Biology 2 - Exam 2
The majority of heterotrophic are
free- living chemoheterotrophs
Robert Koch
proposed a set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen
the capsid of a virus consists
protein subunits
Bacterial flagella
exhibit a rotary motion
cellular slime molds
form a slug when cells aggregate in response to cyclic AMP
Rhizobial bacteria
form mutualistic relationships with the roots of legumes and fix nitrogen
The mold that produces penicillin is Penicillium notatum. Penicillium is the name of its
genus
The pigments, energy reserve products, and cell walls found in land plants are also characteristics of
green algae
A group of organisms that includes a recent common ancestor and all its descendants is
monophyletic
Peptidoglycan is a chemical compound found in the cell walls of
most bacteria
Prions
are misfolded proteins
Which group of bacteria contains the gram- positive, anaerobic bacterium that causes botulism?
clostridia
the genome of a virus consists of
DNA or RNA
Decomposers such as molds and mushrooms belong to which domain and kingdom?
Eukarya, Fungi
Dolphins and humans both have the ability to nurse their young, whereas the less closely related sharks do not. The ability to nurse their young is
a shared derived character of mammals
parasitic alveolates that form spores at some stage in their life belong to which group
apicomplexams
Endospores
are extremely durable cells
in lysogenic conversion
bacteria cells may exhibit new properties
which of the following do not belong to domain archaea
bacteriophages
Kelps are ______ with multicellular bodies differentiated into blades, stipes, holdfasts, and gas-filled floats.
brown algae
according to the progressive, or escape, hypothesis, viruses
came from mobile genetic elements and had multiple origins
plant viruses
can be transmitted from one generation to the next through infected seeds
When systematics apply the principle of parsimony, they
choose the cladogram that requires the fewest changes in characters as the most probable explanation to interpret the data
Paramecium and other ciliates often display a sexual phenomenon called
conjugation
molecular evidence supports the view that all plastids evolved from an ancient
cyanobacterium
Photosynthetic protists with shells composed of 2 halves that fit together like a petri dish are
diatoms
the types of host species a particular virus can infect are referred to as its
host range
malaria
is caused by an apicomplexan that spends part of its life cycle in the Anopheles mosquito and part in humans
viruses that kill host cells are
lytic
Bacteria that are autotrophs
manufacture their own organic molecules from simple raw materials
Bacteria that thrive in puncture wounds are likely to be
obligate anaerobes
In cladistic analysis
outgroup analysis is rarely used
Each branching point in a cladogram
represents the divergence of 2 or more groups from a common ancestor
forams
secrete many- chambered tests with pores through which cytoplasmic extensions project
The presence of homologous structures in two different groups of organisms suggests that
the organisms evolved from a common ancestor
Which of the following is not true of the protists?
they are prokaryotic, as bacteria and archaea are
In conjugation
two bacterial cells of different mating types come together, and genetic material is transferred from one to another
in interpreting by a cladogram,
we can determine relationships by tracing along the branches back to the most recent common ancestor
water molds reproduce asexually by forming --- and sexually by forming ---.
zoospores, oospores
