Biology 2 Exam 2
Which of the following statements about bacteria is false?
Bacteria are not cellular and are sometimes not classified as life forms
Which of the following statements concerning mycorrhizae is FALSE?
Arbuscular mycorrhizae are extracellular
Pili are involved in adhesion of bacterial cells to a substrate or host, or in transmission of __________ between bacteria.
DNA
Late blight of potatoes that caused the Irish potato famine is caused by members of the genus __________.
Phytophthora
The characteristic brown, blue-green, pink, or other tints of ascomycetes are due to the color of their __________.
conidia
Which of the following is not a seedless plant?
conifer
Members of which group are one of the most important producers in marine ecosystems, although sometimes they form blooms known as red tides?
dinoflagellates
Malaria is caused by an __________, which is carried to a host by a __________.
apicomplexan; mosquito
The sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called:
asci
Mushrooms that we eat are technically referred to as:
basidiocarps
Alternation of generations in plants refers to the alternation of
diploid and haploid stages.
In flowering plants, the __________ generation is dominant.
diploid sporophyte
The leafy fern that you might have as a house plant is the __________ generation
diploid sporophyte
The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is:
binary fission.
An example of a member of phylum Zygomycota is:
black bread mold
Moss sperm are transported to the archegonia by:
both insects and water
Yeasts reproduce asexually by:
budding
Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is known as:
coenocytic
Which group of fungi has hyphae that are multinucleate and not divided by septa?
coenocytic
A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutritious organic compounds is a:
chemoautotroph
The cell walls of fungi are composed of
chitin
Characteristics shared between green algae and plants include:
chlorophylls a and b in plastids
Microphylls are found only in __________.
club mosses
Members of the __________ are thought to have given rise to plants.
green algae
A basic difference between gymnosperms and flowering plants is:
gymnosperms produce seeds borne naked, while flowering plants produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.
If a flower has sepals, petals, and stamens but lacks carpels, then that flower is:
incomplete and imperfect
Mycorrhizae benefit plants by:
increasing absorptive surface area of roots
Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as:
monoecious
In a mushroom, the primary mycelium is composed of __________ cells.
monokaryotic
Bacteria
move by means of a rotating flagella.
A __________ is a tangled mass of hyphae.
mycelium
Dikaryotic cells are denoted as:
n + n
The female gametophyte generation in angiosperms is found in the:
ovule of the ovary
Symbiotic association in which one partner lives on or in another and metabolically depends on it is called:
parasitism
Small circles of DNA called __________ exist in addition to the bacterial chromosome.
plasmids
Members of this group are characterized by a multinucleate amoeboid-like feeding form called a plasmodium.
plasmodial slime molds
In flowering plants, the immature male gametophyte is the:
pollen grain.
In plants, phloem is associated with transport of:
dissolved sugars
In plants the fertilized egg develops into a multicellular __________ (young plant) within a female gametangium.
embryo
Mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells probably originated from:
endosymbionts
Who am I? I have the same photosynthetic pigments as plants, but I can also obtain nutrients by ingestion.
euglenoids
One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota is:
flagellated cells
During pollination of flowering plants, pollen lands on the:
stigma
A chain of round bacteria would be called:
streptococci
The most significant difference between the Archaea and the Bacteria is:
the absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of the Archaea.
Which is NOT a member of phylum Ascomycota?
the black bread mold
Koch's postulates include all the following except
the microorganism must be visible in the electron microscope
Which group of algae are a commercial source of agar and carrageenan?
red algae
Members of this group typically consist of amoeboid cells surrounded by a hard outer shell through which cytoplasmic projections extend.
rhizarians
After fertilization in angiosperms, the ovule develops into the:
seed
Seeds are reproductively superior to spores because:
seeds contain a young plant and also are protected by a seed coat
The endosperm of an angiosperm seed is typically:
triploid (3n).
What makes up most of the mass of an individual mushroom?
underground mycelium
An example of a unicellular fungus is:
yeast
Reproduction in the black bread mold occurs between __________ hyphae
+ and -
How many sperm cells contribute to the process of reproduction in angiosperms?
2
Which of the following statements concerning gymnosperms and angiosperms is FALSE?
Both groups have free-living gametophytes
You find a unicellular organism that forms lobe-like pseudopodia. When you expose the cells to cAMP, they aggregate into a slug like structure. Based on this information, you correctly conclude that this organism is:
Dictyostelium discoideum
Which of the following phyla is unusual, as it is composed of a single species?
Ginkgophyta
__________ are small leaves with a single vascular strand
Microphylls
The most economically important bryophyte is:
Sphagnum
Which of the following statements concerning biofilms is FALSE?
They are usually less than 2 mm thick.
Which of the following statements concerning microsporidia is FALSE?
They have mitochondria and Golgi complexes.
You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. You correctly conclude that this organism is:
a choanoflagellate
Fungi can grow under all of the following conditions except:
a dry environment
Prokaryotes have their genetic information stored in:
a large, circular piece of DNA.
Leaf __________ in the fall is an adaptation for flowering plants to survive harsh winters in temperate climates.
abscission
Which of the following is not an adaptation of flowering plants that contributed to their evolutionary success?
adaptability of the gametophyte generation
When plants have a distinct haploid stage and diploid stage, this is referred to as:
alternation of generations
Coal deposits formed when forested areas were inundated with water and the __________ conditions that resulted promoted incomplete decomposition of the vegetation into coal.
anaerobic
Rod-shaped bacteria are called:
bacilli
The cuticle in plants helps in preventing:
dessication
Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells?
diatoms
The sori of most ferns are found on the:
fronds
In plants, ovaries develop into:
fruits
The __________ generation is dominant in mosses, as it can live independently.
haploid gametophyte
Black bread mold is __________, which means that it is self-sterile.
heterothallic
Most bacteria are:
heterotrophs
What am I? I have a jointed hollow stem with reduced megaphylls.
horsetail
Evidence from vascular tissues and developmental stages suggests that stamens evolved from:
leaves.
The largest cones produced on a pine tree, the ones we are typically most familiar with, are the female cones that contain:
megasporangia
When bread gets moldy with visible black or blue spots, you are looking at masses of the colored:
spores
Penicillin works most effectively against gram-positive bacteria because:
they have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and penicillin affects the synthesis of peptidoglycans.
Mosses and liverworts are limited in size because they lack:
vascular tissues
__________ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells.
Conjugation
Which of the following gymnosperm groups has the most efficient water-conducting cells?
Gnetophyta
Which of the following is a vascular plant?
fern
What am I? I am a unicellular, biflagellate stramenopile that forms a significant portion of the nonplankton.
golden algae
Many seedless plants produce spores of one morphological type, which is referred to as:
homospory
A __________ is a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi.
hypha
A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce __________, a strengthening polymer in the walls of cells that function in support and conduction.
lignin
Microsporocytes divide by __________ to form __________.
meiosis; microspores
Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for:
movement
Most fungal spores are __________ reproductive cells that are produced __________.
nonmotile; sexually or asexually
A(n) __________ bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen.
obligate anaerobic
What am I? I am an anaerobic excavate that is an endosymbiont of animals.
parabasilid
Based on the most recent data available, the protist kingdom is:
paraphyletic
The gametophyte generation of ferns is called the:
prothallus
The first eukaryotic cells to evolve from ancestral prokaryotes were:
protists
In mosses, the __________ grows into the leafy gametophyte plant.
protonema
Gram-positive bacteria would stain __________ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of __________ in their cell walls.
purple; peptidoglycan
In plants, ovules develop into:
seeds
Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:
their capsule.
In plants, xylem is associated with the transportation of:
water and minerals
Extracts from the ginkgo tree are sold in over the counter (OTC) medicines purported to increase memory. Extracts from what other gymnosperm are also sold in OTC medicines, some of which have useful effects and others of which have controversial effects?
Ephedra
__________ are Archaea that are typically found in abnormally hot environments.
Extreme thermophiles
What am I? I am coenocytic, lack sexual reproduction, and reproduce asexually via blastospores.
Glomeromycetes
In a fungus, a complex multicellular reproductive structure is called:
a fruiting body
A plant with parallel veins and floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as:
a monocot.
Most bacterial cells keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment by:
a rigid cell wall.
The volume of a typical bacterium is about __________ the volume of a typical eukaryotic cell.
a thousandth
Terrestrial plants obtain carbon dioxide, required for photosynthesis, from the:
atmosphere
In Paramecium, the surface of the cell is covered with thousands of short, hair-like __________.
cilia
Asexual reproduction in sac fungi involves production of spores called:
conidia
Individuals in this group often have intracellular shells of interlocking plates.
dinoflagellates
Cycads may be characterized as being:
dioecious and having motile sperm
The __________ are excavates that lack functional mitochondria and Golgi.
diplomonads
Heterospory was an important evolutionary development, as it led to the evolution of:
seeds
Angiosperms have __________ in their phloem.
sieve tube elements
Even though bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:
the plasma membrane.
One unique characteristic associated with some of the extreme halophilic Archaea is that:
they have photosynthetic ability involving a purple bacteriorhodopsin pigment.
All of the following statements about the brown algae are true except
they share a common ancestor with representatives of the plant kingdom
An example of a plant disease caused by a basiodiomycete is:
wheat rust
Pine pollen is primarily disseminated by:
wind
The most diverse, successful, and familiar group of plants today are the:
angiosperms
The most recent group of plants to evolve are the:
angiosperms
In a flowering plant, the __________ is the site of meiosis and, ultimately, the production of pollen.
anther
The __________ is the male sexual structure that produces sperm in plants.
antheridium
__________ is a common chytridiomycete which exhibits alternation of generation.
Allomyces
Which one of the following is mismatched?
Dutch elm disease-glomeromycetes
__________ are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions.
Endospores
The club fungi typically reproduce by producing:
basidia
Which of the following is not a characteristic of fungi?
cell wall of lipopolysaccharides
Bacterial __________ cause systemic symptoms such as fever, whereas bacterial __________ cause more specific maladies.
endotoxins; exotoxins