BIOLOGY 171 CHAPTER 1

effector

________ is the structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus

coronal

a ______ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

responsiveness

a stimulus to the skin of the causes someone to withdraw their hand from the stimulus to prevent damage, this is an example of

transverse

a________ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts

homeostasis

body temperature returns to normal

visceral peritoneum

the ______ covers the surface of most digestive organs

medial

toward the midline of the body

growth: development

an increase in body size is________ and an increased specialization as related to form and function is ______

tarsal

anatomical term for ankle is

pectoral

anatomical term for chest is

buccal

anatomical term for facial cheek

frontal

anatomical term for forehead is

calcaneal

anatomical term for heel

lumbar

anatomical term for lower back it

nasal

anatomical term for nose is

ulnar

anatomical term for the medial aspect of the forearm

femoral

anatomical term for thigh is

metabolic activities

breakdown of ingested nutrients, expulsions of wastes from the body, contraction and relaxation of muscles

effectors

bring about change in response to the stimulus

negative feedback examples

changing breathing rate in response to an increase of CO2 and changes in blood pressure when exercising are examples of what

chemical level

composed of atoms and molecules, and the simplest level of organization

brain, spinal cord, and thyroid gland

control centers are generally portions of what

hip

coxal refers to

anatomists

examine the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs.

urinary system

filters the blood and removes waste from the blood

digital

fingers or toes

anatomy

form and structure

living things characteristics

growth and development, organization, and metabolism are characteristics of what?

posterior

in regards to the axial region, the _______ aspect contains cavities that are completely encased in bone

posterior

in terms of anatomic directional terms, the heart is considered _______ to the sternum.

body structures that can serves as effectors

insulin secreting cells of the pancreas, smooth muscles of bronchioles

control center

integrates input and initiates change

transverse plane

it cuts perpendicular to the long axis of the body, also called horizontal plane, it divides the body into superior and inferior parts

abdominal cavity

liver and stomach. which cavity is it in?

thoracic cavity

lungs, heart cavity

breast

mammary is to __________ as brachial is to arm

physiology

mechanisms and functions of structures

cardiovascular system

moves blood containing hormones, nutrients and gases

umbilical

navel

elbow

olecranal

receptors

organs in the skin detect heat.. (perceives a stimulus)

lymphatic system

participates in immune response

parietal, visceral

regarding the serous membranes of the ventral cavity, _________ layer lines the internal surface of the body wall, while a _______ layer covers the external surface of organs

axial region

region of body that includes the head neck and trunk

respiratory system

responsible for exchange of gases

endocrine system system

secretes hormones to regulate growth and chemical levels in the blood

parietal pluera

serous membrane that covers heart and lungs

gross anatomy

structures visible to unaided eye

parietal peritoneum

the ______ lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

visceral

the ________ pericardium forms the hearts external surface

parietal pluera

the __________lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall

vertebral

the correct anatomical term for spinal column is ______ column.

fibular

the lateral aspect of the leg

mediastinum

the median space in the thoracic cavity is called the

oblique

the plane that passes thru at an angle

reproduction

the production of new cells for growth, maintenance and repair is an example of

parietal pericardium

the serous membrane forming the outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart is the

cytology

the study of cells and their internal structures

metabolism

the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body

to dissect, to cut apart

the word anatomy is derived from the greek work anatome, which could be described by what?

stimulus

vigorous exercise raises body temperature

midsagittal

what plane would divide the head into a left half and a right half? (equally)