Biology 2 - Exam 2

The majority of heterotrophic are

free- living chemoheterotrophs

Robert Koch

proposed a set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen

the capsid of a virus consists

protein subunits

Bacterial flagella

exhibit a rotary motion

cellular slime molds

form a slug when cells aggregate in response to cyclic AMP

Rhizobial bacteria

form mutualistic relationships with the roots of legumes and fix nitrogen

The mold that produces penicillin is Penicillium notatum. Penicillium is the name of its

genus

The pigments, energy reserve products, and cell walls found in land plants are also characteristics of

green algae

A group of organisms that includes a recent common ancestor and all its descendants is

monophyletic

Peptidoglycan is a chemical compound found in the cell walls of

most bacteria

Prions

are misfolded proteins

Which group of bacteria contains the gram- positive, anaerobic bacterium that causes botulism?

clostridia

the genome of a virus consists of

DNA or RNA

Decomposers such as molds and mushrooms belong to which domain and kingdom?

Eukarya, Fungi

Dolphins and humans both have the ability to nurse their young, whereas the less closely related sharks do not. The ability to nurse their young is

a shared derived character of mammals

parasitic alveolates that form spores at some stage in their life belong to which group

apicomplexams

Endospores

are extremely durable cells

in lysogenic conversion

bacteria cells may exhibit new properties

which of the following do not belong to domain archaea

bacteriophages

Kelps are ______ with multicellular bodies differentiated into blades, stipes, holdfasts, and gas-filled floats.

brown algae

according to the progressive, or escape, hypothesis, viruses

came from mobile genetic elements and had multiple origins

plant viruses

can be transmitted from one generation to the next through infected seeds

When systematics apply the principle of parsimony, they

choose the cladogram that requires the fewest changes in characters as the most probable explanation to interpret the data

Paramecium and other ciliates often display a sexual phenomenon called

conjugation

molecular evidence supports the view that all plastids evolved from an ancient

cyanobacterium

Photosynthetic protists with shells composed of 2 halves that fit together like a petri dish are

diatoms

the types of host species a particular virus can infect are referred to as its

host range

malaria

is caused by an apicomplexan that spends part of its life cycle in the Anopheles mosquito and part in humans

viruses that kill host cells are

lytic

Bacteria that are autotrophs

manufacture their own organic molecules from simple raw materials

Bacteria that thrive in puncture wounds are likely to be

obligate anaerobes

In cladistic analysis

outgroup analysis is rarely used

Each branching point in a cladogram

represents the divergence of 2 or more groups from a common ancestor

forams

secrete many- chambered tests with pores through which cytoplasmic extensions project

The presence of homologous structures in two different groups of organisms suggests that

the organisms evolved from a common ancestor

Which of the following is not true of the protists?

they are prokaryotic, as bacteria and archaea are

In conjugation

two bacterial cells of different mating types come together, and genetic material is transferred from one to another

in interpreting by a cladogram,

we can determine relationships by tracing along the branches back to the most recent common ancestor

water molds reproduce asexually by forming --- and sexually by forming ---.

zoospores, oospores