Biology 1120 Final
Cellular slime molds feed as individual ______ cells
Amoeboid
Kelps are ____
Brown algae
____ contains a record of evolutionary change
DNA and Proteins
Who wrote "The Origin of Species"
Darwin
Which group of heterokonts contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells?
Diatoms
Members of which group are known to form blooms known as red tides?
Dinoflagellates
Most animals are _____
Diploid
The organizational levels of importance to biological diversity are arrayed in what hierarchy?
Ecosystem, Community, Guild, Species, Organism, Gene
What do glomeromycetes do?
Form arbuscular endomycorrhizae with plant roots
Hyphae are found on _____
Fungi
Animals are _____
Heterotrophs
A ______ is an obligate symbiotic association between a photosynthetic autotroph and a fungus
Lichen
What are stomata?
Little holes that allow gas exchange for photosynthesis and respiration
What do large female cones of a pine tree contain?
Megasporangia
Plasmodial slime molds feed as _____ plasmodia
Multi-nucleate
In a coenocytic cell, multiple ______ in a common cytoplasm control all cellular activities in a concerted effort
Nuclei
Which part of a flowering plant becomes the fruit?
Ovary
Amoebas move and obtain food by what means?
Pseudopodia
Why might seeds be reproductively superior to spores?
Seeds contain a young plant and also are protected by a seed coat
The ______ are specialized excavates that live in the guts of termites
Trichonymphs
What structural component do ferns possess that whiskferns do not?
True roots
Xylem and phloem make up the ____ of a plant
Vascular tissues
Krakatau is a(n)______ located midway in the Sunda Strait between Sumatra and Java.
an island the size of manhattan
Most protists are ____
aquatic
Animals that obtain energy from chemicals are known as ____
chemoheterotrophs
The main structural components of extracellular matrix of the animal cells is _____
collagen
in flowering plants, the ______ generation is dominant
diploid sporophyte
A strengthening compound found in cell walls of vascular plants is _______
lignin
the immature male gametophytes of pine are called ______
pollen grains
Fungi reproduce by _____
spores
In a diploid series, each individual possesses _____
two alleles of each locus
_____, an evolutionary modification that improves the chances of survival and reproduction success in a given environment
Adaptation
____ is a term applied to the spread of a species of common ancestry into different niches
Adaptive radiation
The most diverse and familiar groups of plants today are _____
Angiosperms
_____ dominate most terrestrial landscapes and exhibit great diversity in both vegetative and reproductive structures
Angiosperms
____ include mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts, and smuts
Basidiomycetes
Mosses and other ____ lack vascular tissues and do not form true roots, stems, or leaves
Bryophytes
Unicellular organism that forms lobe-like pseudopodia. When exposed to cAMP the aggregat into a slug like structure. What are they?
Cellular Slime Mold
True fungi produce cell walls containing the carbohydrate polymer ______
Chitin
How do ciliates move?
Cilia
A ____ is a gradual change in a species' phenotype and genotype frequencies for species with a continuous range over a large geographic area.
Cline
_____ is a mode of natural selection in which an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes
Directional Selection
______ is the accumulation of inherited changes within a population over time.
Evolution
The permanent loss of a species that occurs when the last members of a species dies is known as ______
Extinction
Allele and genotype frequencies in populations may be changed by ______
Gene flow, Genetic drift, Mutation, and Natural selection
The ______ is the set of all genes in any population. This proves to be the basic level at which evolution occurs
Gene pool
Features that are similar in underlying form in different species because of a common evolutionary origin, are called ______
Homologous
What regulatory gene group has been identified in all the bilateral animal groups?
Hox genes
______ is the variation that confers no detectable selective advantage
Natural Variation
Which part of a flowering plant eventually becomes the seed?
Ovule
Microorganisms that cause disease are called ____
Pathogens
The Irish potato famine was precipitated by an Oomycete in the genus ______
Phytophthora
What is the floating, microscopic organisms that are the base of aquatic food webs?
Plankton
In ______, individuals near the mean are favored over those with phenotypic extremes
Stabilizing selection
What causes Malaria?
The apicomplexan "Plasmodium falciparum"
The wings of butterflies and bats have similar functions, but are quite different in structure. Why?
They are homoplastic structures
Who wrote "Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection"
Wallace
In seed plants, the ______ conducts water upward from the roots to the leaves
Xylem
Endosymbiotic, photosynthetic dinoflagellates found in ceratin marine invertebrates?
Zooxanthellae
A fossil might not be ______
a whole living bacterium
According to the Hardy-Weinberg Principle, ______
allele frequencies are not dependent on dominance or recessiveness but remain essentially unchanged from generation to generation
Which of the seedless vascular plants most contributed to our present-day coal deposits?
club mosses
The waxy layer that covers aerial parts of plants is the ____
cuticle
After fertilization occurs in plants, the fertilized egg develops into a multicellular _____
embryo
Seed plants include _____
gymnosperms and angiosperms
The _____ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system
mesoderm
A grasshopper belongs in the ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to ______
molt
What does it mean to have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree.
monoecious
Mutualistic relationships between fungi and the roots of plants are called _____
mycorrhiza
Hyphae that contain two genetically distinct nuclei within each cell are dikaryotic are described as _____
n +n, 2n
Most animals have _____ and muscle systems that enable them to respond rapidly to stimuli
nervous systems
What are heterokonts?
organisms that have two different kinds of flagella
The major animal clades are
parazoa, radiata, lophotrochozoa, ecdysozoa, and dueterostomia
Related species have similar ______
patterns of embryological development, sequences of amino acids in their proteins, and sequences of nucleotides in their DNA
What is the outcome of conjugation in paramecium?
two new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before
The flagellated spores of chytrids and oomycetes are called ______
zoospores