Biology 1120 Final

Cellular slime molds feed as individual ______ cells

Amoeboid

Kelps are ____

Brown algae

____ contains a record of evolutionary change

DNA and Proteins

Who wrote "The Origin of Species"

Darwin

Which group of heterokonts contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells?

Diatoms

Members of which group are known to form blooms known as red tides?

Dinoflagellates

Most animals are _____

Diploid

The organizational levels of importance to biological diversity are arrayed in what hierarchy?

Ecosystem, Community, Guild, Species, Organism, Gene

What do glomeromycetes do?

Form arbuscular endomycorrhizae with plant roots

Hyphae are found on _____

Fungi

Animals are _____

Heterotrophs

A ______ is an obligate symbiotic association between a photosynthetic autotroph and a fungus

Lichen

What are stomata?

Little holes that allow gas exchange for photosynthesis and respiration

What do large female cones of a pine tree contain?

Megasporangia

Plasmodial slime molds feed as _____ plasmodia

Multi-nucleate

In a coenocytic cell, multiple ______ in a common cytoplasm control all cellular activities in a concerted effort

Nuclei

Which part of a flowering plant becomes the fruit?

Ovary

Amoebas move and obtain food by what means?

Pseudopodia

Why might seeds be reproductively superior to spores?

Seeds contain a young plant and also are protected by a seed coat

The ______ are specialized excavates that live in the guts of termites

Trichonymphs

What structural component do ferns possess that whiskferns do not?

True roots

Xylem and phloem make up the ____ of a plant

Vascular tissues

Krakatau is a(n)______ located midway in the Sunda Strait between Sumatra and Java.

an island the size of manhattan

Most protists are ____

aquatic

Animals that obtain energy from chemicals are known as ____

chemoheterotrophs

The main structural components of extracellular matrix of the animal cells is _____

collagen

in flowering plants, the ______ generation is dominant

diploid sporophyte

A strengthening compound found in cell walls of vascular plants is _______

lignin

the immature male gametophytes of pine are called ______

pollen grains

Fungi reproduce by _____

spores

In a diploid series, each individual possesses _____

two alleles of each locus

_____, an evolutionary modification that improves the chances of survival and reproduction success in a given environment

Adaptation

____ is a term applied to the spread of a species of common ancestry into different niches

Adaptive radiation

The most diverse and familiar groups of plants today are _____

Angiosperms

_____ dominate most terrestrial landscapes and exhibit great diversity in both vegetative and reproductive structures

Angiosperms

____ include mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts, and smuts

Basidiomycetes

Mosses and other ____ lack vascular tissues and do not form true roots, stems, or leaves

Bryophytes

Unicellular organism that forms lobe-like pseudopodia. When exposed to cAMP the aggregat into a slug like structure. What are they?

Cellular Slime Mold

True fungi produce cell walls containing the carbohydrate polymer ______

Chitin

How do ciliates move?

Cilia

A ____ is a gradual change in a species' phenotype and genotype frequencies for species with a continuous range over a large geographic area.

Cline

_____ is a mode of natural selection in which an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes

Directional Selection

______ is the accumulation of inherited changes within a population over time.

Evolution

The permanent loss of a species that occurs when the last members of a species dies is known as ______

Extinction

Allele and genotype frequencies in populations may be changed by ______

Gene flow, Genetic drift, Mutation, and Natural selection

The ______ is the set of all genes in any population. This proves to be the basic level at which evolution occurs

Gene pool

Features that are similar in underlying form in different species because of a common evolutionary origin, are called ______

Homologous

What regulatory gene group has been identified in all the bilateral animal groups?

Hox genes

______ is the variation that confers no detectable selective advantage

Natural Variation

Which part of a flowering plant eventually becomes the seed?

Ovule

Microorganisms that cause disease are called ____

Pathogens

The Irish potato famine was precipitated by an Oomycete in the genus ______

Phytophthora

What is the floating, microscopic organisms that are the base of aquatic food webs?

Plankton

In ______, individuals near the mean are favored over those with phenotypic extremes

Stabilizing selection

What causes Malaria?

The apicomplexan "Plasmodium falciparum"

The wings of butterflies and bats have similar functions, but are quite different in structure. Why?

They are homoplastic structures

Who wrote "Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection"

Wallace

In seed plants, the ______ conducts water upward from the roots to the leaves

Xylem

Endosymbiotic, photosynthetic dinoflagellates found in ceratin marine invertebrates?

Zooxanthellae

A fossil might not be ______

a whole living bacterium

According to the Hardy-Weinberg Principle, ______

allele frequencies are not dependent on dominance or recessiveness but remain essentially unchanged from generation to generation

Which of the seedless vascular plants most contributed to our present-day coal deposits?

club mosses

The waxy layer that covers aerial parts of plants is the ____

cuticle

After fertilization occurs in plants, the fertilized egg develops into a multicellular _____

embryo

Seed plants include _____

gymnosperms and angiosperms

The _____ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system

mesoderm

A grasshopper belongs in the ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to ______

molt

What does it mean to have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree.

monoecious

Mutualistic relationships between fungi and the roots of plants are called _____

mycorrhiza

Hyphae that contain two genetically distinct nuclei within each cell are dikaryotic are described as _____

n +n, 2n

Most animals have _____ and muscle systems that enable them to respond rapidly to stimuli

nervous systems

What are heterokonts?

organisms that have two different kinds of flagella

The major animal clades are

parazoa, radiata, lophotrochozoa, ecdysozoa, and dueterostomia

Related species have similar ______

patterns of embryological development, sequences of amino acids in their proteins, and sequences of nucleotides in their DNA

What is the outcome of conjugation in paramecium?

two new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before

The flagellated spores of chytrids and oomycetes are called ______

zoospores