Biology 152
Which term describes an area of the heart conduction system where the impulse is delayed for 0.1 sec?
AV node
Indicate the valve separating the following areas of the heart: Left atrium and left ventricle.
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Which of the following factors gives the myocardium its high resistance to fatigue?
Large number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm
Into which chamber of the heart do the pulmonary veins deliver blood?
Left atrium
The left ventricle receives blood from the _______.
Left atrium
What is the 'destination' of the pulmonary veins?
Left atrium
Match the following term with its correct description: Atrial depolarization.
P wave
What muscles prevent the atrioventricular valves from everting during ventricular contraction?
Papillary muscles
Which of the following would lead to a decrease in heart rate?
Parasympathetic stimulation
Match the following term with its correct description: Aortic semilunar valve.
Prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle
Match the following term with its correct description: Pulmonary semilunar valve.
Prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle
Indicate the valve separating the following areas of the heart: Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: Right ventricle.
Pulmonary semilunar valve
The right ventricle sends blood into the _____________
Pulmonary trunk
The left atrium receives blood from which of the following structure(s)?
Pulmonary veins
Match the given term with its correct description: Ventricular depolarization.
QRS complex
Match the following term to its correct description: Diastole.
Relaxation
The right ventricle receives blood from which of the following structure(s)?
Right atrium
Identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the chambers of the heart.
Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle
Which of the following conditions would not increase the chances of developing varicose veins?
Running in place
Match the following term to its correct description: Posterior interventricular artery.
Runs to the apex of the heart
The normal pacemaker of the heart is the __________.
SA node
Which term describes an area of the heart conduction system with the fastest depolarizing pacemaker cells?
SA node
Choose the correct sequence of current flow through the intrinsic conduction system of the heart.
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, subendocardial conducting network
Match the following term to its correct description: Preload.
The degree to which cardiac muscle cells are stretched just before they contract
Which of the following structures lies on the outside surface of the heart and is an integral part of the heart wall?
The epicardium
Match the following term to its correct description: Cardiac cycle.
The events associated with blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat
Match the following abbreviation with its definition: HR
The frequency of heart beats
Which of the following statements is not true about the shape, position, and location of the heart?
The heart is enclosed in a double-layered sac called the pleural membrane.
What part of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump?
The left ventricle
Match the following structure with its description: Serous pericardium.
Thin, slippery, two-layered membrane
The second heart sound (the 'dup' of 'lub-dup') is caused by the __________.
closure of the semilunar valves
Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to the __________ and then it passes into the __________ to be pumped to the entire body.
left atrium; left ventricle
Guided by powerful signaling molecules, the human heart develops from __________.
mesoderm
Fluids would be likely to leave or filter out of the capillary if __________.
net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is greater than net osmotic pressure (OP)
Cardiac output is __________.
the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute
The absolute refractory period refers to the time during which __________.
the muscle cell is not in a position to respond to a stimulus of any strength
The right atrium receives blood from which of the following structure(s)?
Vena cavae
The __________ are attached to the AV valve flaps.
chordae tendineae
The lining of the heart chambers is called the __________.
endocardium
The trabeculae carneae are located in the __________.
ventricles
Which of the following is the best description of the events in the cardiac cycle?
All of the events during one heart beat
Match the following abbreviation with its definition: SV.
Amount of blood ejected by one contraction of the heart
Match the following abbreviation with its definition: ESV.
Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of contraction
Match the following abbreviation with its definition: EDV.
Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of relaxation
Match the following abbreviation with its definition: CO
Amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute
What is the purpose of the chordae tendineae?
Anchor the AV valves in the closed position
The coronary arteries receive blood from the _______.
Aorta
Indicate the valve separating the following areas of the heart: Left ventricle and aorta.
Aortic semilunar valve
Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: Left ventricle.
Aortic semilunar valve
Which of the following blood vessels do not contain intercellular clefts?
Arterioles
What makes the heart valves open and close?
Blood pressure
Match the following type of vessel with its structure: Veins.
Contain valves to assist blood flow back toward heart
Match the following term to its correct description: Systole.
Contraction
Which is the correct sequence of layers in the heart wall, starting with the outer layer?
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Match the following structure with its description: Endocardium.
Glistening white sheet of endothelium lining the inside of the heart
A doctor puts his stethoscope on a patient's chest over the location of the heart and hears a swishing sound. Which of the following conditions is the best diagnosis for the patient's condition?
Incompetent cardiac valve
Match the following structure with its description: Epicardium.
Inner layer of pericardium (called the visceral layer)
Which of the following is not a role of the pericardium?
It facilitates heart contraction.
Match the following structure with its description: Fibrous pericardium.
Loosely fitting superficial part of the sac enclosing the heart
Match the following structure with its description: Myocardium.
Middle layer of the heart, composed mainly of cardiac muscle
Failure of which heart valve would allow blood to move from the left ventricle to the left atrium?
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: Left atrium.
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Match the following type of vessel with its structure: Capillaries.
Smallest blood vessels with thin walls that allow exchange between blood and tissue cells
Match the following type of vessel with its structure: Venules.
Smallest vessels leading away from capillaries
Match the following term to its correct description: Anterior interventricular artery.
Supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles
Match the following term to its correct description: Right marginal artery.
Supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium
Which of the following phrases describes the circumflex artery?
Supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle
Match the following term with its correct description: Ventricular repolarization.
T wave
Which of the following regulates blood flow through most capillary beds?
Terminal arterioles
Which of the following valves is most often faulty in the heart?
The mitral, or bicuspid, valve
Match the following term to its correct description: Stroke volume.
The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle with each heartbeat
Indicate the valve separating the following areas of the heart: Right atrium and right ventricle.
Tricuspid valve
Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: Right atrium.
Tricuspid valve
Which of the following phrases describes pulmonary veins?
Two from each lung carry blood into the left atrium
Which of the following is a difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?
Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle has gap junctions between cells (that allow them to be autorhythmic).
Match the following term with its correct description: Mitral valve.
Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
Match the following term with its correct description: Tricuspid valve.
Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
The superior chambers of the heart are called the __________.
atria
The P wave of an electrocardiogram represents __________.
atrial depolarization
The ability of some cardiac muscle cells to initiate their own depolarization and cause depolarization of the rest of the heart is called __________.
automaticity
The only vessels that provide direct access to nearly every cell in the body are the __________.
capillaries
Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the __________.
capillaries and tissue cells
The vessels that exhibit the lowest level of permeability are the __________.
continuous capillaries
The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardium are called __________.
coronary arteries
The minute-to-minute blood flow through the capillary beds is determined by the __________.
diameter of arterioles
The cells of the myocardium behave as a single, coordinated unit called a __________.
functional syncytium
The interventricular septum forms a dividing wall between the __________.
left and right ventricles
The walls of the __________ are thicker than the walls of any other heart chamber.
left ventricle
During systemic circulation, blood leaves the __________.
left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta
When the mitral valve closes, it prevents the backflow of blood from the __________.
left ventricle into the left atrium
The inner lining of the fibrous pericardium is formed by the __________.
parietal layer of serous pericardium
The presence of __________ stabilizes the wall of capillaries.
pericytes
The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the __________.
right atrium
During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the __________.
right ventricle and moves to the lungs
The role of the atrioventricular node (AV node) is to __________.
slow down impulses so that the atria can contract to fill the adjacent ventricles with blood
The endocardium is composed of __________.
squamous epithelium
A condition in which the valve flaps of the heart become stiff and constrict the opening is called _________.
stenosis
The __________ nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the sinoatrial (SA) node.
vagus
Up to 65% of the body's blood supply is found in __________.
veins