biology 11.4
5 factors of evolution 1. genetic drift 2. gene flow 3. mutation 4. sexual selection 5. natural selection
1. in small populations, allele frequencies can change due to chance alone. 2. migration of individuals results in the movement of alleles among populations which changes allele frequencies 3. new alleles can form due to mutation, which changes allele frequencies 4. alleles associated with traits that increase mating success can increase the frequency 5. alleles associated with traits that increase survival and reproductive success can increase with frequency
fill in the missing information about the variables involved in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
11.4 answers
a population is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a trait if ___________ stay the same from generation to generation
allele frequencies
what variable constant, or in equilibrium, in the hardy-Weinberg model
allele frequencies
name 2 ways that population biologist can use Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
biologist can study the degree in which real populations are evolving and better understand the 5 factors that can lead to evolution
write the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
in what types of systems can the Hardy-Weinberg equation used to be
single gene traits in simple dominant recessive systems
What variables must be known in order to use the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium equation
the phenotype and allele frequencies; specifically the phenotype frequency of the recessive homozygotes from which the frequency of the recessive allele can be calculated
what can be concluded if real genetic data do not match the frequencies predicted by the equation
the population is not in H-W equilibrium for the trait, which means one or more of the conditions are not met, which means the population is evolving
name 5 conditions required for a population to be in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
very large population (genetic drift doesn't occur), no emigration or immigration, no mutations, random mating, no natural selection.