or carrier proteins
facilitated diffusion
prokaryotes consists of nucleus and organelles
false
locomotion; propels the cell
flagella
produced by meiosis; sperm and egg
gametes
protein channels that connect cytoplasm's of adjacent cells
gap junctions
all the genetic material is arranged with proteins as chromosomes
genome
a cell that has a single set of chromosome
haploid
cells must maintain ________ surface area to volume ratio to function
high
high temperatures = __________ fluidity
high
cell would shrivel (lose water)
hypertonic
solution with a higher solute concentration
hypertonic
solution with a lower solute concentration
hypotonic
fructose Is
isotonic
solution of equal solute concentration
isotonic
surface area _______
limits
low temperatures = _________ fluidity
low
the digestive vesicles
lysomes
cell membranes are composed of
macromolecules
eukaryote has ____ organelles
many
abnormal numbers in the gametes
meiotic errors
___________ lipids make up a majority of membrane structure
membrane
ATP is produced in
mitochondria
ribosomes are inside of ____________ and __________
mitochondria and chloroplasts
eukaryote division is
mitosis
parent cell is
mitosis
eukaryotic cell division occurs by __________ and __________
mitosis and meiosis
passive transport requires
no energy
prokaryote has _____ organelles
none
in G2
nuclear division occurs during mitosis
In prokaryotes, DNA(chromosome) is found in the
nucleoid region
endo membrane system includes what 6
nucleus envelop, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, plasma membrane
prokaryote dna structure is
often circular; not membrane enclosed
passive movement of H2O across a selectively permeable membrane
osmosis
worlds largest egg
ostrich egg
Plasma membrane is the
outer surface
membrane carbohydrates are located
outside the plasma membrane
_________ proteins do not penetrate the bilayer
peripheral
Plasma membrane is made up of
phospholipid bilayer
_____________ form a bilayer
phospholipids
adheres cells to surface and each other
pili
closes everything off
plama membranę
the endosymbiosis theory proposes that mitochondria and ___________ arose when one cell eats another
plastids
many sets of chromosomes
polyploidy
____________ endosymbiosis is a eukaryote engulfed a Cyanobacteria
primary
ribosomes is the site of _________ synthesis
protein
sticks- positive (lacks outer membrane)
purple
negative bacteria (its present)
red
________ make protein
ribosomes
all cells have
ribosomes
____________ endosymbiosis is the uptake and retention of chloroplast cell by another eukaryotic cell
secondary
energy for transport supplied indirectly by ATP
secondary active transport
Plasma membrane is a _______ permeable barrier
selectively
molecules move through phospholipid bilayer
simple diffusion
larger the cell, _______ the surface area to volume
smaller
substance dissolved in a solution
solute
mixture of a solute and solvent
solution
water is a
solvent
cells of the body
somatic cells
stitch (seals) cells together
tight junctions
Prokaryotes organism are
unicellular
all prokaryotes are
unicellular
stores stuff and moves it around
vesicles
____________ increases more rapidly than surface area
volume
restrains movement of phospholipids
warm temperature
