Biology 30 - the brain
What makes up the Forebrain
Cerebrum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus,
Spinal Cord
Column of nerve tissure that extends from the brain to back bone Communicates between brain and the PNS (Effectors) Prinary reflex center
Corpus Callosum
Connects right side and left side through nerve tracts
Thalamus
Connects various sections of brain relays info from senses Mainly forebrain and hind brain "Great relay of the brain" Sensory system - not smell
What are the responsibilites on the Cerebrum
Language, memory, personality, Vision, sonscious thought, thinking/feeling Round 5mm thick Learns and processes info differently
Wernicke's area
Left side of cerebrum important to speech Comprehension/understanding of spoken words.
Midbrain
Receives specific sensory input, Connects hindbrain to forebrain Visual and auditory info Important for eye movement and skeletal muscles control
Cerebellum
Reflex muscle control Eye movement Muscle control coordination and balance Receives info form proprioceptors Coordination of posture, reflexes, speech
Hypothalamus
Regulates hormones and body functions coordinates pituitary gland - Heart rate, blood pressure, temperature Controls drives such as hunger, thirst, sexual desire
What is the main purpose of the brain
Regulation of body - intelligence, consciousness, emotion determines your personality, values, right from wrong
Pons
Relays info between Cerebellum, and cerebral cortex Right and left sides cerebrum
What is the responsiblities of the Left hemisphere of the cerebrum
Segmental, sequential, and logical ways of thinking Linguistic and mathematical
Temporal lobe
Involved in auditory reception
What is the structure of the Cerebrum?
2 hemispheres/halves Internal mass is what matter surrounded by a thin layer of Grey matter Halves are linked by the corupus callosum Left side controls right side of body and vise versa for the left.
How does the brain stack against the rest of the body
2% Body weight 20% of bodies energy and Oxygen supply
Meninges
3 membranes that surround and protect CNS
Frontal lobe
Associated with conscious thought, intelligence, memory, personality Vcoluntary muscles movement Receive smell impulse via limbic system
Boroca's area
Found in left side of Cerebrum Important to speech Speaking muscles and thought to speach
How strong is the brain
Fragile, with gelatin like consistency
What are the names of the different parts of the Cerebrum
Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, And Occipital lobes the Corpus Callosum
What is the responsibilites of the right hemisphere of the cerebrum
Holistic and intuitive thinking Visual-spatial skills Artistic Ability
What does the MRI stand for
Magnetic resonance Imagry
Does the brain feel pain
No, there are no pain receptors in the brain Enables doctors to probe an awake patient
Why are modern imaging techniques so important
Non - invasive ways to see and study and alive brain
How do Lipid-soluble substances pass through the Blood-brain barrier
Pass directly through lipid bilayer Theses include Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, heroin Allows for immediate rapid affect on brain
Brain damage can result in
Personality change, Loss of abilities - walking, talking etc. Alter senses
What parts make the Hind Brain
Pons, Medulla Oblongata, Cerebellum
What does the PET scan stand for
Postronemission Tomography
Parietal lobe
Receive taste info from thalamus to perceive taste Receives sensory info from skin Processes body position info
How does substances like Glucose and oxygen pass throough the blood-brain barrier
Special Transport mechanisms
What part of the body does the brain communicate with to for the Central Nervous System
Spinal Cord
Medulla Oblongata
Subconscious activities - heart rate blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, vomiting Automatic - Involuntary
What is wht blood brain barrier
System formed from Menegies Prevents direct circulation of blood through CNS Blocks toxins and infectious agents while supplying nutrients and oxygen
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Transports hormones, white blood cells, and nutrients across blood brain barrier Circulates between 2 layers of meninges (Arachnoid, and Pia Mater) and fills any spaces and voids within the CNS Max amount in body -150mL @ one time Replaced 4X / day with a daily max amount of 500mL created.
Occipital lobe
Visual information